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HISTORICAL GUIDE 



M 



]/Yl^7 TO THE CITY OF ^y^^XCJ^L 

DUBLIN, 

ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS, AND A PLAN OF THE CITY. 

SECOND EDITION, 



WGT& 



WITH CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONAL 




AN ITINERARY, 

AND VARIOUS USEFUL INFORMATION FOR TOURISTS AND STRANGERS* 




BY (f. N. WRIGHT, A.M. 



LONDON: 

PRINTED FOR BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY. 






1825. 






[■THE LIBRARY 
iOf CONGRESS 

IWAiHlM^TON 






T. C. HANSARD, Pater-noster-row Press. 



PREFACE 

TO THE 

SECOND EDITION. 



Although reduced in bulk, by a compressed form 
of printing, for the purpose of enabling the publishers 
to offer the volume at a less price, this Edition will be 
found to contain not only all the information of the pre- 
ceding one, that is really valuable and interesting to the 
majority of Readers, or Tourists, but also much that is 
new, whether as additions to the original matter, or 
entirely new articles. In this respect great pains have 
been taken to render the book as perfect as possible, and 
to bring down the accounts of Buildings and lnstilu- 
tions to the present time. Among the new subjects are 
—St. Stephen's Chapel, Merchants' Hall, the School of 
Anatomy, The Royal Hibernian Academy of Painting, 
&c. The account of the Dublin Society has been con- 
siderably enlarged, and the contents of its Museum, its 
pictures, &c. as fully described as the limits of a work of 
this nature would permit. 

In this Edition, — which, considering the number and 
superior style of its embellishments, must be allowed to 
a 2 



PREFACjE. 

be a cheap book—there is likewise given a Table of the 
Principal Edifices, showing their Architects, and the 
dates of Erection, as far as could be ascertained ; which 
will, it is hoped, prove not uninteresting either to the 
residents, or visitors, of a city which may justly pride it-« 
self on its architectural monuments. It will be useful, 
inasmuch as it lays before the reader at a single glance 
what is scattered throughout the Volume (besides some 
names not mentioned in the body of the work) ; and 
consequently greatly facilitates the reference to, and com- 
parison of, dates and other particulars. 

It has been thought, likewise, that the utility of the 
Volume as a Guide, would be considerably increased by 
the addition of an Itinerary, containing the Roads, &c. 
from London to Liverpool, and other ports where the 
stranger would embark for Ireland ; with ample infor- 
mation respecting the sailing of Packets, and the Routes 
from Dublin, to Belfast, and Cork. The Work has 
thus become a complete manual for the Tourist, without 
being thereby rendered less satisfactory to those who 
wish to possess a topographical history of the Irish 
Metropolis. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page 
ITINERARY OF ROUTES., ix 
ACCOUNT OF LIVERPOOL ib 
PACKETS TO DUBLIN .... xxi 
GENERAL OBSERVA- 
TIONS xxiv 

HOTELS IN DUBLIN xxv 

PERAMBULATIONS OF 

DUBLIN ib 

ROUTES FROM DUBLIN.. xxxi 
ANCIENT HISTORY OF 
THE CITY OF DUBLIN.. 1 
Geographical Description.. 4 

DUBLIN CASTLE 6 

The Chapel 8 

Executive Government 9 

THE UNIVERSITY 11 

Chapel 14 

Theatre 15 

Refectory „ ib. 

Library 16 

M annscript Room 17 

College Park IS 

Anatomy House ib. 

Printing House 19 

Provost's Hou.se ib. 

Museum 20 

Astronomical Observatory .... 21 

B otanic Garden "..... 22 

BANK OF IRELAND 22 

The PrintingHou.se 2.5 

EngTaving Engine 26 

Printing Presses ib . 

Its Institution ib. 

DUBLIN SOCIETY 28 

Museum. 33 

FARMING SOCIETY 38 

ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. . 39 
KIRWANIAN SOCIETY.... 40 
IBERNO-CELTIC SOCIETY ib. 
DUBLIN INSTITUTION.... ib. 
DUBLIN LIBRARY SO- 
CIETY 41 

MARSH'S LIBRARY ib. 

CATHEDRALS:— 

ST. PATRICK'S 42 

Monuments in the Choir ., 47 



Page 

The Chapter House. 48 

St. Man's Chapel 49 

The Deanery Hou*e ........ 50 

Archiepiscopal Palace ib . 

CHRIST-CHURCH 51 

The Nave 54 

Monuments 55 

The Transept 57 

The Choir 58 

St . Mary's Chapel 59 

Deanerv House 60 

CHURCHES :— 

St. Michael's ib. 

St. John's 61 

S f . Michan's 62 

St. Audoen's 64 

St. N icholas Without 65 

St. Peter's 66 

St. Kevin's 67 

St. Werburgb's 6$ 

St. Mary's 70 

St. Anne's 71 

St. Bridget's 72 

St. Georges is 

St. George's Chapel 75 

St. Thomas's ib. 

St. Catherine's 77 

St. James's 78 

St. Paul's .... 79 

St. Nicholas Within 80 

St. Andrew's 81 

St. Luke's 83 

St. Mark's 84 

St. Stephen's Cha pel 85 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHA- 
PELS 85 

Metropolitan Chapel 86 

Arran Quay Chapel 87 

Bridge-street Chapel 88 

James's-street Chapel. ....... ib. 

Francis-street Chapel ib. 

LilFey-stree t C hapel 88 

Anne-street C hapel . 89 

Meath street Chapel 90 

Exchange-street, Chapel .... ib. 

Towsend-street Chapel , ^ , , , • 93 



VI 



CONTEXTS. 



Page 

FRIARIES:- 

Augustinian Convent 93 

Dominican Convent ib. 

Convent of Calced Carmelites 93 

Convent of Discalced ditto . . ib. 

Convent of Franciscans 94 

Convent of Capuchins ib. 

Convent of Jesuits ib, 

NUNNERIES:— 

King-street Nunnery 95 

Stanhope-street and William- 
street X u nneries ib. 

George's-hill, or North Anne's- 

street Nunneries ib. 

Ward's Hill, or Warren 

Mount Nunnery ib. 

Harold's Cross Nunnery 9G 

SECEDERS FROM ' THE 
ESTABLISHED CHURCH: 

Presbyterians 97 

Strand-street Meeting-house.. OS 

Eustace-street ditto 99 

Mary's Abbey ditto % . . . . ib. 

Usher's Quay ditto ib. 

Seceders 100 

Independents ib. 

Methodists ib. 

Baptists . 101 

Wal&erites ib . 

Moravians 102 

Quakers ib. 

Jews 103 

German Lutherans ib. 

MUNICIPAL GOVERN- 
MENT 104 

Mansion-house 105 

City Assembly-house 107 

Aldermen of Skinners-alley.. JOS 

Merchants-hall "... ib . 

Tailors '-hal 1. ib. 

Weavers'-hall 109 

POLICE ESTABLISHMENT ib. 

PRISONS :— 

Newgate in 

Sheriffs Prison 113 

City Marshalsea . «. 114 

Four Courts Marshalsea ib. 

Sessions House 115 

MANORS: — 

Manor of Grange-Gorman .... 1 1 6 
Manor of Thomas Court and 

Donorc ib. 

Manor of St. Sepulchre ib. 

Manor of the Deanery of St. 
Patrick's -1 17 

HOUSES OF CORRECTION : 

Dublin Penitentiary ib , 

Richmond General Peniten- 
tiary , • 118 



Page 

Magdalen Asylum 119 

Lock Penitentiary 1 1 9 

Bow-street Asylum ] 20 

To wnsend-street Asylum .... ib. 

Dublin Female Penitentiary., ib. 

ASYLUMS i2i 

CHARITABLE ASSOCIA- 
TIONS:— 
Sick and Indigent Room- 
keepers 122 

Stranger's Friend Society .... 123 

Charitable Association ib. 

Society for the Relief of the In- 

<1 ustriou s Poor ib . 

Debtor's Friend Society ib. 

Ouzel Galley Association .... ib. 

Musical Fund Society ib. 

Society for the Relief of Dis- 
tressed Literary Teachers 

and their Families 124 

Charitable Loan ib. 

Men t h Charitable Society .... ib. 

Mendicity Association .* ib. 

SCHOOLS' FOR. THE EDU- 
CATION OF THE POOR: 

Incorporated Society 125 

Erasmus Smith's Schools .... 126 

Deaf and Dumb Institution. . ib. 
ASYLUMS FORTHE BLIND : 

Simpson's Hospital I SI 

Richmond National Institu- 
tion 132 

Molineux Asylum 133 

POOR SCHOOLS :— 

Female Orphan-house ib. 

Masonic Female Orphan 

School 134 

Pleasants' Asylum ib. 

St. Catherine's Sunday School J 35 

Free Day-schools 136 

Society ' for Promoting the 
Education of the Poor in 

Ireland ib. 

Sunday School-Society for Ire- 
land .' 137 

Hatch-street Sunday School, 

Leeson-street 138 

Religious Tract and Book 

Society ib. 

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. . . . ib. 

Bible Societies 139 

PUBLIC SQUARES :— 

Stepheu's-green ib. 

Merrion-square ib. 

Fitzwilliam-square 142 

Rutland-square ............ ib. 

MouiUjoy-square 143 

STATUES s> ib. 

Nelson's Pillar 144 



CONTENTS. 



VI l 



Page 

Wellington Testimonial .... 145 

THEATRES AND PLACES 
OF . PUBLIC AMUSE- 
MENT 145 

New Theatre Royal 147 

BARRACKS 149 

BRIDGES:— 

Carlisle Bridge ib. 

Cast-iron Bridge 150 

Essex Bridge ib. 

Richmond "Bridge 151 

Whitworth Bridge 152 

The Queen's Bridge ib. 

Bloody Bridge ib. 

Sarah's Bridge 153 

PRIVATE RESIDENCES .. ib. 

Charlemont. House ib. 

Waterford House 1 54 

LAWCOURTS 155 

Four Courts 156 

Inns of Courts 160 

Prerogative Court 1 63 

Consistorial Court 164 

High Court of Admiralty .... ib. 

Board of First Fruits .,'. ib. 

PUBLIC OFFICES:— 

General Post-office ib. 

Stamp Office 167 

Ballast Office 169 

Paving Board 1 TO 

Wide-street Commissioners .. 171 

Pipe Water Committee ib. 

Custom House 172 

Custom-House Docks 176 

COMMERCIAL BUILD- 

INGS:— 

Royal Exchange 1 78 

Corn Exchange Buildings .... 182 

The Commercial Buildings .. 183 

Chamber of Commerce 185 

Savings' Bank ib. 

Gas Light Company 186 

Linen and Yarn Hall ib. 

Stove Tenter-House 187 

HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL 
INSTITUTIONS :— 

Royal Hospital, Kilmainham 189 
Blue-Coat Boys' Hospital, 

Blackhall-street 194 

Marine School 196 

College of Physicians, Sir Pa- 
trick Dun's Hospital .,,,.. 197 



Pa S e 
College of Surgeons 199 

Association of Members of the 
College of Physicians in Ire- 
land— College Green 201 

School of Physic 202 

School of Anatomy— Park st. 203 

Apothecaries'-Hall 204 

Charitable Infirmary 205 

Steevens's Hospital 206 

Mercer's Hospital 208 

Meath Hospital ib. 

Coombe Hospital 209 

Lying-in Hospital 210 

Rotunda Rooms 213 

New Rooms — Faitland-square 214 
Westmoreland Lock Hospital. 

— Townsend-street 215 

United Hospital of St. Mark 

and St. Anne— Mart-street 216 
Fever Hospital — Cork-street .. ib. 
Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital .. 219 

Whitworth Hospital 222 

Richmond Surgical Hospital . . 223 
St. George's "House of Re- 
covery ib. 

Whitworth Fever Hospital . . ib. 
St. Peter's and St. Bridget's 

Hospital 224 

Royal Military Infirmary .... 225 

Hospital for Incurables 226 

House of Industry 227 

Foundling Hospital 228 

St. Patrick, or Swift's Hospi- 
tal — Bow-lane, James-street 230 
Richmond Lunatic Asylum .. 232 

DISPENSARIES .'.. 234 

Talbot Dispensary ib. 

St. Mary and St. Thomas's .. ib. 
Dublin General Dispensary . . ib. 

Meath Dispensary 235 

Vaccine Establishment • ib. 

FINE ARTS 236 

Royal Hibernian Academy .. 238 
Private Collections of Paint- 
ings 240 

ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN .. 245 

BANKS 250 

RATES OF CARRIAGES .... 251 
ARCHITECTURAL SYNOP- 
SIS -. 253 

INDEX 



Plated 



THE Castle 6 

The Castle Chapel and Record Tower 8 

Trinity College 14 

T h e B a n k 22 

St. Patrick's Cathedral 42 

Christ-Church ditto h I 

St. George's Church * 74 

The New Theatre Royal 14T 

The Law Courts 156 

The King's Inns, and Royal Canal Harbour 1 62 

Sackville Street, Post Office, and Xelson'a Column 166 

The Custom House 1T2 

The Royal Exchange It* 

The L) ing-in Hospital 212 

Plan of the City of Dublin, {after the Inclejc.) 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES 

TO THE 

DIFFERENT PORTS ; 

ACCOUNT OF PACKETS, &c. 

AND USEFUL INFORMATION FOR TRAVELLERS. 



IN order to render this volume not only interesting to 
those who, whether residents or strangers, seek for inform- 
ation relative to the buildings and institutions of the 
metropolis of Ireland ; but likewise as serviceable as pos- 
sible to tourists, who may wish, at the same time, to possess 
a compendious guide of their route on the other side of the 
water, it has been deemed proper to supply, in this intro- 
ductory chapter, all such particulars as may be necessary 
to the traveller from the commencement of his journey. 
For this purpose, the routes from London to Liverpool, 
Holyhead, and Bristol, are given ; and brief notices of the 
objects most deserving attention in each of those places. 



FROM LONDON TO LIVERPOOL, 

First Route, through Chester, 

*** The figures in the first column give the distance of the Towns from 
each other— in the second, their distance from London. 

Miles. Irrns. 

Barnet - « 11 

St. Alban's - - 10 - 21 Angel, Woolpack, White Hart, 

Dunstable - - . 12$ - 33J Crown, Sugar-loaf. 

Brick Hill - - 9£ - 45 George. 

Stoney Stratford - - 9 - 52 Bull, Cock, 

Towcester - -8-60 

Daventry - - - 12 - 72 Saracen's Head, Wheatshenf, 

Dunsmoor Heath * 13£ - 85£ Black Dog. 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. 

Miles. Inns, 



Coventry 


- 4- 


91 


5 King's Head, Craven Arms, White 
1 Bear. 


Stone Bridge 


- 8£- 


99£ 




Castle Brorawich 


- 6 - 


105£ 




Stonal 


- 10 - 


lloj 




Ivetsey Bank 


- 16 - 


13li 


Sun, Bradford Arms. 


Newport 


- 8 - 


159£ 


Red Lion. 


Tern Hill 


- 12 - 


151| 


Queen's Head, Hill Arms. 


Whitchurch 


9 ■ 


160£ 


Red Lion, Lord Hill. 


Barn HiU 


- 91 - 


170 


rAlbion Hotel, Golden Lion, Pied 


Chester 


- io! • 


180J 


-j Bull, Royal Hotel, Red Lion, 
i White Lion. 


Eastham 


■ s i 


- 190 




Liverpool 


- 8 


- 198 


(See page sv) 



At St. Alban's, the Abbey Church is deserving of notice, 
both for its architecture, its extent, and the rich screens 
and ancient monuments it contains. This place, whose 
population is about 4,500, is remarkable for two battles 
between the Houses of York and Lancaster, in 1455 and 
1461, in the latter of which Queen Margaret defeated the 
Earl of Warwick. 

Coventry is an ancient city, with a population of 
about 8,000 inhabitants, containing little to attract any 
but the antiquary, who will here recognize in many of the 
houses the domestic architecture of the 15th and 16th cen- 
turies. The most remarkable object is St. Michael's 
Church, which is a fine specimen of the pointed style, and 
is celebrated for its very beautiful spire. Trinity Church 
has also a lofty spire. Here are several hospitals, a Free- 
school, a County-hall (erected in 1/85), and an edifice 
called St. Mary's-hall, built in the reign of Henry VI. 

Chester, a city of great antiquity, is seated on a rocky 
eminence, above a sweep of the Dee. The town is one 
of the most singularly-built in England, the four main 
streets being excavated in the rock, the depth of an entire 
story below the level ground ; and having galleries or 
porticos on each side, for foot passengers ; beneath which 
are the shops and warehouses. The Castle and Cathedral 
are both well deserving examination. The former was 
originally erected in the time of the Conqueror, but con- 
tains very extensive modern additions comprising an 
armoury with nearly 40,000 stand of -arms, tho Shire-hall ^ 



ITINERARY OP ROUTES, &c. XI 

County Gaol, and Courts of Justice, Barracks, &c. The 
latter, though inferior to the generality of our English 
cathedrals, has a very beautiful Chapter-house. "The 
population is about 20,000. 

Second Route, through Lichfield. 

Miles. Inns, 



Stone Bridge 


- 


*■ 


99| 




Coleshill 




. 4 - 


103^ 


Angel, Swan. 


Swinfin 


- 


■ 321- 


116 




Lichfield 


■ 


V- 


U8I 


George, Swan. 


Ridgley 


- 


• %' 


126 




Sandon 


. 


- 10 ■ 


■ 136 




Stone 


. 


- 4 


. 140 




Newcastle-Under-Lyne 


■ 9 


- 149 


Crown, Roebuck. 


Congleton 


. 


- iM • 


1611 


Bulls Head, Black Lion. 


Knutsford 


- 


■ lif. 


176 


Angel, George 


Warrington 


- 


• us 


' 18 7^ 


George, Nag's Head, Red Lion 


Prescot 


r 


- 10 


- 197| 


Man and Bull, Man and Swan. 


Liverpool 


- 


- 8£ 


- 206 





Lichfield, the most important place in this Second 
Route, has an exceedingly fine Cathedral, with a noble 
spire, and two lesser ones at the west end. In the interior 
are the monuments of Garrick, Dr. Johnson, Lady M. 
W. Montagu, and Miss Seward; and a very exquisite one, 
by Chantrey, representing two sleeping children. This city 
is celebrated aigthe birth-place of the two eminent men just 
mentioned, and- was, atone period of his life, the residence 
of Dr. Darwin, who here wrote his Zoonomia. In the 
free-school of St. John, Addison, Johnson, Garrick, 
Wollaston, Hawkins Browne, and other distinguished in- 
dividuals received the rudiments of their education. Races 
are held during three days in the second week in Septem- 
ber, on Whittington Heath, two miles from the town. 
The population is about 6,000. 

Liverpool is unquestionably one of the most important 
places in the British empire, whether we regard its extent, 
its prodigious commerce, or the number and splendor of 
its public buildings. During' the last thirty years its in- 
crease has been most rapid, and in 1821 its population 
amounted to M 1,487, independently of the number of 
seamen, &c. who may be estimated at" nearly 10,000 more. 
Brief as we must necessarily be, we can do little more than 
b 



Xll ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. 

enumerate the various objects which in almost every 
quarter arrest the stranger's attention ; and among these 
a foremost place must be assigned to the Docks, the prin- 
cipal of which are the Wet-docks. The next are the Dry- 
docks ; and there is a third kind called the Graving-docks, 
in which ships are caulked and repaired. The Old Dock, 
which runs eastward into the town, was constructed in 
1710, and contains an area of 17,070 square yards. It is 
surrounded with houses, shops, and warehouses, and at 
the east end stands the Custom-house. The Dry -dock has 
a quay extending about 360 yards. Salthouse-dock, the 
second in point of date, is an area of 22,420 square yards, 
with a quay of about 640 yards. St. George's Dock ex- 
tends from St. Nicholas' Church-yard to Moor-street, and 
forms an area of 26,068 square yards, with a quay of 700 
yards, lined with capital warehouses. King's Dock is an 
area of 25,650, and Queen's Dock, of 54,025 square yards. 
Prince's Dock, which is the finest of all, was commenced 
in 1815, and opened July 19th, 1821, the day of his Ma- 
jesty's coronation. It is 500 yards long by 106 broad, 
forming an area of 53,000 square yards. The quays are 
very spacious, and have cast-iron sheds for the shelter of 
merchandize. Along the west side next the river is a 
spacious parade, affording a noble view of the shipping, &c. 

Among the public buildings, the Town Hall, in Castle- 
street, is a very noble and imposing architectural pile, of 
the corinthian order, surmounted by a lofty cupola, on 
the summit of which is a colossal figure of Britannia 
sitting. It contains a saloon 30 feet by 26, with portraits 
of his late and present Majesty, and the Duke of Clarence ; 
west drawing-room, 32 feet by 26; east drawing-room, 30 
by 27; ball-room, 89 by 41, and 40 high; another, 61 by 
28, and 26 high; and a banquet-room, 50 feet by 30; 
these three last rooms have beautiful scagliola pilasters. 
The dome which is over the stair-case produces a very fine 
effect as viewed from below : the entire height from the 
floor to the summit is 106 feet. 

The New Exchange Buildings, which were begun from 
designs by John Foster, Esq. in 1803, form u very 
magnificent structure surrounding three sides of a square, 
(on the fourth is the north front of the Town Hall). 
They are decorated with Corinthian columns and pilasters, 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c Xljl 

and partake of the general character of that front. The 
north side is 177 feet, and the east and west 131. In the base- 
ment all round is a piazza 15 feet wide ; and in the east wing 
is the Exchange News-room, occupying the whole of the 
lower story, being 94 feet 3 inches, by 5 1 feet .9 inches : 
the ceiling is supported by 16 Ionic columns, 20 feet 9 
inches high, each formed of a single stone. The centre of 
the area inclosed by these buildings is decorated with a 
splendid Monument to Lord Nelson, designed by Matthew 
Wyatt, and executed by Westmacott : at the base of a 
very rich circular pedestal are four large emblematic 
figures, in allusion to his principal victories ; and upon it 
is a fine group of Nelson, Victory, and Death, Britannia 
and a British seaman. — The Corn Exchange, in Brunswick- 
street, is a simple yet handsome building ; but the New 
Market is one of the most astonishing and interesting 
structures of the kind in the whole kingdom. This noble 
edifice, which was designed by Mr. J. Foster, jun., was 
begun in August, 1820, and finished in February, 1822, at 
an expense of 35,000/. : its length is 549 feet, and its 
breadth 135. The roof is supported by 116 cast-iron 
pillars, 23 feet high, and arranged in four rows, so as to 
form five avenues. At night it is brilliantly lighted by 
144 gas-lights. Besides this, there are eight other open 
markets in different parts of the town. 

Liverpool possesses many literary institutions reflecting 
great credit on its citizens : among these, the earliest-es- 
tablished is the Athenaeum, in Church-street, which was 
opened in 1/99., The Lyceum, in Bold-street, is a very 
handsome building, designed by Mr. Harrison, of Chester. 
It has a spacious coffee and news-room, and a circular 
Jibrary-room containing 22,000 volumes. The Union 
Neivs-room, in Duke-street, is a plain but handsome stone 
edifice, erected from the designs of Mr. Foster. It derives 
its name from the circumstance of being founded on Jan. 
1st, 1800, the day on which the Union of England and 
Ireland took place. The Royal Institution, in Colquitt- 
street, was founded in 1814. It is a large and uniform 
building with two wings, presenting a front of 146 feet : 
on the first floor is a spacious exhibition-room for the use 
of the members of the Liverpool Academy ; likewise ano- 
ther exhibition-room with casts of the Elgin and Egina 



xiv ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c« 

marbles. The museum contains a variety of rare and cu- 
rious specimens of natural history, &c. Strangers may 
be introduced here by a proprietor. 

The Theatre, which is in Williamson-square, is generally 
open from June to December. Another place of amuse- 
ment is the Circus, appropriated to equestrian and panto- 
mimic performances, during the winter season. The Wel- 
lington Rooms is an extensive suite of assembly-rooms, 
erected from the designs of Mr. Edmund Aikin in 1815. 
The front is of stone, and has a semicircular portico of the 
Corinthian order, but has no windows. The ball-room is 
tastefully ornamented, and measures 80 feet by 37. The 
Royal Museum, at the bottom of Church-street, will repay 
the visitor's curiosity ; as will also the Botanic Garden 
near Edgehill, to which place of elegant recreation, ad- 
mittance may be obtained through any proprietor. There 
are nineteen "churches in Liverpool, besides several other 
places of religious worship. Among those which most de- 
serve to be particularized here, as objects of notice to the 
stranger on account of their architecture, are, St. Paul's, 
St. George's, St. Michael's, and that belonging to the 
School for the Blind. The first of these has a dome, and 
Ionic porticoes on the west, south, and north sides. St. 
George's is a handsome structure of the Doric order; and 
St. Michael's has a noble Corinthian portico of ten co- 
lumns 31 feet 8 inches high, and a tower and spire 201 
feet high. But as a specimen of pure Grecian architec- 
ture, the pre-eminence must be assigned to the last men- 
tioned structure, the portico being an exact copy of that 
of the temple of Jupiter Panhellenius in the island of Egi- 
na, which was visited in 1811 by Mr. J. Foster, jun. the 
architect. This portico exhibits one of the earliest speci- 
mens of the Grecian Doric order. The altar-piece of this 
church has a fine painting by Hilton, of Christ restoring 
sight to the Blind. Christ Church may also be mentioned 
on account of its singularly-constructed organ, and its 
dome, from the top of which is a fine prospect of the town. 

As this sketch professes to notice only such objects as 
are likely to prove attractive to the visitor, such institu- 
tions as offer nothing remarkable for inspection, are passed 
over. An exception, however, must be made in favour of 
the New Infirmary in Brownlow-street, which has an air 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. 



XV 



of extraordinary grandeur, and reflects great credit on the 
taste of the architect, Mr. J. Foster, jun. The building is 
fronted with stone, and has a line portico of six Ionic co- 
lumns. In the front and wings are 138 windows. — At the 
junction of Pembroke-place and the London-road, is a 
bronze equestrian Statue of George III. executed by West- 
macott ; which forms a very conspicuous and ornamental 
object. 

Strangers who are desirous of sea-bathing, will find accom- 
modation for that purpose in the Floating' Bath, moored 
nearly opposite George's Dock Parade, where there is a 
bath 80 feet long by 27 wide ; also two private Laths with 
dressing-rooms. 

The principal Inns and Taverns are, the King's Arms 
Hotel, Castle-street; Talbot Hotel, Water-street ; Golden 
Lion, Dale-street; Angel Inn, ditto; George Inn, ditto; 
Wellington Arms, ditto ; Commercial Inn, ditto ; Saracen's 
Head, ditto ; Bull Inn, ditto ; Crown Inn, Red-cross-street; 
Star and Garter Tavern, Paradise-street; Castle Inn, Lord- 
street; Waterloo Hotel, Ranelagh-street ; York Hotel, 
Williamson-square ; Feathers Inn, Clayton-square ; Castle 
Inn, ditto ; and Neptune Hotel, ditto. 

[For a list of the packets to Dublin, see page xxi.] 
Route from London to Holyhead, through Coventry and 
Birmingham. 

Miles. Inns* 

Angel, Woolpack, White Hart 
Crown, Sugar-loaf. 

The Bull, the Gock. 

Saracen's head,Talbot, White Horse. 

Saracen's head, Wheat-sheaf. 

(King's Head, Craven's Arms, 
I White Bear. 

$ Castle, Hen and Chicken.?, Swan, 
"£ Nelson Hotel, Birmingham do. 

Lion, Swan. 

Jemingham Arms, Talbot, RedLion* 

Cock. 

Fox, Lion, Raven and Bell, Taibot 



St. Albatfs 


- 


- 21 


Dunstable 


- 12£- 


53% 


Brickhill - 


- 9*- 


A3$ 


Stoney Stratford 


- 9 


• 52£ 


Towcester 


- 7| - 


60 


Daventry 


- 12 - 


72 


Dunsmoor Heath 


- 14 - 


S4£ 


Coventry 


- 5£. 


90 


Stone Bridge 


- 8* - 


98£ 


Birmingham - 


- 10 - 


108£ 


Wednesbury 


- 8 - 


11G£ 


Wolverhampton 


■ 6£ - 


123 


Shiffnal, Shrops. - 


- 11 - 


134 


Watling Street 


- 7 ■ 


111 


Shrewsbury - » 


- 11 - 


152 


Nesscliff - - - 


. 9 ■ 


161 

b 3 



xvi ITINERARY OP ROUTES, &c 

Miles. Inns, 

Oswestry - - -9-170 Foxes, Cross Keys. 

Chirck, Denbighs* - 6 - 176 

Llangollen - - -7-185 Hand Inn, King's Head. 

Corwen - - - 10^ - 193£ 

Cernioge Moor - - 15 . 206 J 

Bettws - - - 9 - 215£ 

Capel Cerrig - - 5 - 220^ 

Tyn-y Maes - • 8J - 229 

Bangor - - - 7 - 256 Castle. 

Menai Bridge - - - 2 - 258 

Caer Mon - - . 9j| - 247^ 

Holyhead - h - 2 - 249£ Eagle and Child, Hibernian Hotel. 

At Birmingham the public buildings possess but compa- 
ratively little interest to what the manufactories present, 
especially that of Messrs, Bolton and Watt, named So/io, 
which is an immense edifice, capable of accommodating 
1,000 workmen. The buildings most deserving notice are, 
St. Philip's Church, that of St. George (just completed), 
the New Baths ; the General Hospital $ the Theatre, to 
which are attached Assembly Rooms, and an hotel ; the 
two Public Libraries, and one or two others. In the 
Market Place is a fine statue of Lord Nelson by Westma- 
colt, erected in 1809. The population is about 107,000. 

Wolverhampton is noted for its manufactories of 
locks, japanned ware, &c. and lead furnaces. It is a very 
considerable place, having a population of nearly 37,000 
inhabitants. There are two churches — St. Peter's Colle- 
giate Church, and that of St. John, and three Episcopal 
chapels, besides meeting-houses. The country in the 
vicinity is remarkably beautiful. 

Shrewsbury is seated on a peninsula formed by the 
Severn, and although not a handsome town ontains some 
objects worth viewing, — the Castle, the Abbey Church, 
St. Mary's, St. Chad's (a circular building, 100 feet in 
diameter), St. Giles's, the County Hall, and Gaol, and St. 
Chad's Walk, a delightful promenade along the banks of 
the Severn. The population is between 19,000 and 20,000. 
About a mile from Shrewsbury is a lofty column, erected 
to commemorate Lord Hill's achievements in the Penin- 
sula war. It is of the Grecian Doric Order, and has a 
statue of his Lordship on its summit. 

Oswestry stands on an eminence near the canal which 



ITINERARY OP ROUTES, &c. Xvii 

unites the rivers Severn and Mersey. This town, which 
possesses a population of between ?,000 and 8,000, has a 
Town-hall, Free Grammar-School, and Theatre. Races 
are held here in September. 

Two miles from this place are the ruins of JVhittington 
Castle, situated on the borders of a lake. And about one 
mile from it, on the road to Llangollen, is an ancient 
British military station, on an insulated eminence of an 
oblong form, surrounded by two ramparts, and fosses of 
great height and depth. This place is called Old Oswestry. 

Chirk is a considerable village in Denbighshire, re- 
markable for the beauty of the scenery in the environs. 
In the vicinity of this place is a magnificent aqueduct, 
constructed for the purpose of carrying the Ellesmere 
Canal across a deep ravine. The length of the iron work 
is 1,007 feet ; the height from the surface of the rock, on 
the south side of the river, 126 feet 8 inches. The breadth 
of the water-way within the iron-work is 1 1 feet 10 inches. 
The number of stone pillars, besides the abutments, is 18. 
This noble work was executed under the direction of Mr. 
Telford, the engineer. Chirk Castle is an ancient castel- 
lated mansion belonging to the Myddleton family 3 the 
picture-gallery, which is 100 feet long by 22 wide, con- 
tains some valuable paintings. There is a very extensive 
prospect from the eminence on which this noble pile is 
seated. 

Llangollen is a small and mean town, but its Vale and 
the vicinity are celebrated for their romantic beauty. Not 
far from his place is Vale Crucis Abbey, a singularly 
beautiful ruin. 

Capel Ceprig, or Curig, in Caernarvonshire, is a 
romantic spc f hat cannot fail to delight the admirer of 
fine natural Scenery. The vale is bounded by Snowdon 
and the surrounding mountains, which here burst full 
upon the view, and present an alpine prospect. There is 
an excellent inn, built by Lord Penrhyn, whose property 
is situated here -, and it commands a fine view from its 
garden and terrace. 

Bangor is a small city and bishop's see, situated at the 
mouth of the Menai, near its opening to the Lavan sands, 
in a narrow valley, between two low ridges of slate rock, 
opening to the south towards Snowdon, and terminating 



XV1U ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. 

northwards, about half a mile from the Cathedral, in the 
beautiful Bay of Beaumaris. From the church-yard is an 
extensive and delightful view of that bay and the town of 
Beaumaris. The Cathedral is a low, plain, building: the 
present edifice was re-built in the reign of Henry VII., 
having continued in ruins during 90 years, after being 
hurntTdown in 1402, in the rebellion of* Owen Glendower. 
The choir was fitted up in a neat and elegant style by the 
late prelate, Dr. Warren. From the extensive bases of 
Snowdon to Penmaenmawr is a rich and fertile tract of 
grass and corn land, stretching along the windings of the 
-Menai, the mountains in the back-ground irregularly re- 
tiring and advancing, but not so much as to form a vale. 
In the vicinity of Bangor are several elegant villas. 

The Menai Chain Bridge, across the Menai Strait, is 
560 feet wide, 30 in breadth, and 100 above the level of 
the sea at spring tide. 

Two miles from Bangor, is Penrhyn Castle, built about 
the reign of Henry VI., on the site of a palace belonging 
to Roderic Mwynog, in the 8th century. This mansion 
was modernized and improved from the designs of the late 
James Wyatt, architect, and the buildings inclose a large 
quadrangle, with a gateway, tower, &c. The stables are 
inferior to none in the kingdom, either for elegance or ac- 
commodation. The entrance to the Park is a noble gate- 
Avay, in the form of a Roman triumphal arch. 

Holyhead, which is situated on an island at the north- 
west corner of Anglesea, has a handsome Church, an As- 
sembly Room, a Light-house, and a convenient harbour 
and pier. The promontory called the Head is a vast pre- 
cipice, hollowed into caverns by the sea. One of the most 
remarkable of these caverns is that known by the name of 
the " Parliament House/' which is accessible only by 
boats, at half-ebb tide. Here the vault is formed by ap- 
parent arches of various forms supported on columns, so 
as to produce an astonishing scene. The high cliff affords 
shelter to numbers of birds ; and on the summits of the 
loftiest crags lurks the peregrine falcon, whose eggs are 
highly esteemed by the epicure, and are sought for, by per- 
sons who pursue this difficult and perilous trade, being let 
down by ropes from the precipice to the nests of the birds. 
The passage from this place to Ireland is considered safer 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES &c. xix 

than that from Liverpool. In stormy weather packets have 
been kept at sea two or three days ; but in favourable wea- 
ther the passage is generally performed in nine hours, and 
sometimes even in six. The light of the Light-house is at 
an elevation of 200 feet above the level of the sea, and is 
visible over the whole of Caernarvon Bay. 

The two principal hotels in Holyhead are, Spencer's, 
The Royal Mail Coach Office, and Moran's The Royal 
Hibernian Hotel. To one or other of these, all the mail 
and stage coaches go. The London mail arrives at present 
at six in the morning, and the coaches generally in the 
evening ; allowing* travellers to Ireland time for a night's 
rest, before sailing. [For Packets, see p. xxiii.] 

Route from London to Bristol, 

Miles. Inns, 

Brentford - - 7 

Hounslow - - - 2£ - 9£ 

Colnbrook - - « 7 - 16£ George, White Hart. 

Maidenhead - - - 9£ - 26 Sun. 

Reading - - - 13 - 39 Bear, George, Crown. 

Woolhampton » -10-49 Angel. 

Newbury - - 6£ - 55£ 

Hungerford - - - 8£ - 64 Black Bear, Angel. 

Froxfield - - 3 - 67 

Marlborough - - 7 - 74 Castle, Marlborough Aims. 

Calne - - - - 13 - 87 Catherine Wheel, White Hart. 

Chippenham * - 5£ - 92£ Angel, White Hart. 

Box - - - 7 - 99£ 

Bath - - 6 - 105£ Lamb, Greyhound, York Hotel, &c. 

Keynsham - - - 7£ « 115 

Bristol , - .6-119 j Bu *< ™; ^ Wte Hart > Fu " 

c Moon, W r hite Lion. 

Reading, tlie county town of Berkshire, is a place of 
great antiquity, having been of importance so far back as 
the time of the Saxons, but contains few objects of in- 
terest. The principal are— the Town-hall, the County 
Gaol, and St. Mary's Church, which latter has a beautiful 
tower. The population is nearly 13,000. There are 
races on Bull-Marsh Heath on the third Tuesday in 
August, and the two following days. 

Newbury is noted in our annals as having been the 
scene of two severe actions between Charles I., and the 



XX ITINERARY OP ROUTES, &c. 

Parliamentary army, in 1643 and 1644, in both which the 
king commanded his troops in person ; and near this town 
is Shaw-house, in which Charles held his head quarters at 
the time of the second battle. The population is upwards 
of 5,000. 

Marlborough, in Wiltshire, is an ancient town, with a 
population of 3,000 inhabitants. Here are two churches, 
St. Mary's, near the centre of the town, and St. Peter's at 
the West end ; a Market-house containing a Council and 
Assembly-room, &c. ; a County Gaol, &c. 

Chippenham, is seated on the Avon, across which is a 
handsome stone bridge. Four miles from this place is 
Corsham-house, a very handsome structure, in the later 
style of Gothic architecture, yet not so much deserving 
notice on this account as for the valuable collection of 
pictures it contains. 

Bath, so deservedly celebrated for the regularity and 
general beauty of its architecture, being built almost en- 
tirely of stone, presents a variety of structures which can- 
not here be particularized. Those to which the attention 
of a visitor should be principally directed, are, the Abbey 
Church or Cathedral, a beautiful specimen of the florid 
Gothic, finished in 1582; Bathwick Church, a modern 
Gothic structure; Walcot Church ; the Guildhall, in High- 
street; the Theatre, erected 1805; the Assembly Rooms, 
the Bath Literary Institution, the Circus, the Royal Cre- 
scent, also Queen-square, the North and South Parades, 
Sydney Gardens, &c. The population is nearly 3/,000. 

There are four Public Baths, viz. the King's, the 
Queen's, the Hot, and the Cross Bath. Also two Private 
Baths, viz. in Stall-street, and those erected on the site 
of the Abbey-house, by the Duke of Kingston. Attached 
to the King's and Queen's Baths is the Pump-room, a 
very handsome structure, where a band performs for the 
entertainment of the visitors, during the season, which 
is in spring and autumn. The races are held in Sep- 
tember, on Lansdown Hill. 

Bristol, the second commercial port in Great Britain, 
has a population of about 53,000 inhabitants, and carries 
on an extensive trade with Ireland, the West Indies, Spain, 
and Portugal. It has likewise numerous manufactories. 
Besides the Cathedral, which presents some fine speci- 



ITINERARY OP ROUTES, &c. XXi 

mens of Gothic architecture, there are nineteen churches, 
the most remarkable of which is that of St. Mary Red- 
cliffe, one of the noblest parochial churches in the king- 
dom. The Bishop's Palace, the City Library, the Com- 
mercial Rooms in Corn -street, a handsome Ionic building, 
the Docks, Harbour, &c. are also well worthy a stranger's 
inspection. The Assembly-room, in King-street has a 
handsome stone front, with four Corinthian columns, and 
a pediment. In this city are several squares : the prin- 
cipal ones are — Queen's, St. James's, Portland, Somerset, 
and Berkeley squares. In the centre of QueenVsquare, 
which is the largest, is an equestrian statue of William III, 
by Rysbrack, 

Among the literary and historical associations connected 
with this city, the name of Chatterton (born here in 1752) 
is most prominent ; and in the porch of St. Mary's Red- 
cliffe is the room where he pretended to have discovered 
the poems which he gave to the world as the original 
compositions of Rowley, a Bristowyan monk of the \ 5th 
century. In the Cathedral, too, is the monument of Mrs. 
Draper, immortalized by Sterne under the name of his 
Eliza ; and in St. Mary's Redcliffe is that of Sir W. Penn, 
father of the celebrated founder of Pennsylvania. Bristol 
is also interesting as the birth-place of Dr. Southey, 
Mrs. Robinson, and Ann Yearsley. 

About a mile from the city is the romantic village of 
Clifton, seated on a hanging rock above the Avon. The 
hot-wells at this place are a great resort for invalids. 

Having thus conducted the traveller to Liverpool, Holy- 
head, and Bristol, we shall now notice the packets-that sail 
from each of those places, in the same order. 



PACKETS TO DUBLIN. 



Steam-packets from Liverpool, — viz. the city of Dub- 
lin Steam-Packet Company's Office, No. 18 Water-street ; 
the St. George Company s Office, 19 Water-street \ and the 
Dublin and Liverpool Steam Navigation Company's Office, 
No. 10 Water-street. The vessels connected with the 
first mentioned office, are— 



XX11 ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c 

The H Hernia, of upwards of 309 tons, with two engines 
of 70 horse power each, launched in 1825. This vessel 
carries passengers only. 

The City of Dublin, 300 tons, with two engines of 65 
horse power each, carrying passengers and merchandise. 

The Town of Liverpool, of the same tonnage and power 
as the City of Dublin, also carrying passengers and mer- 
chandize. 

A new vessel of the same tonnage and power as the Hi- 
bernia, called the Britannia, will shortly commence sailing 
between Liverpool and Dublin ; and it is intended that 
one or other of these two should sail from Liverpool every 
evening (Sundays excepted) at 8 o'clock. 

The "City of Dublin and Town of Liverpool, sail alter- 
nately every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, at 8 
o'clock in the evening. The cabin fares in all these ves- 
sels, are one guinea each person, and 2*. 6d. for the steward. 
The fare in the steerage is half a guinea each, and on the 
deck 5 shillings. Children under ten years of age, half- 
price. A four-wheeled carriage is charged 3 guineas, a 
two-wheeled carriage 2 guineas, horses 2 guineas each. 
(No charge for shipping or landing the above.) Passen- 
gers are landed at the Custom House Quay, Dublin ; from 
whence, hackney-coaches or jaunting cars may be had to 
any part of Dublin. The office in Dublin for these 
packets, is at No. 17, Eden Quay. 

The vessels connected with the office of St. George's 
Company, are, 

The St. George of 300 tons, with two engines of 60 
horse power each. This sails for Dublin every Monday, 
Wednesday, and Friday, two hours before high-water, and 
lands her passengers at Kingstoun Harbour, from whence 
they are conveyed to Dublin, free of expense ; or, should 
the* tide and weather permit, they are landed at the Custom 
House Quay in Dublin. 

The Emerald Isle, of 400 tons, with two engines of 75 
horse power each, sails for Dublin every Saturday, landing 
her passengers at Kingstoun Harbour, from whence, to 
Dublin, they are conveyed free of expense. 

Two fine new steam packets, callecl the Lord Blaney and 
the St. Patrick, will shortly be started by the St. George 
Company, between Liverpool and Dublin. Office in Dub- 
lin, No. 2, Lower Abbey-street. 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c XXlil 

The fares in the above vessels are exactly the same as 
those of the City of Dublin Steam-packet Company, and 
therefore need not be repeated here. 

The third office, that of the Dublin and Liverpool Steam 
Navigation Company, has three vessels, the Liffey, the 
Mersey, and the Mom ; one of these sails every day for 
Dublin, except Sundays, carrying passengers and mer- 
chandize, and landing at the Custom House Quay, Dub- 
lin : the fares are the same as those of the two former- 
mentioned companies. Office in Dublin, No. 12, Eden 
Quay. 

Packets from Holyhead. — The present Post-office 
packets are, the Harlequin, the Cinderella, and the 
j4laddi?i. One of these sails every morning at half past 
six, or thereabouts, having sometimes to wait a short time 
for the Chester mail. The vessels come close up to the 
quay, allowing passengers to go on board without 
having need of small boats ; and the cabin fares are one 
guinea, with 2s. 6d. to the first steward, and one shilling 
to the second. The steerage fare is five shillings each. 
Servants half price. 

The Post-office packets land the mail and passengers at 
Howth harbour, situated seven miles from Dublin, where 
a stage coach is always waiting their arrival to convey pas- 
sengers to Dublin, and a mail coach, for the mails, and 
those passengers who are quick enough to avail themselves 
of it. The charges by these coaches are 3s. 6d. each person. 

Besides these there are commonly a number of jaunting 
cars in waiting, the drivers of which will undertake to 
carry from four to six persons, with their luggage, if not 
bulky : with these it will be necessary for the traveller to 
make a bargain for the cost of the journey to Dublin, and 
he must not be surprised at being asked considerably 
more than will ultimately be taken. Strange as these 
vehicles appear to the eye of the traveller, he will find 
them, in good weather, a very pleasant conveyance to the 
city. 

Travellers wishing to stay at Howth to rest after the 
fatigue of the voyage, will find an excellent hotel there, 
kept by Mr. IVPDowell ; who can supply them with capital 
post chaises to Dublin, 



XXIV ITINERARY OP ROUTES, &c. 

Packets from Bristol. — Since the establishment of 
steam-packets, numbers of travellers have annually visited 
Dublin by way of Bristol, There are at present, two 
vessels on this station, the Emerald Isle, and the Pal- 
merston. 

The Emerald Isle, of 400 tons and two engines of 75 
horse power each, sails for Dublin every Wednesday, two 
hours before high water, carrying" passengers only. The 
fares are in the cabin 2^ guineas, steerage XL lis. 6d., 
and deck 15,?.; a four-wheeled carriage 6 guineas, two- 
wheeled do. 4 guineas, horses 4 guineas each, and 
dogs 7s. 6d. 

The P aimer ston of 180 tons, with two engines of 45 
horse power each, leaves Bristol every Tuesday, carrying 
passengers only, and landing at Sir John Rogerson's Quay, 
Dublin. The fares for passengers, carriages, &e. are ex- 
actly the same as those of the Emerald Isle. The agent 
for both these vessels in Bristol is Mr. R. Smart, No. 1, 
Quay Head; and in Dublin, for the Emerald Isle, H. 
Hayes, No. 2, Lower Abbey-street ; and for the Palmer- 
ston, C. and R. Elliott, Sackville-street. 



GEN ERAL OBSERVATIONS. 

Supposing the traveller to have arrived at any of the ports 
mentioned above, on his way to Dublin, his first care 
should be to seem e his birth, as, from the great number 
of passengers constantly going and returning, he may 
otherwise have to take up his quarters on the cabin-floor. 
At the respective ( ffices, he will always find a plan of the 
vessels, with the births numbered, and on making his selec- 
tion and paying his fare, he will receive a ticket, which 
he should be careful in preserving, as it will be asked for 
again before he leaves the vessel. 

Some years ago, when only sailing packets were on 
these stations, the cares of the tourist were further in- 
creased by his having to supply himself with provisions 
for the voyage, which it was always difficult for him to do 
properly, "as he could not calculate on the probable length 
of its duration ; but the great certainty with which steam- 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c, XXV 

packets now make their voyages, and the exceHentaccom- 
modations, both as to provisions, and wines, spirits, &c., 
have now rendered this unnecessary, and he will find every 
thing he can want on board, supplied at moderate charges. 
Ladies are now, for the most part, waited upon by female 
stewards, who have become as inured to the sea as the 
sailors themselves. 

The changing of money, whilst only paper was in cir- 
culation, was another great inconvenience which is now 
also very nearly done away with. The notes of the Bank of 
England were current in Dublin, but their precise value 
was not fixed, as it varied sometimes above, sometimes 
below, and at other times was exactly at par, which was 8 J 
percent, or 2ls. ScL for the English pound. Sovereigns 
having now taken the place of paper, and English coinage 
having been ordered by government to be received always 
at par in Ireland, the only thing the traveller now has to 
care for is, that he should receive 21s. Sd. Irish money 
for his sovereign, 5s. 5d. for his crown piece, 2s. 8Jf/. for 
his half crown, and Is. Id. for his shilling, and that he 
should bear this in mind in making his payments in Ire- 
land. Even this will shortly be done away with, as the cur- 
rency of England and Ireland is ordered by government to 
be assimilated early in the ensuing year, and the coinage 
will then be the same. 

The detention at Custom-houses, and the searching of 
the luggage of passengers was another grievance, pecu- 
liarly "disagreeable after the fatigues of a sea voyage : 
this is now quite removed, since the taking off of the 
cross-channel duties, and the passenger may land at once 
without delay. Officers have still the power, however, to 
inspect the luggage, if they suspect any thing contraband 
to be concealed in it. To the experienced traveller, it is 
not necessary to recommend to keep an account of, and a 
good look-out after his packages, &c. 

It would be an ungracious office, where there are so 
many good hotels as in Dublin, to select any for recom- 
mendation before others ; a list of the principal of them 
is here given, leaving the traveller to make his own choice. 
He will find civility and moderate charges in all of them. 



XXVI ITINERARY OF ROUTES, te 

HOTELS IN DUBLIN. 

Arthur Morrison Dawson-street. 

Thomas Gresham • • • • 2, Upper Sackville-street. 

William Tuthill 51 , Dawson-street. 

Christopher Bilton 51, Sackville-street. 

Peter Dunne * 19, Do. 

William Ryland ■ 45, Do. 

Martin Ryan • 154, G. Britain-street. 

Michael Hynes 46, Capel-street. 

Garret Cavanagh . ♦ • » • • • • »24, Stephen's green. 

Joseph Dollard 2, Bolton-street. 

Patrick Dwyer •••• 51, Exchequer-street. 

Henry Mac Ardell , . . . . 41, Do. 

Alexander Dempster • 25, Bride-street. 

Patrick Coyle »..••••••. . • Essex-street. 

Matthew Crosbie 14, Sackville-street. 

Thomas Macken ».....«....• 12, Dawson-street. 

William Heron • • • » « Portobello. 

Joseph Abbot . &J y Dawson-street. 

Ann Mitchell • « Bridge-street. 

John Corbally u .......... . 15, Boot-lane. 

Edward Oxford 38, Kildare-street. 

George Elvidge 28, Frederick-street. 

Andrew Farrell 1, Dorset-street. 

George Jones * 17, Sackville-street. 

Sarah Wilson * • 97, Capel-street. 

Francis Jones « 47, Dawson-street. 

James PvJeade • • • • 6, Bolton-street. 



PERAMBULATIONS OF DUBLIN, 

Or Guide to all the Principal Public Buildings, Squares, 
Streets, and other objects which are deserving- of the atten- 
tion of Visitors to the City of Dublin. The Four Perambu- 
lations traced out for the Stranger, may be performed in 
four days, or in a shorter space if his time be limited ; 
but will admit of being dwelt on much longer should the 
convenience of the Tourist admit. 
The Visitor is here supposed to reside in Sackville-street, 

where there are several excellent hotels , but the directions 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c XXVU 

are equally applicable should he happen to lodge in Daw- 
son-street, another avenue well supplied with good hotels, 
or any of the leading streets. 

First Perambulation. — Let the Visitor, in Sackville- 
street, direct his attention to the great extent of this 
noble avenue, the splendor of the houses, formerly the 
mansions of the Irish nobility, Nelson's Pillar, the Post- 
office (p. 165), the Dublin Institution (p. 40), the Club- 
house, the Friendly Brother's-house, the Medical-hall, &c. ; 
at the north end of the street see the Rotunda-rooms, and 
Lying-in-hospital (p. 210). Passing down Great Britain- 
street, turn on the R. up Granby-row, into Palace-row, 
see here Lord Charlemont's town residence (p. 153), con- 
taining some valuable paintings, &c.[; then proceed up Gar- 
diner's-row, by Belvidere-house, into Gardiner's-place, and 
thence into Mountjoy-square ; afterwards down Gardiner- 
street, to the Custom-house (p. 172), which is seen stand- 
ing at the termination of this fine vista. Having visited 
the Long-room in the Custom-house, the stranger should 
next inspect the Docks and Stores, from whence there is a 
delightful ride or walk along the North Quay to the 
Light-house. -— Returning by the same beautiful pro- 
menade pass the front of the Custom-house, and reaching 
Marlborough-street, pass up to its intersection with 
Abbey-street, then turn to the L. opposite to the Wesleyan 
Chapel, and visit the Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts 
(p. 238), and so return to Sackville-street. 

Second Perambulation. — Crossing Carlisle-bridge 
(p. 149), pass down Westmorland-street, see on the R. the 
splendid portico of the Bank, which was formerly the prin- 
cipal entrance to the House of Lords : on the L. is the 
College (p. 11), fronting College-green, in the centre of 
which is seen the equestrian statue of William III. Pass- 
ing by the College proceed up Graf ton-street, where on the 
L. is the Provost's-house (p. 19), and, opposite, the Royal 
Irish Academy (p. 39). The first turn on the L. is Nassau- 
street 5 which conducts by Leinster and Clare streets, to 
Merrion-square (p. 141), where on the W. side is a fine 
view of Leinster-house and Lawn ; and at the angle formed 
by the W. and S. sides, there is an extensive view terminated 
in the distance by St. StephenVchape^p.&S); advancing 
thither, Fitzwilliam-street is met, on the R,, which leads 
c3 



XXVui ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &cc. 

to a small but pretty area called Fitzwilliam-square. Passing 
along the E. and S. sides, turn on the L. into Pembroke- 
street, thence into Leeson-street, turning to the R.; then the 
noble square called Stephen's-green is reached (p. 13.9). 
Here, on the S. side, is Mr. Whaley's noble mansion, distin- 
guished by a Lion couchant over the portico ; and on the 
W. Surgeons'-hall, at the corner of York-street (p. 19.9). 
The first turn on the N. is Dawson-street, here see the 
Mansion-house (p. 105), and St. Anne's Church (p. /I); 
and turn on the R. into Moles worth- street, at the end of 
which, but in Kildare-street, stands the Royal Dublin 
Society' s-house, formerly the palace of the Duke of Lein- 
ster (p. 28) ; the L. conducts by the Kildare Club-house, 
into Nassau-street, and on the L. again by Morrison's Hotel 
into Grafton-street ; crossing which, and passing down 
Suffolk-street, visit St. Andrew's, usually called the Round 
Church, and turning to the R. down Church-lane, cross 
by King William's Statue into Foster-place, whence a 
lane at the rear of the National Bank leads into Fleet- 
street, which communicates with Aston's Quay by Price's 
Lane. On the L. here is the Iron-bridge, and on the 
R. Carlisle-bridge, which brings you to Sackville-street 
again. 

Third Perambulation. — The extreme end of Sack- 
ville-street is crossed by Great Britain-street, which con- 
ducts, in front of the Lying-in-hospital, by a long avenue, 
to Capel-street. Simpson's Hospital (p. 131) was passed 
on the R. Nearly opposite to the termination of Great Bri- 
tain-street, in Capel-street, is Little Britain-street, which 
opens to the Fruit Market, and on the R. to Green-street, 
where are Newgate, the Sessions House, the Marshalsea, 
and the Sheriffs' Prison. Passing up Green-street, turn 
to the L. down King-street-walk - 3 on the R» Linen-hall 
street leads to the Linen-hall (p. 186), and on the L. is 
Anne-street, where there is a very beautiful Roman Ca- 
tholic chapel (p. 89). Proceeding again by King-street, 
pass Smithfield, the great Cattle Market, and arriving at 
St. Paul's Church (p. 79), turn on the L. down Blackhall- 
place to the Bluc-coat-hospital (p. 1.94), fronting a noble 
avenue, Blackhall-street ; cross the front of the Hospital, 
and pass down Wood-lane into Barrack-street, turn to the 
R. and see the Royal Barracks ; thence up Barrack-street, 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &fc xxi* 

Phoenix-street, to the Phcenix-park, where are the Wel- 
lington Testimonial in front, and the Royal Infirmary on the 
R. (p. 225) : and drive to the Lord Lieutenant's Lodge and 
Phoenix Column. Return to town by the North Circular* 
road (the approach by which his Majesty was conducted 
to visit the city), down Eccles-street and Temple-street, 
and passing George's Church, at the end of Upper Tem- 
ple-street, turn to the R. into Rutland-square, and so back 
to Sackville-street again. 

Fourth Perambulation. — Passing over Carlisle-bridge 
and down Westmorland-street, turn on the R. into College- 
green, where are, on the R. the Bank of Ireland (p. 22), 
on the L. the Royal Arcade, and farther on the R., the 
Commercial Buildings (p. 1 78). Shortly after Dame-street 
ds entered : the second turn on the L. is Palace-street, 
which communicates with the Lower Castle-yard, where 
are the Chapel (p. 8), the old Treasury, &c. ; the arch- 
way on the top of the hill on the R. leads into the Upper 
Castle-yard. The great gate on the R. leads into Castle- 
street ; on the R. stands the Royal Exchange, on the L. 
Newcomen's Bank (now closed), and in front is Cork-hill. 
Turning to the L. up Castle-street, proceed to its intersec- 
tion witii Werburgh's and Fishamble streets, and see to the 
R. the old Cathedral of Christ Church. Then turn on the L. 
into Werburgh's-street, pass St. Werburgh's Church on 
the L., advance to Bricle-street, pass St. Bride's Church on 
the R., and the second turn on the R. leads to St. Patrick's 
Cathedral (p. 42) $ from the grand entrance turn onto the L«, 
and then the first street on the R. (the Cross Poddle), leads 
to the Coombe, see the Weaver's Hall (p. 109) on the R. 
and St. Luke's Church on the L. Meath-street on the R. 
conducts to Thomas-street ; turn to the L., pass St. Cathe- 
rine's Church, and proceed onward to the Obelisk, see St. 
James's Church (p. 78) on the R. ; here James-street on the 
L. leads to the Foundling Hospital (p. 228), and Bow-lane; 
on the R. to Swift's, Steevens's, and the Royal Hospital. 
After visiting the last-mentioned place (the residence of 
the Commander of the Forces), return through the Hos- 
pital-fields, on the bank of the river Liffey, and reach the 
Quay Walls by the beautiful castellated entrance at Bar- 
rack-bridge. Advance towards the mouth of the river, 
along Usher's Island, pass Moira House, now the Mendi* 



XXX ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. 

city Society, proceed by either side of the river, and visit 
the Four Courts, finely situated on the Inns' Quay. Then, 
still pursuing the bank of the river, pass Essex-bridge, 
Iron-bridge, see the Merchants' Hall on As ton's Quay, 
and arrive at Carlisle-bridge and Sackville-street once 
more. In the course of these four perambulations, the 
stranger will have an opportunity of viewing every impor- 
tant or interesting object in the city. 

After satisfying his curiosity in Dublin, should time 
permit him to extend his tour in the country, the tourist 
will find much to interest, amuse, and astonish him. 

A few days tour in the adjoining Count// of Wichlow, 
would amply repay him, by views of the finest scenery 
in Ireland. 

The Lakes of Killarney, situated about 200 English 
miles from Dublin, have, for a long period, attracted tra- 
vellers from all parts of the empire, and are well worthy 
attention. 

The stupendous work of nature, the Giant's Causeicay, 
in the north of Ireland, has long been considered one of 
the most interesting sights in the world ; and travellers 
who wish to return by way of Scotland, will lose but very 
little time by visiting it. To go back by Scotland, the 
tourist must go to Belfast, from whence packets sail seve- 
ral times a week for Greenock and Glasgow. A mail- 
coach leaves Belfast for Donaghadee every morning on the 
arrival of the Dublin mail, and from thence the traveller 
may go to Port Patrick, by the recently-established Post- 
office steam packets, in two or three hours. 

Belfast is 100 English miles from Dublin, and the 
Giant's Causeway is about 60 English miles north of Bel- 
fast, to which town the traveller must again return. 

To these three principal pleasure tours in Ireland guides 
may be had, written by the author of the following sheets, 
in which every thing of interest is pointed out, accompa- 
nied by several views of the most remarkable scenery. 
For particulars of these guides, see the advertisement at 
the end of the volume. 

Having thus pointed out to the tourist the parts of the 
country most likely to interest him, the following routes 
are annexed, to conduct him to Cork, Belfast, or Donagh- 
adee, as the places from which he is most likely to em- 
bark on taking leave of Ireland. 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. 

Route from Dublin to Cork. 
1. through Clonmel. — 2. through Cashel. 



From Dublin 






From Dublin 






m. 


/• 




m. /. 


To Rathcoole 


- 8 









— Naas 


- 7 


4 






— Kilcullen 


- 5 


5 






— Athy , - 


- 12 





To Athy - 


- 12 


— Castlecomer - 


- 12 


5 


— Stradbally 


- 6 5 


— Kilkenny - 


- 9 


4 


— Abbyleix 


- 11 


— Callan 


- 7 


7 


— Durrow 


-50 


— « Clonmel 


- 16 


3 


— Johns! own - 


- 8 


— Clogheen 


- 11 


4 


— Littleton 


- 8 


~ Kilworth 


- 11 


4 


— Cashel 


- 8 7 


— Fermoy 


- 2 


5 


— Caher - 


- 8 6 


— Rathcormuck 


- 3 


5 


— Mitehelstown 


- 15 7 


-* Cork - 


- 13 


1 


— i Fermoy 


- 8 2 








— Rathcormuck - 


- 3 5 




121 


7 


— Cork • 


- 15 5 



130 6 

Naas, the County-town of Kildare, is situated on a 
branch of the Grand Canal, has a barrack and strong jail, 
and a population of 3,073 persons, with 547 houses. Near 
Naas are the ruins of Jigginstown Castle, built by the 
unfortunate Earl of Strafford. 

Athy, an ancient borough-town, is pleasantly situated 
on the river Barrow, and contains a population of about 
5,000 souls : near it are the ruins of some religious esta- 
blishments of very early foundation. 

Castlecomer is a neat village, much improved by the 
protection and bounty of the Countess of Ormond, who 
constantly resides at her beautiful seat near that place. 
Its population amounts to 1,000 souls. 

Kilkenny contains some splendid monastic remains. 
The Cathedral Church of St. Canice, with its many ancient 
tombs ; the Black Abbey and St. John's ; and the noble 
castle of the Marquis of Ormond, hanging over the river 
Nore, are all deserving of the traveller's notice. There is 
a gallery of paintings in Ormond Castle, and some well- 
executed tapestry was preserved there. The College of 
Kilkenny has a deservedly high character as a ClassjcaJ 

«- c 5 



XXX11 ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &e. 

Seminary. The population of the county of the city of 
Kilkenny amounts to 23,230 souls. The staple manufac- 
ture is blankets. 

Clonmel is a flourishing town, advantageously situated 
on the noble river Suir, by which a brisk trade is carried 
on with Waterford ; part of the town is in Tipperary, and 
part in Waterford county. The population is returned 
at 15,590 inhabitants. Here are several Charitable Insti- 
tutions, Schools, Asylums, and Hospitals, and near it is 
Knocklofty, the seat of Earl Donoughmore. 

The town of Fermoy, the creation of the enterprising 
Mr. Anderson, is prettily situated on the river Blackwater. 
The streets are wide and regular ; the houses well built, 
and there are extensive barracks here, and a pretty church. 
The mansion of the founder is seen on the river side in 
a sheltered situation. Here is a classical school of cha- 
racter, and an extensive brewery and corn stores. The 
population amounts to 6,702. 

The City of Cork stands on an island in the river Lee ; 
the county of the city contains 22 parishes, either whole 
or in part, with 100,658 inhabitants, and 12,202 houses. 
It has many charitable and useful Institutions, a Found- 
ling Hospital, several Charity Schools, a Literary Institu- 
tion, a Cathedral (St. Finbar's), a Theatre and Assembly 
Rooms; the Commercial Buildings, a handsome modern 
structure, to which a good ftotel is attached; the 
Exchange, an old building ; some good streets, the Mall 
particularly, and a pleasant walk, the Mardyke Parade. 
The new jail is also handsome. Cork has always been a 
place of much commercial importance, owing to its 
Harbour, called the Cove of Cork, seven miles below the 
city ; here is a natural Basin of deep water, capable of 
floating the whole British Navy, completely land-locked 
and guarded at its narrow entrance by strong batteries. 
This was the port which Lord Minto prophesied was to 
become the emporium of Europe, if the union of Ireland 
with Great Britain should be accomplished. Steam-boats 
sail from Cork to Cove every day, by Black-rock and 
Passage, between sloping hills highly cultivated and 
beautified by elegant seats both of the retired merchants 
and the county gentry, who have gathered from the 
interior to those very beautiful Marine Villas. 



ITINERARY OP ROUTES, &c. 



XXXlll 



The principal places on the Cashel-line are, Cashel, 
Caher, and Mitchelstown. The first is famous for the 
noblest collection of ruins in Ireland, boldly situated on 
a lofty rock. 

Cormac : the chapel is of very early date. There is a 
new Cathedral here, and a Charter School for 66 boys. 
The population amounts to 5,974 souls. 

Caher is an improving town, having a handsome new 
Church and R. C. Chapel. Lord Glengall resides here. 
There is a spinning-school in the Market house. The 
population is 3,288 persons : the number of houses 536. 

Mitchelstown is remarkable for a range of buildings, 
called Lord Kingston's Charities, and his Lordship's resi- 
dence adjacent to the town : it contains about 4,000 
inhabitants. 

Route from Dublin to Belfast and Donaghadee, 



Old Road, 


New Line* Dublin to 


Drumcondra **v 




m. f. 


Swords J 


Finglass - - 


* 2 


Man-of-War W 


Ashbourne - 


- 8 


Balruddery N> 24 miles Duleek - 


-90 


Balbriggan £ 


Drogheda 


- 2 


Gillingstown \ 


Dunleer 


- 6 7 


Drogheda J 


Castle Bellingham 


- 3 7 




Lurgan Green - 


- 2 7 




Dundalk 


- 3 3 




Newry - 


- 9 7 




Lough brickland 


- 7 7 




Banbridge 


- 2 1 




Dromore 


5 4 




Hillsborough • 


• 3 3 




Lisburn 


. 3 5 




Belfast - 


- 7 



80 miles 



77 6 



Belfast to Donaghadee. 



From Belfast to Newtonards 
Newtonards to Donaghadee 



m. f. 
7 4 
7 1 



c6 



14 5 



XXXIV ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. 

The New Line passes through a bleak country ; there is 
a comfortable inn with post-horses, at Ashbourne, but no 
village. Duleek, on the Nanny- Water, is a small village : 
near it is the seat of Garnet, Esq. 

Drogheda is an old walled town, and one of the gates 
is in good preservation. It stands on the river Boyne, 
and is partly in Meath, and partly in Louth Counties. Tt 
has a tolerable trade, about 3,500 houses, and 18,000 in- 
habitants. Here is a handsome Church, St. Peter's, a 
good Market-house, Exchange, Mansion-house, Assembly 
Rooms, &c. Two miles from this town the famous battle 
of the Boyne was fought, at Oldbridge, where an Obelisk 
stands to commemorate the victory : there is an agreeable 
ride along the banks of the river towards this spot. 

Castle-Bellingham is a pretty village, containing a 
population of about 600 souls, and is remarkable for the 
Ale Brewery. 

Duxdalk, the county-town of Louth, is a large busy 
town, containing J, 500' houses and 10,000 inhabitants. 
Lord Roden has a mansion here, and the Court House is 
one of the most chaste specimens of genuine Grecian 
architecture in the kingdom. Excellent accommodation 
for travellers to be had here. A Classical School of very 
high character is established at this place. 

Newry is a neat Borough and Market Town, in the 
Lordship of Newry, seated on the Newry water, and 
having a communication with Lough Neagh by means of 
the Newry Canal. The population of the Lordship is 
10,186, and of the town 7>470. There is a pleasant ex- 
cursion hence to Rosstrevor, a picturesque watering-place 
upon Carlingford Bay. Here are many beautiful demesnes 
and lodges let during the summer season. There are 
good Inns and accommodation for travellers at Newry, 
and cars for hire to make excursions to Rosstrevor and 
the mountain scenery in the vicinity. 

The town of Hillsborough, containing 207 houses 
and 1,428 inhabitants, is extremely neat and well situated. 
Here is the splendid mansion of "the Marquis of Down- 
shire, and a Church remarkable for its three steeples, the 
central one being about 180 feet in height; within are 
some specimens of stained glass. There is a good inn at 
this place. 



ITINERARY OF ROUTES, &c. XXXV 

Lisburn, in the County Antrim, is deserving the appel- 
lation of a very interesting town : it is well built, well 
situated, has rather an English character, prettily laid 
out Public Gardens, a handsome Church with a steeple 
and spire : considerable trade is carried on here : the 
population is 4,684. 

Belfast, the most commercial town in the province of 
Ulster, contains about 40,000 inhabitants. It is chiefly 
the Estate of the Marquis of Donegal. The streets are 
wide and regularly disposed. There is one handsome 
Square, a Church and a Chapel of Ease, and numerous 
Meeting-Houses. The Academic Institution is a Seminary 
of very rising reputation. The Belfast Academy is a 
school of established character. The public buildings, 
with few exceptions, are of brick. There is a tolerable 
Theatre, Commercial Buildings, and an admirable Reading 
Room, an old Exchange, Workhouse, Infirmary, &c. 
Private Banks, good Hotels, Steam Packets to Liverpool 
and Glasgow, conveyances of various descriptions to the 
scenery of Antrim coast-and the county of Down. There 
are also two Newspapers supported here.. In the neigh- 
bourhood are the curious caverns in Cave Hill, and an 
excursion along the margin of Belfast Lough may be 
made with advantage on a tour to" Cave Hill. The river 
Logan rather runs by than through the town, and is the 
boundary between the Counties Antrim and Down : it is 
an insignificant river. Belfast is not the county-town, 
being of modern origin. Carrickfergus, seven miles dis- 
tant on the northern side of Belfast Lough, still continues 
the Assize town of Antrim. The castle of Carrickfergus 
is an interesting object ; it is very well preserved. 

The Mail proceeds every morning from Belfast to 
Newtonards, thence to Donaghadee, and is conveyed to 
Portpatrick in Steam-boats. 



el 



CORRIGENDA. 



Page 29, line 11, for present, read late. 

32, - - 9, • • Gallaghan, - - Gallagher. 

36, - ■ > 30, - • Cran, - - Crohan. 

51, - - 28, - - Arrasians, • - Arroasians. 

67, - - 22, - - Tunnel, - - Tawney. 

13, - - 9, - - income, - - bequest. 
164, - « 8, Thomas Clarke, Esq. is since deceased. 
196, » » 10, - - present, - - late. 
259, omit last line. 

244, omit Henry Manning's Collection of Pictures. 

245, for Thomas Manning, read Henry. 



ANCIENT HISTORY 

OP 

THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 



THE city of Dublin anciently stood on the south side 
only of the river Anna LifFey, an inconsiderable stream, 
and not far from Dublin Bay. The name Dublin is de- 
rived from Dub-leana, " the place of the black harbour ;" 
and the name of the river from Auin Louifta, u the swift 
river," being merely a mountain torrent. Mac Turkill, 
the Dane, erected a residence on the northern side of the 
river, which was called after the invaders Eastmantown, 
since corrupted into Oxmantown ; but he afterwards 
removed to the southern side. In 11/2 and 3, Henry II. 
erected a temporary palace near the site of St. Andrew's 
Church, where he entertained the Irish princes, and 
received their promise of submission to be governed by 
the laws of England, and held a parliament at the same 
time. — Thirty-seven years after, when King John arrived in 
Dublin, and governed the kingdom in person, he received 
here the homage of many Irish princes, established 
courts of justice, and directed the Bishop of Norwich 
to reduce the coin of Ireland to the English standard.— In 
1216, Henry III. granted Magna Charta to the inhabitants 
of Dublin, and the following year gave the city to the 
citizens, in fee, for 200 marks per annum. Ihe civil 

fovernment of Dublin was formerly committed to a 
'rovost and Bailiffs.— In 3409, Thomas, Duke of Lan- 
caster, the King's son, being Lord Lieutenant, the title 
of the chief magistrate was changed to that of Mayor.*— 
Charles II. granted a company of foot soldiers to attend 
the Mayor, changed the title to Lord Mayor, and gave, 
beside, a pension of 500/. per annum* The first who bore 
b 



2 AtfClERT HISTORY. 

the title of Lord Mayor was Sir Daniel Bellingham. 
Arthur, Earl of Essex, considerably improved the civil 
establishment of Dublin, and George II. regulated the cor- 
poration according to its present form. 

James II. held a parliament in Dublin, for the purpose 
of repealing all the Acts ,pf Settlement ; and with great 
cruelty and dishonour, forced upon the inhabitants the 
basest coin that ever was put into circulation ; he caused 
all the useless brass and pewter in the ordnance stores to 
be melted down, cast, and stamped, and the value of 
each piece was to be estimated by the impress marked 
upon it, not by its real value. His treatment of the 
University exceeded, if possible, the baseness of his 
other acts ; he directed them to receive an inefficient 
person to fill one of their senior fellowships, which they, 
with becoming dignity, resisted, upon which a military 
force was led against them, and many of the members cast 
into prison ; they were, however, after some time, re- 
leased from confinement, on the express condition, that if 
they re-assembled, they should be punished with death. 
The general opinion is, that James intended to convert the 
University into a college of Jesuits. He, however, 
bestowed the Provostship upon Moor, a Popish prelate, 
a man possessed of a great love of letters, and who suc- 
ceeded in preserving the books and manuscripts from the 
hands of the soldiery. About two years after, the in- 
sulted heads of the University had a powerful proof of 
the just punishment that awaits the sinner even in this 
world, in the overthrow of James at the battle of the 
Boyne, and his precipitate flight into France. On this 
occasion, Robert Fitz-Gerald, "ancestor of the Duke of 
Leinster, seized on the city in the name of King William, 
and after expelling all the followers of the misguided 
James, restored the University and civil magistracy into 
the hands of Protestants. 

After the accession of William, Ireland enjoyed almost 
perfect tranquillity for nearly a century. In 1729, an at- 
tempt was made, to supersede the necessity of holding a 
parliament in Ireland, by procuring the supplies for the 
succeeding twenty-one years. Fortunately this attempt 
was frustrated, and the motion lost by a majority of one. 
Parliament then sat in the Jttue^coat Hospital in Oxinau* 



ANCIENT HISTORY. 3 

town Green ; but in that year the first stone was laid of 
the Parliament House in College Green (now the Bank of 
Ireland), when John Lord Carteret was Lord Lieutenant. 
In 1768, Dr. Lucas, representative of the City, framed 
an Act, limiting- the duration of parliament to eight years. 
In 1798, when Lord Camden was chief governor, rebellion 
broke out in the counties of Kildare, Wexford, and Wick- 
low, which extended over the principal part of the king- 
dom before it was suppressed, and during which period 
many persons were executed. 

After a lapse of two years, the rebellion completely 
subsided, but in 1800 the city was thrown into great con- 
fusion and disorder, by the introduction of the Act of 
Union between Great Britain and Ireland. This measure 
has seriously changed the appearance of Dublin : with 
the removal of its parliament the nobility of Ireland 
withdrew to England, and left their palaces in Dublin 
either to fall to decay, or be converted into public offices, 
hotels, or charitable institutions. The residence of the 
Duke of Leinster, the most splendid in Dublin, is become 
the Dublin-Society's House. The Stamp-office is kept in 
the mansion of the Powerscourt family. That of the late 
countess of Moira is fitted up for Mendicants, by the As- 
sociation. Aldborough house is converted into a classical 
school. The Marquis of Drogheda's has been purchased 
by the Bible Society, and part of it transformed into a 
book-shop. And the Marquis of Sligo's is an hotel. 

While the public mind was still inflamed at the Act of 
Union having passed, it was not likely to be calmed by 
the emigration of the nobles ; some of whom having dis- 
posed of their estates in Ireland, set sail with the inten- 
tion of never re-visiting their native land. In this situa- 
tion of affairs, Robert Emmet, a man to whom nature 
had given the means of arriving at the highest honours in 
the state, placed himself at the head of a body of insur- 
gents, who rose on the 23rd July 1803, in Thomas-street, 
so unexpectedly, that the first intimation of the insurrec- 
tion received at the castle, was given by the Hon. Miss 
Wolfe, *vhose father, Lord Kilwarden, had been dragged 
from his carriage, and murdered in the streets. The inr 
surgents were first met by Mr. Wilson, a magistrate, with 
a small body af men, and afterwards by Lieutenant Brady 



4 GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION. 

of the 21st regiment, who with a party of 40 soldiers, 
succeeded in totally dispersing- the mob, five of whom 
were killed and many taken prisoners. The insurgents 
then withdrew, after having merely succeeded in alarming 
the government. — Immediately after, Emmet and his ac- 
complices were arrested, tried, condemned and executed. 
From that period, Dublin has enjoyed tranquillity ; and 
although the consequences of the Union are still severely 
felt, the public mind is becoming daily reconciled. 

Of the ancient city, which was walled in by the Danes in 
the ninth century, the walls, which may still be traced, did 
not exceed one mile in length. From the north tower of the 
castle they were continued over Cork Hill, near which 
was an entrance called Dame's-gate, looking towards 
Hoggin's (now College) green. Near Essex Bridge stood 
another entrance, called Essex-gate, erected on the site 
of Isod's Tower. The wall then extended N. N. W. along 
the river, to the end of Fishamble-street. Here stood 
Fyan's Castle, which was sometimes used as a state 
prison. 

It then proceeded along Wood Quay to the end of 
Wine-tavern-street, where was another tower, and con- 
tinuing still by the river, joined a castle, through which 
was one of the principal entrances into the city, opposite 
Bridge-street. The next traces are to be found on the 
west side of Bridge-street in New-row, thence it stretched 
up the hill to Cut-Purse-row, at the end of which stood 
Newgate, where criminals of the worst description were 
imprisoned : some of the towers are still to be seen at the 
rear of the houses in Cut-Purse-row and Corn-market. 
From Corn-market it ran at the rear of Back-lane to 
Nicholas-gate ; thence it passed between Ross-lane and 
Bride's-aliey to Pool-gate, or as it was afterwards called 
Welburgh's-gate ; from thence it proceeded in a straight 
line until it united with the castle at Birmingham Tower, 
where a considerable part of the wall may yet be seen.-* 
In 1669, the population of Dublin amounted to 8,159. 
Such was the city of Dublin not more than four or five 
centuries back, let the reader compare it with the History 
of Dublin as it now is. 

Geographical Description. — Dublin is situated, in 
Lat. 53, 21, N. Lou, t>, 15, W. immediately opposite the coast 



GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION, 5 

of North Wales. It is not more than one njile from the bay 
of that name, which is a large semi-circular basin about 
eight miles in diameter, into which the Llifey empties 
itself, after running through the city, which it divides 
into two equal parts, in a direction from west to east. 
This large bay is rendered peculiarly dangerous by the 
breakers and shallows caused by two large sand banks, 
called the North and South Bulls. 

The perils of a midnight approach to the city are greatly 
diminished by the erection of a mole of 30 feet in breadth, 
and 8,560 yards in length, extending into the bay, on the 
extremity of which stands a light-house of a circular form, 
and particularly light and elegant construction. The diffi- 
culty of erecting a building of three stories in height, in 
such a situation was very great, and may fairly be com- 
pared to those attending the erection of the Eddistone or 
Tuscard Light-houses, as it is in never-ending conflict 
with winds and waves. — The north side of the harbour is 
sheltered by the hill of Howth, a peninsula of consider- 
able extent ; on the most prominent point of which, called 
the Bailey, another light-house is erected, corresponding 
to the one in the centre of the bay, thus rendering the 
entrance of the harbour perfectly distinct at all seasons. — 
Under the north-west side of this mountain, an extensive 
pier has been built, and a spacious harbour enclosed, 
where the Holyhead packets put in. Another pier is just 
completed, at the south side of the bay, to afford shelter 
for shipping when they cannot make the pier of Howth ; 
this wall, which has several turns to avoid the accumu- 
lation of sand, is built of mountain-granite, drawn from 
the hills of Killiney, and is called the King's-town pier. 

The bay of Dublin has long been celebrated for its pic- 
turesque beauty. Howth, from its height and situation, 
has been considered not unlike Vesuvius on the bay of 
Naples, and the majestic amphi-theatre of mountains 
encompassing Dublin, forms a most sublime and perfect 
back-ground to the scene. — The mouth of the river is 
guarded by a strong fortress on the south wall, called the 
Pigeon- house, where a corps of artillery is stationed. 
From Ringsend point, where the Liffey discharges its 
waters into the bay, the stone quays of Dublin commence, 
and continue on both sides of the river for the space of 
b 3 



6 THE CASTLE. 

three mile^ ; and the advantages derived from tlie em- 
banking of an Unwholesome stream, by granite walls, of 
such extent and workmanship as are not exceeded by any 
city in Europe, were not dearly purchased at the expense 
of a trifling yearly tribute. — The river is crossed by six 
handsome stone bridges and one of cast-iron. Two canals 
also, which communicate with the interior of the king- 
dom, nearly insulate the city, and terminate in extensive 
wet-docks, on the north and south sides of the city, and 
so communicate with the Liifey. — These canals are navi- 
gable for boats of 60 tons, and contribute materially to 
the cheapness of the Dublin markets, by a constant sup- 
ply of fuel and provisions from remote parts of Ireland. — 
The form of Dublin is nearly a right-angled parallelo- 
gram, whose longer side measures nearly three miles, and 
shorter, about two. — The city is encompassed by a road, 
called the Circular-road, extending ten miles. — Dublin 
contains 19 parishes, 2 cathedrals, 20 churches, meet- 
ing-houses of almost every religious sect, with 27 Roman 
Catholic chapels. — No city, in proportion, abounds more 
in magnificent buildings or charitable institutions The 
population does not exceed 200,000. 



THE CASTLE. 



This edifice, which was built by Henry de Loundres, 
Archbishop of Dublin, in 1220, was first used as a vice- 
regal residence in 1560, by order of Queen Elizabeth. — ' 
The principal entrance is from Cork-hill, into the upper 
castle yard. This court, which contains the apartments of 
the Lord Lieutenant and suite, is in the form of a quad- 
rangle, 280 feet by 130. The principal entrance, the eastern 
gate, is ornamented by a statue of Justice ; and a corres- 
ponding gate, on the same side of the court, is surmounted 
by a statue of Fortitude, both the workmanship of Van- 
Nost : the interval between the real and artificial gate, 
is occupied by a building of two stories, exhibiting Ionic 
columns, on rusticated arches, supporting a pediment, 
and from this rises a circular tower of the Corinthian 
order, terminating in a cupola, ball, and vane, from which 
the flag is hoisted on state days, This building supplies 



THE CASTLE, 7 

accommodation for the Master of the Ceremonies, and 
the Aides-de-Camp to his Excellency ; and the part towards 
the street is used as a guard-room. — The colonnade on 
the opposite side of the quadrangle is the principal 
entrance to the Royal apartments ; at the extremity of this 
colonnade is a handsome flight of steps leading to the 
Yeomen's Hall, and thence to the Presence Chamber, 
where stands the throne erected for George IV., covered 
with crimson velvet, and richly ornamented with gilt 
carved-work. From the ceiling of this apartment hangs a 
magnificent glass lustre, the gift of the Duke of Rutland, 
which was purchased at the celebrated glass manufactory 
in Waterford. 

The next object of attraction is St. Patrick's Hall, 
where balls and assemblies are held on St. Patrick's and 
other nights , this, which is a truly princely apartment, 
38 feet high, 82 long, and 41 broad, was laid out in its 
present superb style at the institution of the Order of St. 
Patrick, 1783. There are three excellent paintings, inlaid 
in the ceiling, the centre is of a circular form, the others 
oblong; one of the latter represents St. Patrick convert- 
ing the Druids ; in the corresponding piece, Henry II., 
receiving submission from the petty Kings of Ireland, 
1 172, appears seated under a rich canopy ; and in the cen- 
tral painting, which is an allegorical representation of the 
flourishing state of the country, George III. appears sup- 
ported by Justice and Liberty : these subjects were de- 
signed and executed by Waldre, an artist, of consider- 
able abilities. At one end of the Hall is a gallery for the 
musicians and household ; and at the other, one for the 
public. — At the rear of the Vice-regal apartments is the 
Castle-garden, a handsome plat of gTound, laid out with 
gravel walks, and planted with ever-greens : the front 
towards the garden, is a neat structure of the Ionic Order ; 
but the effect of it is lost to passengers, from the carriage- 
way passing so immediately under it ; it may, however, 
be seen to advantage from the garden. 

The lower Castle-yard is an extensive, space of very 
irregular form 5 in it are the old Treasury, Chapel, 
Ordnance-oflice and stores, riding-house, stables, and 
residences of inferior officers. — The Treasury, which is 
no longer required, is a long brick building, with a terrace 
in front, accessible by a double flight of steps* 



8 THE CASTLE. 

The Chapel — now the most remarkable object about 
the Castle, is a modern building in the most beautiful 
order of pointed architecture, the design of Francis 
Johnston, Esq. who has so considerably beautified Dublin 
by the exertion of his talents for the last 20 years. The 
old Chapel was taken down in the administration of the 
Duke of Bedford, in 1807, and the present erected on its 
site, is 73 feet in length, and 35 broad. Divine service 
was performed here, for the first time, on Christmas-day, 
1814; and the total expense of the building of the Chapel 
is calculated at 42,000/. It consists of a choir, without 
either nave or transept, finished in the most florid style of 
pointed architecture. Each side is supported by seven 
buttresses, terminating in pinnacles, which spring from 
grotesque heads in each buttress, ornamented at the 
angles, with rich foliage, and terminate in a gothic finial. 
These pinnacles are connected by a monastic battlement, 
finished with a moulding. There are six pointed windows 
in each side, surmounted by labels, which spring from 
two heads. In the centre of the east end is a pointed 
door-way, surmounted by a rectangular label, supported 
at one end by a head of St. Patrick, and at the other by 
that of Brian Boromhe, an Irish King. 

Over the door-way is the eastern window, surmounted 
by a label which springs from the heads of Hope and 
Charity, and terminating at its summit by a demi-figure 
of Faith holding a chalice. The gavel terminates in an 
antique cross, the arms of which are enclosed in a circle. 
At each angle of the east end are square towers, rising 
to the height of the roof, in which are enclosed the stairs 
to the gallery. The principal entrance is on the north 
side of the. west end, near the Record or Wardrobe Tower : 
over this door-way is a bust of St. Peter, holding a key ; 
and over a window immediately above the door is a bust 
of Dean Swift ; and, above, a head of the Virgin Mary ;• 
this entrance conducts into a small anti-hall of the most 
exquisite workmanship, and from thence into the body 
of the Chapel , before you is the eastern window, orna- 
mented with stained glass, the gift of Lord Whitworth, 
when Lord Lieutenant : it represents Christ in the pre- 

* These heads are carved in greystones raised from a quarry at Tullamore 
in the KiJig'g county, forty-six miles from Dublin. 



EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT. 9 

sence of Pilate. The lower divisions are occupied by the 
four Evangelists ; beside the window, in stucco, are sta- 
tues of Faith, Hope, and Charity, with busts of the four 
Evangelists, executed by Edward Smyth. The ceiling is 
composed of groined arches springing from heads of mo- 
delled stucco, above the capitals of six beautiful clustered 
pillars which support the roof; and is highly ornamented. 
The pannels of the gallery are of carved oak : on the 
front of the organ-loft are carved the Royal Arms, and in 
the pannels on either side, those of the Duke of Bedford, 
who laid the foundation stone of the Chapel, and of the 
Duke of Richmond, in whose administration it was com- 
pleted ; from thence, along the front of the gallery, are 
the arms of those noblemen who have been Vice-roys, 
with the dates of their governments. The pannels of the 
pulpit are ornamented with the arms of different Arch- 
bishops and Bishops of Ireland ; among them are also 
those of Dean Kirwan, and the four great supporters of 
the Church of England, Henry VIII., Edward VI., Eliza- 
beth, and William III. : — the carving was executed by 
Stewart of Dublin. At the western extremity of the 
Chapel stands the Record Tower, the oldest building in 
the Castle, lately repaired and improved, during the 
building of the Chapel : — this tower is connected by a 
curtain wall, part of the original town-wall of Dublin, 
to Birmingham tower in the same yard, which is now con- 
verted into a supper-room and other apartments, for the 
use of his Excellency's household. The other buildings 
attached to the Castle are of too unarchitectural a cha- 
racter to be minutely described. 



EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT. 

The Executive Government of Ireland, is committed 
to his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, who is assisted 
and advised by a Privy Council and the Chief Secretary. 
The Privy Council consists of the Chancellor and high 
Law Officers, with some of the Archbishops and Bishops ; 
and the Council Chamber is in the upper Castleyard, 
over the arch-way, by which the connection is kept up 
between the upper and lower yards. In the absence of 



10 - EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT. 

the Lord Lieutenant, the Privy Council is summoned, and 
the government entrusted to three Lords Justices : they 
are usually the Primate, the Lord Chancellor, and the 
Commander of the Forces. 

The Lord Lieutenant holds a Court at the castle ; where 
Levees are sometimes held ; and his Excellency's State 
and Household is, in every respect, becoming a repre- 
sentative of Majesty. He is allowed a company of battle- 
axe men, under the command of a captain, who has the 
rank of colonel ; and two subalterns, who have the rank 
of captains. The battle-axe-guards do duty in the public 
apartments of the Court. Besides this guard, the Lord 
Lieutenant has a body-guard, consisting of a subaltern's 
guard of horse, with a captain of infantry, two subalterns, 
and sixty men. This guard of honour is lodged in the 
Castle, and relieved every day by a detachment from the 
Royal Barracks. The form of relieving guard at the 
Castle, has always had attractions for the citizens of 
Dublin, who attend in great numbers every day, to 
witness this very interesting spectacle. 

In addition to the military establishment of the Irish 
Court, there are various officers of the household, analo- 
gous to those of Carlton Palace : the principal are a 
Private Secretary, Steward, a Comptroller, Chamberlain , 
Gentleman Usher, Assistant Gentleman Usher, Master 
of the Horse, and Gentlemen of the Chamber; there are 
besides four Pages, eight Aides-de-Camp, and twenty-four 
Chaplains. 

Previous to the removal of the Parliament from Ireland, 
the Irish Court was crowded by nobility, but they have 
long since withdrawn their persons and properties to our 
more favoured neighbour, Great Britain ; and, conse- 
quently, there are not many titles to be met at levee, if 
we exclude the dignitaries of the Church and high Law 
Officers, who are obliged to reside in Ireland. But, even 
in this altered and neglected condition, the Irish Court is 
of great benefit to the poor manufacturers of Dublin. 
The Medical Establishment of his Excellency's household, 
consists of the two state physicians, one surgeon, and an 
apothecary. 

The Chief Secretary has apartments in the upper Castle- 
yard, and holds a levee every Thursday; besides the 



UNIVERSITY, ll 

apartments in the upper Castle-yard, there is also a mag- 
nificent residence in the Phoenix Park, appropriated to 
his use. 



THE UNIVERSITY. 



Though the cultivation of learning, in Ireland, has 
been of very early date, yet few traces of the literary ex- 
ertions of the ancient inhabitants remain, and fewer of 
their seminaries. About 1311, John Lech, the Arch- 
bishop of Dublin, procured a bull from Clement V., for 
the foundation of a university ; and although his object 
was not then accomplished, it was, nine years afterwards, 
by his successor, who erected an university in St. Patrick's 
cathedral by permission of John XXII. This seminary 
was protected and endowed by Edward III., but it subse* 
quently decayed gradually until the close of Henry Vllth's. 
reign. In 1591^ Henry Usher (afterwards Archbishop of 
Armagh) obtained from Queen Elizabeth, a Royal 
Charter, and mortmain license for the site of the dissolved 
Monastery of All Saints, granted by the city, whereupon 
the present University was founded ; which was called the 
" College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, near Dublin, 
founded by the most serene Queen Elizabeth." The 
charter further appointed, that there should be a Provost, 
three Fellows, and three Scholars. After numerous sub- 
scriptions collected throughout the country, and various 
donations contributed, the first stone of Trinity College 
was laid, by Thomas Smith, Mayor of Dublin, the 13th 
of March, 1591, and students were admitted the 9th of 
January, 1593. The original charter empowered the 
surviving fellows to elect to a vacant provostship ; but this 
was altered by a subsequent charter, accompanied by a 
new code of statutes, drawn up by Archbishop Laud, in 
1 637, which vested the right of appointment in the Crown. 

The next in rank is the Vice-Provost, who affixes the 
College seal in the absence of the Provost ; his situation 
is of not much more value than a senior Fellowship, and 
the senior Fellows succeed to it in order of seniority. 

The advancement of learning, and the increased num- 
ber of pupils demanded an additional number of lecturers ; 
for thirty years ago the number of students in the Univer* 



12 UNIVERSITY. 

sity was only about 500, whereas at present there are about 
2,000 names on the books. The income of a senior Fellow 
exceeds 1,000/. per annum 5 but the emolument of a 
junior fellowship, independently of pupils, is very insigni- 
ficant, probably about 100/. per annum; however the 
amazing number of pupils each fellow is permitted to 
accept of (144) amply compensates for the deficiency of 
a larger salary : in some instances, the income derived 
from pupils amounts to 1,500/. per annum, and in general 
it is estimated at about 800/. They are Professors of 
Science, Classics and Divinity, Anatomy, Surgery, Che- 
mistry, &c. Oriental and European Languages, Irish ex- 
cepted. It was the intention of the wise and provident 
foundress to have instituted a Professorship of this lan- 
guage in our University, but Lord Burleigh, unfor- 
tunately for the ancient history of this country, suc- 
ceeded in dissuading her from it. 

In the reign of James I., a number of livings were 
forfeited to the Crown by the rebellion of O'Neil ; seven- 
teen of which were bestowed upon the College of Dublin. 

The number of church livings, in the gift of the Univer- 
sity is nineteen, few of which are valued at less than 
1,000/. per annum, and the income of some exceeds 
2,000/. Upon the death of an incumbent, the vacant 
benefice is offered to every fellow according to seniority ; 
and whoever accepts it resigns his fellowship that day 
twelvemonths. If he be a senior, his place at the board is 
filled by the senior of the junior fellows, three days after 
the occurrence of the vacancy. — But if a junior, his place 
is filled by a graduate of the University, elected after a 
public examination of three days, and a fourth in private. 

The candidates are examined publicly in Logic and 
Metaphysics, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Morality, 
History, Chronology, Hebrew, Greek and Latin -, on the 
fourth day they are employed in Latin and English com- 
position. The examination is held in the Theatre of the 
University on the four days immediately preceding Tri- 
nity Sunday, and the questions and answers are delivered 
(perhaps injudiciously) in Latin. — It is necessary that 
the candidates should have taken the degree of Bachelor 
of Arts. The examiners are, the Provost, Vice-Provost, 
and the six senior fellows ; who, in a ceremonious and 
solemn mauncr, select the candidate, in the College.Cliapel, 



UNIVERSITY. 13 

on Trinity Monday. In the event of an equality of votes 
in favour of two candidates, the Provost has a casting 
voice ; and the unsuccessful candidate is rewarded by a 
sum of money, seldom less than £ 200, bequeathed by 
Mr. Madden for that purpose. 

The third component part of this corporation is, the 
scholars, 70 in number ; these situations are the reward 
of classical attainments solely ; a severe examination is 
given by the board to each class, when they have arrived 
at their junior sophister yeai', two years and a half from 
the time of entering college. The emoluments of a 
scholarship are, a dinner at the pensioners' table for five 
years, ten or twelve pounds per annum, and sometimes 
even more ; chambers at half the usual deposit and rent 
of other students ; and if the scholar be twenty-one years 
of age, a vote at the election of a representative to serve 
in parliament for the University. The examination is held 
in the Theatre, during two days in the week before Whitsun- 
tide, and the new scholars are declared on Trinity Monday. 

The whole body of the students is divided into three 
ranks, distinguished by the denominations of Fellow 
Commoners, Pensioners, and Sizars; students of every 
denomination are obliged to undergo a classical examina- 
tion previous to admission \ but this is little more than a 
mere ceremony. The number of fellow-commoners and 
pensioners admitted into college is unlimited ; the former 
are distinguished from the latter by a more expensive and 
elegant academic dress ; their fees are always double, and 
they dine at the table with the fellows, which is not per- 
mitted to a pensioner. The sizars, who are limited to 
thirty or thirty-two in number, have their commons and 
instruction gratis ; and though their rank appears degrad- 
ing, yet many have raised themselves, by their diligence 
and good conduct, to scholarships and fellowships. The 
expense of tuition is remarkably moderate ; a pensioner's 
amounts to but eight guineas per annum ; a fellow-com- 
moner pays double that sum \ and the annual college 
fees, which are common to both, never amount to as much 
as the tuition. 

The length of time necessary to graduate as a Bachelor 
of Arts is, for a fellow-commoner three years and a half, 
for a pensioner or sizar four years. Instruction is com- 

Q 



14 UNIVERSITY. 

municated by means of public and private lectures ; ex- 
aminations are held quarterly, at which, premiums are 
adjudged to the best answerers in science and classics, 
with great liberality on the part of the board, and impar- 
tiality on that of the junior fellows, who are the exami- 
ners ; and those who have not been sufficiently diligent in 
preparing for examinations, are disgraced by a fine, and 
by si judgment which is read out publicly. At the termi- 
nation ot the collegiate studies of each class, previous to 
commencements or graduating, those who have distin- 
guished themselves at quarterly examinations, by obtain- 
ing premiums in either classics or science, are examined 
together in one division, for a gold medal. This admi- 
rable plan for the encouragement of learning was intro- 
duced in 1819 by Dr. Elrington, the then Provost. 

The buildings of the College, which are of considerable 
extent and beauty, consist of three spacious squares, 
called the Parliament-square, the Library-square, and 
Botany-bay. The grand front, presented to College-green, 
is 300 feet in length, and of the Corinthian order ; the 
centre is ornamented by a pediment resting on Corinthian 
columns, and the whole is terminated by pavillions de- 
corated with coupled pilasters of the same order, support- 
ing an attic story. The Parliament-square is entered by 
an octagon vestibule, terminating at the summit in groined 
arches, is 316 feet long by 212 in breadth, and built en- 
tirely of hewn stone; besides buildings for the accommo- 
dation of the fellows and students. This square contains 
the Chapel, Theatre for examinations, and Refectory. 

The Chapel — which stands on the north side, has in 
front a handsome colonnade of four pillars, of the Corin- 
thian order, supporting a pediment : the chancel is 80 feet 
in length (exclusive of a semi-circular terminating recess 
36 feet in diameter), 40 feet in breadth, and 44 in height : 
the seats are of oak, pannelled, and highly polished - y 
and there is, besides, a small but elegantly arranged organ- 
loft, the front of which is ornamented with carved oak- 
work. There is an excellent choir, the same which at- 
tends both the cathedrals ; and divine service commences 
at half-past nine, and concludes at half-past eleven, in the 
forenoon of each Sunday. Both this building and the 
Theatre were designed by Sir W. Chambers, and erected 
under the direction of Mr, Graham Myers. 



UNIVERSITY. 15 

The Theatre.— On the opposite, or south, side of the 
same square, stands the Theatre, or Examination Hall, 
with a front exactly corresponding to that of the Chapel, 
and of the same internal dimensions, This splendid hall 
is furnished with tables and forms, at which the students 
sit during the hours of examinations, and also at public 
lectures during term ; and the semi-circular recess at the 
end, is fitted up for holding fellowship examinations, in 
such a manner, that both candidates and spectators are 
accommodated. On either side of the hail a rustic base- 
ment supports a series of composite pilasters, from which 
rises a mosaic ceiling, richly ornamented in stucco. Be- 
tween the pilasters are the portraits of eminent persons ; 
Queen Elizabeth, the foundress, and eight others, who 
were either educated in the University, or bequeathed 
legacies to its support. On one side stands a splendid 
monument to the memory of Provost Baldwin, who died 
in 1758. A large Sarcophagus of black and gold 
marble supports a mattress of white marble, on which 
the provost is represented in a reclining posture, larger 
than life, holding his will, by which he bequeathed 80,000/. 
to the University 5 a female figure, emblematic of the 
University, leans over him in a mourning attitude ; at his 
feet stands an angel, holding a wreath of palm, casting 
on him a look of benignity, and pointing to Heaven ; and 
immediately behind these figures rises a pyramid of varie- 
gated Egyptian porphyry. The whole is executed in a 
most masterly style, by Mr. Hewetson, a native of Ireland, 
but resident at Rome, and cost the University upwards 
of 2,000/. It was in this noble apartment that his Majesty 
was entertained at a magnificent banquet, by the provost 
and fellows, August 27th, 1821 ; on which occasion a 
throne, with crimson velvet hangings, &c. was placed in 
the semi-circular recess : the organ also was refitted. 

The Refectory. — The Parliament and Library Squares 
are connected by a small quadrangle, at one extremity of 
which stands the Refectory, a handsome structure, the 
front of which is ornamented by a pediment supported by 
pilasters. A spacious ante-hall leads to the dining-hall, 
a room of 70 feet by 35, and 35 in height ; the upper part 
of the walls and the ceiling are ornamented with stucco, 
and the lower is oak wainscoting. In this hall the portraits 



16 UNIVERSITY, 

of the following illustrious characters were hung in 1821 ; 
viz. Henry Flood, Lord Chief Justice Downes, Lord Avon- 
more, Hussey Burgh, Lord Kilwarden, and Henry Grattan > 
over the door is a full-length portrait of Frederick Prince 
of Wales, father of George III. ; at one side of which is a 
portrait of Cox, Archbishop of Cashel ; and, on the other, 
the original portrait of Provost Baldwin. Over the ante- 
hall is a remarkably neat and elegant apartment, formerly 
used by the Historical Society, an institution of great 
practical benefit to the majority of the students, though 
the legislature of the University have, in their wisdom, 
crushed it — perhaps for ever. 

On the south side of the quadrangle, immediately oppo- 
site the Refectory, stands an old wall, which it was in- 
tended to remove, and to supply its place by a triumphal 
arch of the Doric order, after a design of Sir W. Cham- 
bers, with three openings, supporting a square tower with 
four circular-headed windows, ornamented with Corinthian 
pillars and urns. 

The Library. — Beyond the quadrangle is the Library- 
square, 265 feet long, by 214 broad, three sides of which 
consist of uniform brick buildings, mostly devoted to the 
accommodation of the students. The library, which oc- 
cupies the fourth side, is an extensive stone building, 
whose basement story is a piazza, the entire length of the 
square. Above this, are two stories surmounted by a rich 
Corinthian entablature, originally crowned with a balus- 
trade. Of this building, as it was at first designed, and 
previous to alterations, a correct painting may be seen in 
the Librarian's room ; in which apartment is also a portrait 
of the Rev. John Barrett, D. D. the late Vice-Provost, 
painted by G. F. Josephs, Esq. R. A. At present, the 
front has a mouldering appearance, in consequence of the 
perishable nature of the stone of which it is built. — The 
building consists merely of a centre and two pavilions ; 
in the western pavilion are the grand stair-case, the Lend- 
ing library, and the Librarian's apartments. At the head 
of the stairs the Library is entered by large folding doors, 
and the first view is particularly striking. His Majesty, 
who was received here when the banquet was given in the 
Theatre (see page 15), expressed his admiration of this 
magnificent room. The exterior library is 210 feet long, 



UNIVERSITY. 17 

41 broad, and 40 in height, and is acknowledged to be the 
finest room in Europe applied to such a purpose. Between 
the windows, on both sides, are lofty oak partitions, at 
right angles to the walls, on both sides of which the books 
rest on closely-placed shelves, so that there are as many 
recesses as there are windows ; these partitions are termi- 
nated by fluted Corinthian pillars of carved oak, connected 
at the top by a broad cornice, surmounted by a balustrade 
also of carved oak, forming the front of a gallery which 
is continued quite round the room. — Here are pedestals 
with busts of ancient and modern philosophers, historians, 
and poets, of white marble. — The number of volumes in 
this library is about 80,000. 

At the extremity of this room is a second apartment, 52 
feet in length, formerly the MSS. room, but now called 
the Fagel library, fitted up in a uniform manner with the 
preceding, and containing about 20,000 volumes. This 
vast collection was the property of Mr. Fagel, a Dutch- 
man, who removed it to London in 1794, upon the invasion 
of his native country by the French, and from whom it 
was purchased by the University of Dublin for the very 
moderate sum of 8,000/. 

Manuscript Room. — Over the Fagel library in the 
eastern pavilion, is the Manuscript room, in which are 
many valuable manuscripts, particularly those relating to 
Irish history. — There are besides, Persian, Arabic, and 
Greek : in the Greek character, the most conspicuous are 
the Montfortian and a copy of the four Gospels, with a 
continued commentary, written in the 9th century. — There 
is a very curious map of China on an extensive scale, 
drawn by a native in the Chinese character. 

The Manuscript room is not opened to the public, and 
admittance can only be given in the presence of the 
librarian : this regulation is directed by the statutes for the 
better preservation of the MSS. — Many of these MSS. 
were presented to the College by Dr. Sterne, Bishop of 
Clogher, and Mr. John Madden. The Library is open 
every day, Sundays and holidays excepted, from eight to 
ten, and from eleven to two : there is a Reading-room in 
the western Pavilion, which is always open during winter, 
and supplied with fires. The privilege of reading here is 
granted to Graduates upon taking the library oath, and to 
c 3 



18 UNIVERSITY. 

strangers who have been introduced to the Provost, oir 
their taking the same oath. 

On the south side of the Library is the Fellows' garden, a 
large park laid out in gravel-walks, from which the students 
are excluded, the fellows, doctors, and masters only, 
reserving keys to admit themselves ; however, fellowship- 
candidates are always permitted to walk here. 

College Park. — To the east of the Library and 
Library-square, is the College park, a space of about 20 
acres, planted and laid out with great taste ; here are two 
ball-courts, and there was formerly a bowling-green for 
the amusement of the students.— xVs you enter the park 
from the Library-square, on the right, until lately, stood 
an old, tasteless building containing a chemical labora- 
tory, and also the Anatomical Lecture-rooms. 

The Anatomy House. — In that part of the College 
Park, formerly used as a bowling-green, is the new Ana- 
tomy House, built at the expense of the University, after 
a design of the Messrs. Morrison. It is 1 15 feet in length 
by 50 in breadth -, and contains an Anatomical Lecture- 
room, 30 feet square : an Anatomical Museum 30 feet by 
28 : and three private rooms. — The Dissecting-room, ex- 
tending the whole length of the building, is probaby the 
best disposed apartment for such purpose in Europe, and 
by no means too large for the present school of surgery in 
Dublin. — The Chemical Laboratory, Lecture-room, and 
private apartment appropriated to the professors occupy 
the remote end from the Anatomical-rooms just mentioned. 
The museum possesses some valuable preparations : those 
belonging to the College are unimportant, but the present 
professor's (Dr. Macartney) collection, which is exhibited 
during lecture, contains valuable preparations of human, 
comparative, and morbid anatomy ; and if we except the 
Hunterian, is second to none in the United Kingdom. 
The School of Anatomy in Dublin has grown into deserved 
celebrity, to which the facility of procuring subjects for 
dissection has contributed, and has drawn together a 
great number of students. Amongst the curiosities of 
the old collection in the Anatomical Museum are several 
extraordinary preparations and skeletons : a complete 
skeleton of a Grampus, with those of M'Gratk the Irish 
giant, and Clarke, the ossified man. The former of these, 



UNIVERSITY. 19 

who died at the age of twenty, attained the height of 
nine feet ; of the latter all the joints became bone, so that 
he was quite incapable of stirring, and died in the most 
deplorable condition. 

In a small building behind the old Anatomy House are 
to be seen the celebrated wax models of the human figure, 
executed in Paris by M. Denoue, and presented to the 
University by the Earl of Shelbourne,* in 1 752. 

Printing House. — Immediately opposite the old Ana- 
tomy-house, on the north side of the park, is the printing- 
office, founded by Dr. Sterne, Bishop of Clogher* in 1 734 ; 
the front of which is a handsome portico of the Doric 
order, greatly admired for its architectural chasteness and 
the beauty of its proportions. 

Provost's House. — On the south side of the College 
stands the Provost's house, a handsome stone edifice with 
wings, and a court-yard in front, screened from Grafton - 
street by a high wall, with a large heavy-looking gate-way 
in the centre ; at the rear is a spacious lawn and shrubbery, 
communicating with the Fellows garden, and separated 
from it merely by a plantation of ever-greens. The in- 
terior of the house is peculiarly elegant ; and the hall, stair- 
case, and grand drawing-room, are particularly noble. 
The elevation of this building is after a design of Lord 
Burlington's and is similar to that of General Wade's 
house, Cork-street, London, which was designed by the 
same nobleman. 

To the north of the Library-square, is a third square, 
commonly called Botany-bay, which is an area of somewhat 
greater dimensions than either of the others, and three of 
its sides are allotted to the accommodation of pupils. 
Near the centre stands a temporary building, in which is 
suspended the great bell, the largest and best-toned in the 
kingdom. — The exterior of the north side of Botany-bay- 
square, presents a front of hewn stone to New Brunswick- 
street, 270 feet in length ; the basement story is rusti- 
cated, and the windows of the three upper stories are orna- 
mented with architraves. It is protected from the street 

* They were purchased by his lordship from Mr. Raxtrow, a statuary in 
London, and have since been repaired ; first, under the inspection of Mr, 
Edward Croker, an able anatomist, and secondly, by Mr. Thomas WetherelL 
surgeon. 



20 UNIVERSITY. 

by a semi-circular sweep^enclosed by iron railing ; and 
was designed by the Messrs. Morrison. 

The Museum. — Over the vestibule, within the grand 
gate, is the Museum, an exceedingly beautiful room, 60 
feet by 40. The mineral collection contains 1204 speci- 
mens, arranged according to Professor Jameson's system, 
and described in a catalogue drawn up by Dr. Stokes in 
1818. At the foot of the stairs is a nearly perfect skeleton 
of an Antediluvian moose-deer, a model of a Roman 
galley, and another of the Barony of Moresk, in the 
county of Mayo. 

Case No. 1, contains ornaments from the Marquesas, 
Friendly, and Sandwich Islands, New Zealand, and Ota- 
heite. — No. 2. Otaheitean dresses and models. — No. 3. New 
Zealand articles of dress, and implements. — No. 4. Shells. — 
No. 5. Cloak made of feathers from the Sandwich Isles. — 
No. 6. A very curious collection of Irish antiquities — various 
celts, chip-axes, arrow-heads, hunting-spears, of brass, and 
military spears ; the war-axe, golden crescents, head orna- 
ments, fibulae ; curious headstall and bitt, found in Roscom- 
mon 5 the Liath Meisicith, or incense-box of the ancients, 
consulted only upon the interests of the church or election 
of a king. The most interesting curiosity is the Irish harp, 
once the property of King Brian Boromhe, the history of 
which is this : Donogh, the son of Brian, laid it with the 
golden crown, at the Pope's feet, in 1023 ; a subsequent 
Pope presented the harp to Henry VIII. of England, but 
kept the golden crown ; Henry gave it to the first Earl of 
Clanrickard, from whom it passed to the M'Mahons, of 
Clenah, in the county of Clare : from them it fell into the 
hands of counsellor Macnamara, of Limerick, and in 1782 
was presented to the College Museum by the right hon. 
W. Conyngham. The O'Brian arms, viz. the bloody hand 
supported by lions, are chased in silver upon it. On the 
skies of the front arm of the harp are carved two wolf 
dogs : — both arms are of red-holly, the sounding-board is 
of oak. This beautiful remnant of the taste of our ances- 
tors is rapidly mouldering away, but its chaste propor- 
tions, as well as a testimony of its merit, might be well 
perpetuated by a good model. It is hoped that what has 
been stated will be considered a sufficient refutation of 
Mr. Bingley's assertion, that this very harp was Welch. 



UNIVERSITY. 21 

Near the Irish case is a collection of volcanic minerals, 
presented by D. Latouche, esq. in 1790, the catalogue of 
which was printed in Catania, in Sicily. Beside this 
stands another flat case, in which are Cingalese Almanacks, 
graved with a stylus, which is also deposited in the case. — 
No. 7 contains a few stuffed animals. — No. 8. A mummy, 
a model of a Chinese galley, &c. — No. 9. In this are some 
serpents preserved by Bullock. — No. 10. Miscellaneous, 
unimportant, except an enormous lobster's claw. — No. 11 
is entirely occupied by the figure of an Otaheitean warrior. 
— No. 12 contains a copy of the Koran, in letters of gold, on a 
roll of Indian paper, which shuts up in a box about two 
inches long and one in diameter ; an Almanack printed in 
1666 • and a model of the combination mirrors of Archi- 
medes. Near this case hangs a cast of a shield exhibiting, 
in bas-relief, the capture of Rome by Brennus. There is a 
very curious collection brought from the South-Sea 
Islands, and presented to the University by Dr. Patten. 

In the centre of the great room stands a stuffed camel- 
leopard ; at one corner is a model of the Giant's-causeway 
remarkable for the accuracy of its execution •. and, beside 
it, lie some of the basaltic joints, of which the causeway is 
composed. 

Astronomical Observatory.— On Dunsink Hill, 
about four miles north-west of Dublin Castle, stands the 
Observatory, founded at the instance of Dr. Henry Usher, 
late professor of Astronomy in the University. In 1774, 
Provost Andrews bequeathed 3,000/. and 250Z. per annum, 
for building an Observatory and supplying instruments : 
by means of this donation, a handsome house was erected, 
presenting in front a facade of two wings, and a projecting* 
centre, crowned by a dome. — Besides apartments for the 
professor, there are two rooms particularly appropriated 
to astronomical purposes — the Equatorial and Meridian 
rooms. The former is beneath the dome, which is inter- 
sected by an aperture of two feet six inches in breadth, 
and is moveable by means of a lever and projecting cogs, 
so that the aperture may be directed to any point of the 
horizon. — The Meridian room, on the west side of the 
building, contains the transit instrument, and the cele- 
brated Astronomical Circle, which is universally acknow- 
ledged to be Ramsden's best performance .$ this instrument 



22 THE BANK. 

is minutely described in Dr. Brinkley's work on Astro- 
nomy ; and the valuable discoveries, relative to parallax 
and refraction, which the professor has made with this 
celebrated piece of mechanism, are recorded in the 
Twelfth Volume of the Transactions of the Royal Irish 
Academy. 

Botanic Garden. — About two miles to the south of 
the Castle, a space of about four acres has been enclosed 
for a Botanic Garden ; and though but of late formation, 
it is exceedingly well supplied with both exotic and indi- 
genous plants : but it is altogether eclipsed by the magni- 
ficent gardens of the Dublin society at Glasnevin. 



BANK OF IRELAND. 



This noble structure, formerly the Parliament House, 
but purchased after the Act of Union, by the Company of 
the Bank of Ireland, for 40,000/. and a rent of 240/. per 
annum, is probably not exceeded in magnificence of ex- 
terior by any building in Europe. It fronts College 
Green, and is nearly at right angles to the west front of 
the College, and by its contiguity to the latter, forms a 
scene that has not many rivals. The foundation of the 
Parliament House was laid in 1729, by Lord Carteret, 
Viceroy of Ireland, and the building was completed in 
1739, at an expense of about 40,000/. — This building not 
being sufficiently extensive to accommodate Lords and 
Commons, in 1 785, an eastern front, leading to the House 
of Lords, was designed and executed, by the late James 
Gandon, at an expense of 25,000/. — In 1787, a western 
front and entrance were added, from the design of Mr. 
Parke, architect, for about 30,000/. The centre of this 
edifice, is a grand colonnade of the Ionic order, occupying 
three sides of a court-yard ; the columns are lofty, and 
rest on a flight of steps, continued entirely round the 
court-yard, and to the extremities of the colonnade, where 
are the entrances, under two archways : the four central 
columns support a pediment, whose tympanum is orna- 
mented by the royal arms ; and, on its apex stands a well 
executed figure of Hibernia, with Fidelity on her right, 



THE BANK. 23 

and Commerce on her left hand. This magnificent centre 
is connected with the eastern and western fronts, which 
contend with it in beauty, by circular screen walls, the 
height of the building, enriched with dressed niches, and 
a rusticated basement : the eastern front, which is towards 
College-street, is a noble portico of six Corinthian 
columns, three feet six inches in diameter, crowned by a 
pediment with a plain tympanum; on which stands a 
statue of Fortitude, with Justice on her right, and Liberty 
on her left hand. The entablature of the central portico 
being continued round to the eastern front, exhibits an 
architectural impropriety, the columns of one being of the 
Ionic, while the others are of the Corinthian order ; but 
this is not very obvious, from the great extent of the 
building, and from the shape, which does not admit of 
both porticos being seen together. The western front, to 
Foster-place, is a beautiful portico of four Ionic columns, 
surmounted by a pediment, and connected with the centre, 
by a circular screen wall, corresponding to that which 
connects the eastern wing to the centre. — A military 
guard-room has been erected adjacent to the western front, 
the entrance, through a magnificent arch-way, ornamented 
with Ionic columns, and crowned by military trophies, 
forming the extremity of Foster-place ; the design and 
execution of J. Kirk. Within this stately and extensive 
pile of building, the most ample and splendid apartments 
are provided. 

Beneath the grand Portico, are two entrances leading 
to the Cash-office. — There was formerly a grand entrance 
in the centre, leading to the Court of Requests, where 
now the Cash-office stands ; this splendid apartment, 
which is 70 feet in length, by 50 in breadth, was designed 
by Francis Johnston, Esq. The walls are of Bath stone, 
pannelled, and decorated with fluted Ionic columns, resting 
on pedestals ; beneath the entablature, all round, are 24 
windows, some of which are made of looking-glass to pre- 
serve uniformity. From the ceiling, which is also beauti- 
fully ornamented, rises a lantern 50 feet in length, and 30 
in breadth. — The desks of the officers are at a distance of 
5 feet from the wall, so as to afford a convenient passage 
behind ; nor do they at all conceal the elegant pillars, as 
their bases are the height of the enclosures around the 



24 THE BANK. 

desks. In the centre of the floor, which is chequered 
flagging, two tables are placed for public use, as well as 
counters all round the room, in front of the clerks' desks. 
— The entrances are at each end, which also communicate 
with handsome corridors, conducting to the different 
offices of the Bank. 

These corridors formerly encompassed the House of 
Commons, which was an octagonal room, covered with 
a dome, supported by Ionic columns, which rose from an 
amphitheatrical gallery, fronted with an iron balustrade 
of scroll-work, where strangers were permitted to remain 
during the debates. This room w r as always considered an 
extremely beautiful apartment, but it has latterly been 
considerably ornamented and improved. There were two 
of the inferior apartments, particularly elegant, one for 
the hearing of controverted elections, and the Record-room. 

The House of Lords, which remains unaltered, is an 
oblong room, with a semi-circular recess at one end, 
where the throne stood : the throne has been removed, 
and in the recess has been placed a white marble statue of 
his late Majesty, George III, in his parliamentary robes, 
with the insignia of the orders of the Bath and St. Patrick, 
executed by J. Bacon, jun. Here may be seen two speci- 
mens of tapestry brought from Holland, extremely well 
executed, which were permitted to remain at the request 
of Mr. Johnston ; one represents the battle of the Boyne, 
fought between William and James, in 1690. The other, 
the famous siege of Derry. — There is also in this room an 
excellent bust of the Duke of Wellington, by Turnerelli ; 
and in another niche, one of his late Majesty. This room 
is now called the Court of Proprietors. 

In the western side of the Bank, is the Library-room, 
now used to preserve the paid notes until the period 
arrives for destroying them. In a small apartment may 
be seen a well executed model of the Bank, executed 
by Mr. Doolittle. Next the model-room is an armoury, 
well supplied and arranged. 

The repeated fires that have broken out in this building 
have stimulated the exertions of the Directors in providing 
apparatus to protect them from any serious loss in that 
way for the future. On the 27th of February, 1 792, be- 
tween 5 and 6 o'clock in the evening, while the Commons 



THE BANK. 25 

were sitting, a dreadful fire broke out, and totally con- 
sumed the House of Commons 5 but it was shortly after 
fitted up, precisely in the same manner ; and, in 1804, a 
fire broke out beneath the portico at the front, and in- 
jured the columns so seriously, that large pieces were 
obliged to be inserted in many of them ; this was supposed 
to have been done intentionally. Against such accidents, 
the Bank is now amply provided, there being two large 
tanks of water, one at each side of the building; adjacent 
to which, engines of immense power are placed, supplied 
with great quantities of tube 5 and the forcing pumps are 
capable of inundating the entire building if required. 

This extensive pile is nearly of a semi-circular form, 
and stands on an acre and a half of ground. The grand 
front is 147 feet in breadth ; and, for elegance of design, is 
unrivalled 5 but, in addition to many extraordinary events 
connected with the history of this magnificent building, 
the name of the architect who gave the original design is 
not positively ascertained. Harris says it was executed 
under the inspection of Sir Edward Lovel Pearce, but 
omits any mention of Cassels, who is generally supposed 
to have been the person who gave the" design, and who 
was also the architect of Leinster House (the Dublin 
Society) in Kildare-street. 

We cannot here particularize the numerous offices con- 
nected with the Bank, yet must not pass over in entire silence, 

The Printing House — which stands at the rear of the 
Bank, on the diameter of the semi-circle, and which has 
been fitted up according to the advice, and under the 
superintendance of Mr. Oldham. About four years since, 
the number of forgeries induced the Directors to seek for 
some remedy in the formation of a proper circulating 
medium ; and to remedy the obvious defects of their notes, 
they employed Mr. Oldham to provide them with a plan of 
numbering, analogous to the stereotype dating and num- 
bering of the Bank of England notes, which he accordingly 
did ; and with this difference from the mode in which the 
Bank of England note is numbered, that, while their ma- 
chinery only executes units, without additional adjust- 
ments, and thereby requires confidential assistants, Mr. 
Oldham's apparatus continues the series to 1 00,000, inde-i 
Prudently of the control of the operator. 



26 THE BANK. 

The Engraving Engine is capable of engraving an 
indefinite number of notes, possessing absolute identity, 
not only between each other, but also between different 
parts of the same note ; and it is capable of re-producing,the 
same precise characters for ever. This machine engraves 
the border, the vignette, &c. 

The Printing Presses. — There are four printing 
presses, worked by steam, on an exceedingly improved 
construction ; a shifting roller passes over the head of the 
pressman, and, at every pull, shifts itself, and presents a 
dry surface. Five thousand notes are struck off every day 
at each press, all of which are proof impressions. — To one 
of the supporters of every press, a small box is attached, 
with glazed apertures in the top, in which figures present 
themselves successively, at each pull of the press, indicat- 
ing the number of impressions taken up to that time of 
the day. This registering apparatus is secured from the 
interference of the printer, as the box containing it is 
locked. 

There are six presses employed in numbering and dating 
the notes ; each of which is composed of a brass box or 
chest, surmounted by a tympan, connected with the box 
by hinges : the tympan is so contrived as to receive the 
skeleton note, and, by means of an aperture in the upper 
surface of the box, a duplicate number and date is im- 
pressed, at each pull or fall of the tympan. It should be 
observed, that the press is calculated to receive two notes 
at once; which, of course, increases the despatch. To 
provide against every species of imposition, there is not 
only a confidential person present, but the machinery 
is secured by lock and key. 

Institution. — The subscribers to the Bank of Ireland 
were incorporated 1783, by the denomination of the 
" Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland" and 
transacted business, for the first time, on the 25th of 
June in that year, upon stock amounting to 600,000/. in 
4 percent government debentures. But, an Act was after- 
wards passed, authorising government to cancel those 
debentures, and grant an annuity, at the rate of 4 per cent 
in lieu thereof. — In addition to their capital, they borrowed 
60,000/. upon 5 per cent debentures, previous to making 
any issue; and, in the year 1784, they raised 40,000^ 
upon similar securities. 



THE BANK. 27 

All monies paid into his Majesty's Treasury, Court of 
Chancery, and Exchequer, are deposited here. — The first 
dividend was made in 1783, at the rate of 4 per cent, from 
which time it has gradually risen, and now bears about 5£ 
per cent interest. 

The governor, directors, and officers, are annually 
elected in the month of April : there are fifteen directors, 
of whom five must be new. — The necessary qualification 
for governor is to be actually possessed of 5,000/. in stock, 
of a deputy governor, to be in possession of 3,000/., and 
of each of the directors, 2,000/. each. 

In the year 1791, a continuation of their charter was 
obtained for 21 years from the expiration of the charter 
the Bank was then possessed of (three years of which were 
still unexpired) on condition of 400,000/. being added to 
the capital; which would make in all 1,000,000/. sterling. 
About 17^2, or 93, the bank raised a farther sum of 
120,000/. upon debentures bearing 4 per cent interest, — 
redeemable at the expiration of three years, according to 
their option ; and in 1821 they obtained a renewal of their 
charter, on condition of increasing their capital half a 
million. 

Every office is arranged on a systematic and convenient 
plan. In the Cash Office, all lodgments are made, notes 
and post bills issued, and exchanged or accepted, drafts 
paid, &c. — This Office is open from ten to three every day, 
but private bankers' notes are not received in lodgment 
after two o'clock. — The Bullion Office is open also from 
ten to three each day : here silver is issued for notes not 
less than ten pounds ; but silver is not received there after 
two o'clock. — In the Discount Office bills are received 
from half-past nine to half-past eleven; and the office 
opens again at one for the delivery of bills. This office is 
not open on Saturdays. — The lleceiver's Office is open 
from two to three, and from five to six in the afternoon, 
for the payment of bills which were not honoured in the 
course of the day. Irish bills falling due on Sunday are 
payable the Monday after, but English bills are payable 
the Saturday before. — Neither post bills or private notes 
are received in payment of bills at the Bank, 






28 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. 



This valuable institution originated in tlie private meet- 
ings of a few eminent men, Dr. Prior, Dr. Madan, and 
others, 1731, for scientific purposes, and was supported 
solely by their subscriptions for eighteen years. On April 
2nd, 1749, George II. granted a charter of incorporation, as 
the " Dublin Society, for promoting Husbandry and other 
useful Arts," and 500/. per annum ; since which period, 
parliament have lent liberal patronage and support : it is 
governed by a president (his Excellency the Lord Lieute- 
nant of Ireland), and six Vice-presidents. 

The Governors and Company of the Bank of Ireland 
are Treasurers ; the officers are, two Secretaries and an 
Assistant, a Solicitor, Professor and Lecturer on Botany and 
Agriculture, Professor of Chemistry, and an Assistant, Pro- 
fessor and Lecturer of Mineralogy, Mining Engineer, Lec- 
turer in Experimental Philosophy, Professor and Lecturer 
in the Veterinary Art, Librarian, Corrector of the Press, 
Master of the School for Ornament and Landscape Drawing, 
Master of the Figure School, Master of the School for 
Architectural Drawing, Master for Sculpture, and Head 
Gardener at the Botanic Garden, Glasnevin. 

There is a General Meeting every Thursday at two 
o'clock. — Annual Courses of Lectures, open to the public, 
are delivered by the Professor and Lecturer, from whom 
and the House-keeper, tickets can be had. — Chemistry ; 
1st Course commences the first Tuesday in November; 
2nd Course, first Tuesday in January. — Mineralogy ; first 
Monday in March. — Natural Philosophy ; 1st Course, first 
Tuesday in March; 2nd Course, first Tuesday in May. — 
Botany, 1st Course, first Monday in May; 2nd Course, 
second" Tuesday in June. — Mining, first Tuesday in 
February. — Veterinary art, first Monday in May. 

The following departments are open to the Public : — 
Museum on Mondays and Fridays from twelve to three. — 
Room of Statuary and Elgin Casts, Tuesdays and Satur- 
days from twelve to three. — The Library, on introduction 
to the Librarian. — Botanic Garden, on Tuesdays and 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. 29 

Fridays from twelve to four; but, a member can intro- 
duce visitors at any time. 

The subscription to become a member of the Society 
for life, is 30 guineas ; the number of members is about 
500. 

One object of the institution is, to encourage improve- 
ments in agricultural science and practice. Premiums are 
granted to planters of nurseries ; and such is the effect 
already produced, that many millions of young trees have 
been planted, and extensive nurseries formed. 

To Botany they have given liberal encouragement ; 
having purchased a considerable piece of land at Glas- 
iievin, about one mile from Dublin, at the north side of 
the city, which they have disposed as a botanic garden, with 
great judgment ; and an eminent professor delivers 
lectures at their rooms in the garden, during the spring 
season. This garden, laid out and designed by the present 
professor, contains 27 acres, 20 perches English, or 16. 
2. 39. Irish acres ; and is inferior, in size, to but one of 
the same description, that is, the Botanic garden of 
Jamaica : the ground has every advantage in quality of 
soil, and aspect of its banks, and is watered by a well- 
supplied stream, the river Tolka. — The classification of 
the plants is as follows : — 

The Linnsean garden, which contains two divisions,— 
Herbaceous plants, and shrub-fruit ; and forest -tree plants. 

2. Garden arranged on the system of Jussieu. 

3. Garden of Indigenous plants (to Ireland), disposed 
according to the system of Linnaeus. 

4. Kitchen Garden, where six apprentices are con- 
stantly employed, who receive a complete knowledge of 
systematic botany. 

5. Medicinal plants. 

6. Plants eaten, or rejected, by cattle. 

7. Plants used in rural economy. 

8. Plants used in dyeing. 

9. Rock plants. 

10. Aquatic and marsh plants, -<-For which an artificial 
marsh has been formed, 

lie Cryptogamics. 

12, Flower garden, besides extensive hot-houses, and 
P3 



30 DUBLM SOCIETY. 

a conservatory for exotics. Near the centre of the garden, 
stand the professor's-house, and lecture-room, — where lec- 
tures are delivered in the spring, and of which one end com- 
municates with the conservatory, for the purpose of more 
easily introducing any of the exotics required at lecture. 
The "lectures commence in May, and continue to Sep- 
tember; the hour of attendance, eight in the morning, 
three days in the week. The introductory lecture is 
delivered" at the Society's house in Dublin ; the garden 
is open to the public on Tuesdays and Fridays ; on other 
days, an order from a member of the society, procures 
immediate admission. 

The Botanic Establishment comprises a Professor, a 
Superintendant, two Assistants, twelve Gardeners, and 
six apprentices. 

The Veterinary Establishment is similar to that in Lon- 
don ; there are two eminent lecturers, and a veterinary 
museum. 

One of the most important objects of this institution, 
is the cultivation of mineralogy ; to promote which the 
society purchased, in the year 1792, the museum of M. 
Leske, professor of Natural History, at Marburg, a dis- 
tinguished pupil of the illustrious Werner ; this collection 
was subsequently improved by Kirwan, the Irish Philo- 
sopher* The classification of the minerals is Werner's, 
and is as follows: — 1. Characteristic collection. 2. The 
Systematic. 3. Geological. 4. Geographical. 5. Eco- 
nomical. The Irish minerals form a distinct collection, 
distributed according to the arrangement of the thirty-two 
counties, and is called u Museum Hibernicum." This 
valuable collection of specimens is open to students at all 
hours, and to the public on Monday, Wednesday and 
Friday, from 12 to 3 o'clock. Sir Charles G. S. Giesecke, 
is the present professor. 

The Drawing School, is divided into three depart- 
ments 5 landscape, figure, and architecture, to which is 
added a school of sculpture or modelling ; over each of 
these a different master presides, who gives instruction 
three times each week, and three hours at each sitting. 
The pupils of the figure-school, are occasionally provided 
with a living figure* to perfect their sketches of the 



DUBLIN SOCIETY, 31 

human frame, and all this is gratuitous* About two 
hundred pupils partake of this advantage, and from the 
exhibitions of native genius and education presented at 
the annual display of drawings formerly made in the 
society's house, the beneficial consequences were mani- 
fest. The first regular place of meeting used by the 
society, was in Shaw's-court, till October 1/67, when: 
they removed to a convenient building which they had 
erected in Grafton-street ; from this latter place they re- 
moved in 17.96, to Hawkins-street, where they had built 
an edifice for their Repository, Laboratory, Galleries, 
Library, &c. In 1815, they purchased the mansion 
of the Duke of Leinster, in Kildare-street, for the 
sum of 20,000/., eleven of which have been paid off 
since. This is one of the most noble private residences 
in Europe ; the entrance is from Kildare-street, through. 
o grand gate-way of rusticated architecture, leading into 
a spacious court. The front of this palace is ornamented 
with four Corinthian columns on a rusticated basement 
story, and is crowned by a pediment, with a plain tym- 
panum -, between the pedestals of the columns are balus- 
trades. The windows are ornamented by architraves, and 
those of the first story have circular and angular pedi- 
ments alternately ; at the rear of the building is a lawn of 
great extent, separated from Merrion-square by a low 
wall, and occupving the greater part of the western side 
of the square. ^The hall is a noble lofty room, and has 
an elegantly ornamented ceiling; at the end, you pass 
between large pillars into a long gallery at right angles 
to the length of the hall, in which are the board-room, 
news-room, secretary's apartments, &c. 

Hall. — In three squared niches above the front arcade 
are large busts of Nero, Vespasian, and Brutus ; over one 
of the doors on the right hand side, are busts of Mithri- 
dates, Alexander, and Homer ; and on the adjacent chimney 
piece those of Plautilla, the Farnese Hercules, anci 
Gaeta. Above one of the doors on the opposite side, are 
busts of Commodus, Pompey, and JVJarcus Aurelius ; and 
above the other, those of two Senators, between which 
stands Ariadne. In the recesses of the arcades are 
Clythia and Niobe's daughter. There are also statues of 
the Belvidere Apollo, Venus de' Medici, and Caligula, 



32 StiBLlti SOCIETY. 

resting oil pedestals. But the most interesting works in this 
part of the buildings, are the performances of several young 
artists educated in the Society's schools; among which a 
bust of Young the tragedian, by Behnes, is admirable. This 
young artiit purposes to evince his gratitude to the insti- 
tution, by presenting them with a statue of his present 
majesty, which he is now executing, and which is to be 
placed in the new drawing school. Prometheus chained 
to the rock, by Gallaghan, is a classical conception, and 
is executed with ability. The busts of the late Serjeant 
Ball, Hamilton Rowan, — Reeves, Esq., Rev. Mr. Taylor, 
and Mr. Farren the comedian, have all been admired for 
their style, but more particularly for the extreme accu- 
racy of tha likenesses ; and are all by the pupils of the 
Society's schools. 

Gallery of Statuary, Busts, &c. — This collection 
occupies two rooms, and is as favourably disposed as 
the very awkward and imperfect accommodation which these 
apartment! afford, can admit of. 

The first room contains casts from the Elgin Marbles, 
consisting of ornaments taken from the Friezes of the 
Parthenon at Athens. There are also the Metopes of the 
exterior frieze, representing the Centaurs and Lapithse, 
&c. 

Near the entrance door, a reclining figure, in large life, 
much mutilated, represents Theseiis or Hercules; and 
opposite is the Ilissus. The horse's head is tolerably 
perfect and very fine. 

The second room contains — Statues of a Faun, a Gladi- 
ator, Bacchus, a Roman Slave, a Grecian Venus, the Lao- 
coon, and Belvedere Apollo, Pugilists, Venus de' Medici 
(the gift of I. Weld, Esq.), and Antinous : with the 
following busts, Niobe's son, Ariadne, a River God, 
Antinous, a Vestal Virgin, Niobe, and Susanna. 

Jnner Hall. — Within the arcade in the great hall, 
and at either side of the door leading to the secretary's 
room, conversation and board rooms, are statues of 
Apollo de' Medici and Flora, on handsome pedestals. On 
the left is the door leading by the principal staircase, to 
the Library and Museum. Concealing a disused door- 
way, which opened into the state parlour, is a figure of 
Susanna in large life ; and on the landing at the foot of 



DUBLIN SOCIETY, 33 

the stairs, is a painting on a large scale, a copy by 
Tresham (who was instructed in the Society's school), 
from Michael Angelo's Last Judgment; and on the right, 
as you ascend, is a model of the celebrated wooden bridge, 
at Schaffhausen in Switzerland, presented to the Society 
in 1771, by Lord Bristol. The original, which was de- 
stroyed by the French in their retreat from Switzerland, 
was 365 feet in length; and consisted of two arches, 
whose chords measured, the one 172, the other 193 feet, 
which appear to spring from a pier in the centre, the 
remains of a stone bridge. On the next landing is a 
figure of Mercury seated on a pedestal. 

The Library. — At the head of the stairs are the doors 
of the Library and Museum. The former is a noble 
apartment in the western wing, 67 feet by about 30 (inde- 
pendently of a semi-circular recess), and surrounded by a 
light gallery. Here is an excellent collection of about 
12,000 books, particularly rich in Botanic works ; amongst 
which is a very valuable work in four large folio volumes, 
" Gramina Austriaca," by Nicholas Thomas Host; the 
gift of the Duke of Bedford, when Lord Lieutenant of 
Ireland. The MSS. are bound in 17 vols : most of them 
are copies of those of Bishop Sterne, made by Walter 
Harris, the historian ; from whose widow they were pur- 
chased for £500 : they contain copies of the Annals of 
Innisfallen and Multifernan, and several tracts on ancient 
Irish history. The only original documents known to exist 
in this collection, are those which formerly belonged to 
Archbishop King. Harris's catalogue of these MSS. is 
imperfect. — On pedestals, in the piers of the recess, stand 
two well-executed marble busts by Van Nost, of Dr. 
Prior and Dr. Madan, the founders of the Society. There 
is a series of volumes in the Library, of which the Society 
may not improperly be styled the Authors, viz. the 
County Surveys ; works undertaken at their instance, and 
published at their expense ; some of which are de- 
servedly esteemed. The Survey of Gal way has been 
added to the series in 1824. 

The Museum.— This interesting and instructive collec- 
tion occupies six rooms en suite* 

The First Room contains a miscellaneous assemblage of 
curiosities. In a glass case, near the. western window, is a 



34 DUBLIN SOCIETY. 

mummy in a very perfect state of preservation. The interior 
of the coffin-lid is adorned with grotesque figures and hiero- 
glyphic characters, whose colouring is exceedingly vivid. 
Near this is a figure clad in the armour of one of the 
Tiger-guards of Tippoo Sultan. A curious Earthen 
Urn is shown, found by the Bishop of Derry near his 
seat, Faughan, on Lough Swilly ; it was full of bones 
and ashes, and beneath the stump of an oak tree, which 
was probably some centuries buried in the earth. In one 
of the flat cases may be seen, a curious ancient Irish regal 
sceptre, made of iron, inlaid with gold, which was found 
in a bog in the county of Clare. This relic was much 
admired by his majesty, when he visited the Museum, 
and he is said to have examined it minutely. In the case of 
Irish curiosities, an old Bassoon is preserved, found in 
the ruins of Dunluce Castle. In the same case is a small 
brass figure, the head, arms and legs of which were 
formally moveable ; and a large silver Brooch with Ogham 
inscriptions on the back (described by Gen. Valancey in 
his Collectanea, who asserts these characters to be the 
names of certain Irish Kings) with several ancient Irish 
weapons. 

Around the room, on little brackets, stand four brazen 
Lamas, taken from a Temple at Nepaul in Hindostan, by 
Lieutenant Boileau, whose life paid the forfeit of his 
temerity, being shortly after poisoned by the Indians to 
punish what they deemed sacrilege. — A verv beautiful 
specimen of the Igneus Ibis, i. e. the glossy Ibis. This 
is one of three shot by Colonel Patrickson, near Bally- 
mulney-house in the county of Longford. Here is also a 
Golden Oriale, killed in the town of Wicklow, by Coun- 
sellor Coates : this bird is chiefly an inhabitant of Spain. 

In the windows are some very beautiful specimens of 
stained glass, the gift and performance of Mr. M'Alister, 
who attained considerable eminence by his revival of this 
long lost art.* In the centre of the room stands an in- 

* " The windows (of Lismore Cathedral) are of stained glass, richly and 
exquisitely executed, the work of a native artist, George M'Alister of Dublin, 
who devoted his youth and talents to discover the lost art of painting on 
glass, and who died at an early age, after having made himself master of the 
secret."— Ryland's History of Waterford, p. 337. This young artist who died 
at the age of 26, in 1812, was the son of Mr, John M'Alister, head porter of 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. 35 

teresting model of Stonehenge : and close by is another 
model of as strange an Irish curiosity, a circular building, 
called the stairs, discovered in the county of Kerry, not 
many years since. In 1787 General Valancey attempted 
an explanation of its former application ; and in 1811 Mr. 
Leslie Foster, and Mr. Roehfort commissioners for re- 
claiming the bogs in Ireland, procured careful sketches of 
the whole, from which this model was copied. The sup- 
position of its having been a Milesian Amphitheatre is 
not confirmed by any reasoning of a satisfactory nature. 
Some pearls found in various rivers through the kingdom 
are also exhibited here. The best have been found in the 
River Bann in Ulster, and may probably explain the deri- 
vation of this river's name, " Ban signifying white/* 

Second Room. — Here the animal kingdom is displayed, 
arranged in six classes. 1. Mammalia. 2. Aves. 3. 
Amphibia. 4. Pisces. 5. Insectae. 6. Vermes. — Here is 
a great variety of shells, butterflies and beetles, and of 
the most beautiful species. Over one of the cases lies 
extended the stuffed skin of the very Boa Constrictor, 
described by M'Leod in his " Voyage of the Alceste." 
A yellow-breasted Martin ; a large Otter, shot in Bray river, 
with a trout in his mouth ; and a Chamois in the warm 
clothing with which nature protects him from the rigours 
of the wintry season, in his Alpine country, presented by 
the Archduke John of Austria, are the most important 
objects in the second room. 

The Third Room contains the mineralogical portion of 
the collections [See page 30]. In this apartment are two 
very beautiful models of Chinese state pleasure-boats made 
of ivory, mother of pearl, &c, the one representing a 
bird, the other a beast. 

In the Fourth Room are developed the Natural History of 
Greenland and the habits of the natives, in a very accu- 
rate manner. On one side is a Greenlander's hut, supplied 
with all its accustomed furniture, at the entrance of which 
stand the dwarf inhabitants. Around, in splendid cases, 

the University. The principal of his works are in the windows of the 
Cathedral of Tuam; where are full-length figures of the four Evangelists; 
Moses holding up the serpent in the Wilderness ; the arms and crest of the 
Waterford family; one of the members of which, the Lord Decies, was 
Archbishop, at the period of the insertion of these windows : with various 
ornaments in the remaining windows.— See GenP$ t Mag* July, 18X2. 



36 DUBLIN SOCIETY. 

are innumerable mineralogical specimens from the same 
terra inhospita ; and in one of the windows are the head 
and tasks of that extraordinary animal, the Walrus. 
Many other interesting curiosities and natural produc- 
tions are contained in this apartment, all of which were 
collected by the present professor of Mineralogy, Sir 
Charles Giesecke, during a residence of three years in 
Greenland and the Northern regions ; of whom there 
is, over the door opening to the corridor, an admirable 
portrait, by Sir H. Raeburn. 

The Fifth Room contains the remaining, or geological 
part of the original Leskean collection, fiesides the mi- 
neralogical specimens in this apartment, there are some 
very interesting antiques presented by the late George 
Latouche, Esq. Amongst these are ten large Etruscan 
Vases ; one case of smaller ones ; a case of various small 
urns, ornaments, and figures, all from the ruins of Pompeii. 
There are also 74 paintings on Vellum, the subjects of 
which are copied from the different designs upon the 
Vases. There are three bronze figures, a Bacchanalian, 
a very beautiful Venus, and a mutilated figure not unlike 
the usual statue of Caracalla. Here is also a collection 
of Siberian polished stones, presented to the Society by 
Lord Whitworth (when Lord Lieutenant, 2nd January, 
1817), to whom they had been given by the Empress Ca- 
therine of Russia. 

The Sixth Room, is the Museum Hibernicum ; and con- 
tains mineralogical and geological specimens from the 
thirty-two counties of Ireland. Some Irish gold from the 
Cran Kinshela mine in the county of Wicklow, and a fac- 
simile of the largest piece ever found there. There are 
several parts of the Irish Moose Deer's antlers over the 
cases in this room, and one or two busts and figures. A 
small figure of the right Hon. John Foster (now Lord 
Oriel), and busts of Archduke John of Austria, and Sir 
Charles Giesecke ; the latter are not part of the Museum 
property. 

The Chemical Laboratory is finished in the most modern 
and improved manner, and the apparatus is of the most 
scientific description, such as the present learned pro- 
fessor is entitled to : here, an annual course of public 
lectures is delivered, and there is accommodation for 400 
auditors* 



DUBLIN SOCIETY. 37 

The Apartments appropriated to the use of members, 
are all en suite on the ground floor. They are the Board 
and Conversation rooms, Ante-room, and Secretary's office, 
or Sub-committee room. The Board-room is a noble apart-* 
ment, a little too low, but otherwise of fair proportion, 
67 feet by about 36, with a rich ceiling, supported by 
columns at each end. In a spacious semi-circular recess 
stands a fine canopied President's chair, richly carved and 
gilded, a memento of Ireland's departed greatness, having 
formerly been that of the Speaker of the Irish House of 
Commons : and here, too, is a full-length portrait, by Sir 
W. Beechy, of a nobleman, who once so ably filled it, Lord 
Oriel, better known as the Right Hon. John Foster. 
Corresponding with this, is a portrait of Richard Kirwan, 
the face of which w r as painted by Hamilton. 

Over the chimney-pieces are two small frames contain-* 
ing banditti scenes (small life), in white marble, the one 
by Smyth, the other by Kirk. In the original grand 
entrance to this spacious room, and directly opposite to 
the President's chair, is a bust of his present Majesty, who 
visited this institution in August 1821. 

The Board-room communicates with the Conversation- 
room, an apartment of considerable, though much inferior, 
dimensions, where is a portrait of a once distinguished 
member, and very meritorious antiquarian, General Va- 
lancy. Here are likewise a series of 42 architectural 
drawings from classic remains of antiquity, by Mr. 
Tracey, made at the expense of Henry Hamilton, Esq., of 
Fitz william Square. 

In the Ante-room is a portrait in crayons, of Coun- 
sellor Wolfe ; and two marble busts, one of Lord Chester- 
field, the other of Mr. Maple, the first Secretary to the 
Society. In the Secretary's room is the collection of paint- 
ings presented by Thomas Pleasants, Esq. to the Society, 
together with a portrait of himself, by Solomon Williams. 
In the collection are the following : — The Visitation of the 
Shepherds ; the Dream ; Narcissus ; Joseph and Mary $ 
two landscapes by Barrett ; two large battle pieces ; two 
smaller battle pieces ; the Magdalene in a Wilderness ; St. 
Paul preaching; the Holy Family; Peg Woffington, by 
Sir Joshua Reynolds ; Head of Captain Ram, by Hogarth, 
&c. Also two plates of plaster of Paris Medals, Swift, 



58 FARMING SOCIETY. 

(said to be a faithful likeness), Malohe, Sparks, Wood- 
ward, Ryder $ and a statue of Handel. 

The Drawing schools are at present held in the offices 
of Leinster House, but will, in the course of this year 
(1825), be transferred to a range of buildings erecting 
for their reception, under the superintendance of the 
society's architect, Mr. Baker. The entrance is beneath 
the northern colonnade adjoining the lawn : the entire build- 
ing measures 127 feet, disposed in the following manner : 
a vestibule 20 feet by 10, a stair-case, leading to a 
spacious and lofty gallery 90 feet by 30, in which the 
collection of statuary will be arranged (see page 32). In a 
niche at the end of this noble apartment, will be placed 
Behnes's statue of his Majesty. On the basement story is 
the school-room, 40 feet by 30, where the pupils are 
gratuitously instructed in architecture, landscape and 
figure-drawing, by eminent masters. There are two other 
apartments, one for making drawings, the other models 
from life. All the apartments are warmed by heated air ; 
the front is towards the lawn, and is neatly finished to 
imitate granite. 

Farming Society. — This society was instituted in 1800, 
and incorporated by royal charter 1815. Its objects 
are, the improvement of agriculture and live stock, 
and the growth of timber. Of this institution, so im- 
portant iii such a country as Ireland, the late Marquis 
of Sligo was the founder. It is directed by a presi- 
dent, a vice-president, and twenty-one directors ; — 
five of whom are changed every year : candidates are 
elected by ballot. Besides this establishment at Sum- 
mer Hill, Dublin, there is a depot at Balinasloe, in 
Connaught, where they hold annual meetings, during the 
time of the fair, from the fifth to the ninth of October. 
The house at Summer Hill, though not distinguished by 
architectural ornament, is convenient for its purposes : it 
contains the apartments of the inferior officers, with a 
Board-room and Library. — There is a small garden at the 
rear for the preservation of specimens of grass ; an enclo- 
sure surrounded by sheds, in which the spring show of 
fat cattle is held ; and an auction-house, for the sale of 
fine wool. There is, besides, a factory for making all 
kinds of implements connected with husbandry, accord- 



ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, 39 

ing* to the latest improvements. To encourage the breed 
of cattle, the society have an annual spring show, of black 
cattle, sheep, and swine; on which occasion premiums 
are distributed; and, by an adjudication of rewards for 
broad cloth manufactured in Ireland, from Irish wool, 
cloth of an excellent description has already been produced. 

The society is supported by occasional grants from Par- 
liament, donations, and the subscriptions paid by members 
on their admission. The principal officers are a Secretary 
and Registrar. 

Royal Irish Academy. — As early as 1683, the cele- 
brated Mr. Molyneaux endeavoured to establish a society, 
similar to the Royal Society of London; yet, though 
fostered by the protection of Sir W. Petty, its president, 
it was but of five years continuance. In 1744, the Physico- 
Historical Society was instituted, whose chief object 
was, to inquire into the antiquities of Ireland ; and, under 
their auspices, some statistical surveys were made. At 
length, after fruitless efforts, in 1782, a number of gentle- 
men, chiefly members of the university, associated to- 
gether, for the purpose of promoting general and useful 
knowledge ; and, in 1 786, a patent was granted for the 
incorporation of the Royal Irish Academy, to promote the 
study of polite literature, science, and antiquities, It 
consists of a patron (his Majesty), a visitor (the Lord-lieu- 
tenant), a president, four vice-presidents, a treasurer, two 
secretaries, and a council of twenty-one, which is sub- 
divided into three committees — the first, of science ; the 
second, of polite literature ; the third, of antiquities. 

The committee of science meet the first Monday, the 
committee of polite literature, the second, and the com- 
mittee of antiquities, the third, and the Academy at 
large on the fourth Monday of every month, at eight 
o'clock in the evening. The academy is on the west side 
of Grafton-street, opposite the Provost's house. In addi- 
tion to a large apartment for meetings of the society, 
ornamented by portraits of Lord Charlemont and Mr. Kir- 
wan, the mineralogist, it is furnished with a tolerable 
library, in which are to be found three Irish MSS. of 
very ancient date — the Book of Lecan, the Book of 
Balimote, and a MS. called the Speckled Book of M'Egan. 
The members can consult the books at pleasure, The 



40 DUBLIN INSTITUTION. 

society occasionally bestow premiums for the best essays on 
given subjects, and persons not members are at liberty to 
become competitors. These compositions form their Trans- 
actions, which now amount to twelve or fourteen quarto 
volumes of exceedingly interesting matter. Members are 
elected by ballot, and an entrance fee of five guineas is 
required, with a subscription of two guineas per annum. 
There are 180 members. Parliament grants to this Insti- 
tution 700/. per annum. 

Kirwanian Society. — This society, formed in 1812, 
borrows its name from that great chemist and mineralogist 
Kirwan ; its objects are, the advancement of chemistry, 
mineralogy, and all other branches of natural history. 
The subscription is one guinea per annum. 

Iberno-Celtic Society. — This association met De- 
cember 11th, 1808, in a regular manner, for the preserva- 
tion of the venerable remains of Irish literature, by col- 
lecting and publishing the numerous fragments of laws, 
history, topography, poetry, and music of ancient Ireland; 
for the elucidation of the language, antiquities, and cus- 
toms of the Irish people, and the encouragement of 
works tending to the advancement of Irish literature. 

To promote the objects for which this society has been 
formed, attempts have been made, many years 'since, and 
by individuals of wealth and talent. Edmund Burke 
caused the Seabright MSS. to be deposited in the library 
of Trinity college, for that purpose : General Valancy, 
(author of the Irish Grammar, and of the Collectanea de 
Rebus Hibernicis) and the learned Dr. Young (Bishop of 
Clonfert) are to be found amongst the assistants to this 
desirable object. In 1808, the Society published a volume 
of Transactions. The terms of admission as a member are 
24o\ per annum, or 2s. 2d. per month. The Lord Lieute- 
nant is patron, and the Duke of Leinster president. 

Dublin Institution. — This institution was opened 
1811, in a spacious house in Sackville-street ; J 5,000/. 
having been raised upon 300 transferable debentures, at 
50/. each. With this sum a library was established, a 
lending library added, a lecture-room fitted up in a 
handsome style, with a philosophical apparatus, and a 
lecturer in Natural History appointed. The first, and 
part of the second floor, is occupied by the library - 7 the 



MARSH'S LIBRARY. 41 

parlours are used as news-rooms. The number of mem- 
bers is about 600, part proprietors and part subscribers ; and 
the subscription is three guineas per annum. The lectures 
in Natural Philosophy have been discontinued, and the 
lecture-room latterly let to a Methodist congregation. 
Proprietors, paying one guinea per annum, have the privi- 
lege of introducing a visiter, not generally residing in 
Dublin, for one month. 

Dublin Library Society. — The origin of this now 
numerous society can be traced to the meeting of a few 
persons at a bookseller's, No. 80 Dame-street, to read 
newspapers and new publications. Growing too numerous, 
they removed, in 1791, to a house in Eustace-street, and 
assumed the name and form of a regular society. The 
gradual increase of members requiring a still larger house, 
on the 5th January, 1809, they removed to No. 2 
Burgh-quay, near Carlisle-bridge, one of the most central 
situations in the city; and on 18th Sept. 1820, to a neat 
and elegant edifice, with a stone front, erected purposely 
for their use, in D'Olier-street, but a few yards from their 
former situation. This very pretty and convenient struc- 
ture wss built by Messrs. Henry, Mullins, and M'Mahon, 
after a design by G. Papworth, Esq.; the original contract 
was for 4,800/. ; but alterations, &c. increase!! the total ex- 
pense to 5,594/. lis. 2\d. The library, which is very ex- 
tensive, cost upwards of 8,000/. j and is admirably chosen. 
It is open every day from ten till five, and from seven till 
ten. There is also a reading-room, with English, Scotch, 
Irish, French, and American newspapers. The business 
of the society is conducted by a president, four vice-pre- 
sidents, and a committee of twenty-one, chosen annually 
from amongst the members, by bailot, besides a treasurer, 
librarian, and assistant. Terms, for the first year, two 
guineas, afterwards one. Every member is admitted to 
the advantage of the lending or circulating library, on 
paying one guinea per annum additional. The number of 
subscribers is about 1,500. 

Marsh's Library. — In 1694, Dr. Narcissus Marsh, 
Archbishop of Dublin, established a public library in the 
vicinity of St. Patrick's Cathedral, for which purpose he 
purchased Dr. Stillingfleet's collection of books. The 
library-room coasists of two galleries, meeting at a right 
e 3 



42 CATHEDRAL OP ST. PATRICK. 

angle; and in this angle is the librarian's room, who, 
consequently, has a view of the entire library at once. 
The Stillingileet collection is in one of the galleries ; and 
donations, and modern productions, in the other. To 
gain admission, a certificate, or introduction is necessary. 
—The library is open every day from 11 to 3, Sundays 
and holidays excepted : it is under the government of 
trustees, appointed by act of parliament, who make annual 
visits. The situation of this library is so very incon- 
venient and remote from the respectable part of the 
city, and the books it contains so obsolete, that the 
public do not derive much advantage from it. Amongst 
the MSS.are twelve volumes illustrative of the History of 
Ireland, the Repertorium Viride, the Liber Niger of Arch- 
bishop Alan,, &c. 



CATHEDRALS. 



CATHEDRAL OF ST, PATRICK. 

The Cathedral dedicated to this celebrated Apostle of 
Ireland, was built by John Coinyn, Archbishop of Dublin, 
in 1190; for which purpose, he received many munificent 
grants. It is supposed, that on the same site there stood 
a chapel built by the saint himself in the year 448. — The 
founder of this church created thirteen Prebendaries, 
which number was increased to fifteen by Henry de 
Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin, about the year 
1220, who also appointed a Dean, Chanter, and Chan- 
cellor, and modelled its government on that of the English 
cathedrals. 

About one hundred years after the death of Henry de 
Loundres, through the* shameful negligence of the cathe- 
dral servants, this noble edifice was completely burned 
down. — But, in less than two years after, it was rebuilt, 
and the steeple and spire added, of which Archbishop 
Minot laid the foundation stone, 13/0. In the reign 
of Philip and Mary, 1555, the rights and privileges 
of this cathedral were established, The chapter was 



; 



CATHEDRAL OP ST. PATRICK. 43 

appointed to consist of the dean, two archdeacons, a 
chancellor, treasurer, twenty-two canonical prebendaries, 
six inferior canons, sixteen vicars-choral, and six choristers. 
This building* consists of a nave, transept, and choir : 
the former, which is 130 feet in length, has two side- 
aisles, much decayed, and wanting considerably of their 
original elegance, but kept remarkably neat. They com- 
municate with the centre of the nave by large pointed 
arches of a particularly beautiful style, supported by 
plain octagonal pillars. The nave is lighted by a very 
large window in the western end, over the grand entrance. 
— On one side of the centre stands a handsome monument 
to the memory of Doctor Thomas Smyth, Archbishop of 
Dublin, who died in 1771 ; and immediately opposite, 
that of Dr. Narcissus Marsh, a man remarkable for piety, 
learning, and liberality. — He filled the situations of dean, 
provost, bishop, archbishop, and, finally, primate of all 
Ireland. — Before his death (which happened Nov. 2nd, 
1713, at the age of 75), he bestowed on the public a mag- 
nificent collection of books [see page 41.] This monu- 
ment was originally erected against the side Avail of the 
library ; but, suffering much from the effects of the weather, 
it was removed hither. It consists of a canopy, ornamented 
with drapery, of white marble, and two handsome Corin- 
thian columns, between which is a Latin inscription. 

Archbishop Smyth's monument consists of two columns 
of the Ionic order, supporting an entablature and semi- 
circular pediment, on which rests a mitre ; the centre of 
the pediment is occupied by the bishop's arms ; under- 
neath stands a large urn of white marble inserted in a 
niche, and below the urn, a bas-relief head. This magni- 
ficent monument, which cost upwards of 1,500^., was de- 
signed by Van Nost, and executed by his pupil, John 
Smyth. 

On the north side of the nave, attached to one of the 
pillars, is a handsome monument of white marble, to the 
memory of the Earl of Cavan, who died Nov. 2nd, 177&, 
aged 56. A sarcophagus supports a figure of Minerva, 
surrounded by military emblems. Behind, an urn is seen, 
resting on a column, against which is suspended a medal- 
lion of the deceased Earl. 

On the south side of the nave, and near St. Patrick's 



44 CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK, 

gate, a handsome monument of white marble is affixed 
to one of the columns, dedicated to the memory of John 
Ball, Esq. Serjeant at Law ; who died the 24th of August, 
1810, in the 60th year of his age. 

On the same column, and only a few feet lower, is a 
white marble slab, to the memory of Mrs. Hester John- 
son, on which is inscribed, 

Underneath lie the mortal remains of Mrs. HESTER JOHNSON, better 
known to the world by the name of STELLA, under which she is celebrated 
in the writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of this cathedral. She was a 
person of extraordinary endowments of body, mind, and behaviour. Justly 
admired and respected by all who knew her, on account of her many eminent 
virtues, as well as for her great natural and acquired perfections. She 
died January 27th, 1727-8, in the 46th year of her age, and by her will 
bequeathed one thousand pounds towards the support of a chaplain to the 
Hospital founded in this city by Dr, Stevens. 

At the western gate, is the monument of Michael Tre- 
gury, Archbishop of Dublin, who died in the year 1471, 
and" left a pair of organs to St. Mary's Chapel. On the 
tomb stone, which is a slab of granite, seven feet long 
and four broad, set upright in the wall, the Archbishop 
is represented with his pontifical habit and crosier. 

Swift's Monument. — On the column next that to 
which the monument of Mrs. Hester Johnson is fixed, is 
that of Dean Swift, with an inscription, expressive of that 
hatred of oppression, and love of liberty, which his other 
writings breathe, for it was written by himself, 

Hie depositum est corpus 

JONATHAN SWIFT, s. t. d. 

Hujus Ecclesiae Cathedralis Decani, 

TJbi saeva indignatio 

Ulterius cor lacerare nequit. 

Abi Viator 

Et imitare, si poteris, 

Strenuum, pro virili, 

Libertatis vindicatorem. 

Obiit 19? die mensis Octobris, a.d. 1743. 

Anno jEtatis 78. 

Immediately over this monumental tablet, is a well- 
executed bust of Swift, by Cunningham, placed there in 
1776, by J. Faulkner, the original printer of his works, 
who at first intended to place this admirable specimen of 
statuary in the front of his house, in Essex-street. 

To the left of the entrance, called St. Paul's Gate, 



CATHEDRAL OP ST. PATRICK. 45 

affixed to the pillar next the door-way, is a small marble 
slab, to the memory of Alexander M* Gee, servant to the 
celebrated Dean. 

At tne north-west end of the south aisle, is the vault 
where the remains of the Rev. J. W. Keating, late Dean 
of St. Patrick's, who died May 6th, 1817, aged 47, are 
entombed. 

In the north aisle, and near the steeple, is the monu- 
ment of Richard Meredith, D.D. Bishop of Leighlin and 
Ferns, and once Dean of this cathedral, who died Aug. 
3rd, 1597. The tomb dedicated to his fame was destroyed 
in the revolution of 1688, when the church was converted 
into a barrack for the military, by order of James If. ; 
but a second tomb has since been erected, a little to the 
east of its former situation. 

Not far from this is a monument to the memory of 
Doctor Martin, Prebendary of St. Patrick's, and rector 
of Killeshandra. 

The monument of the Earl of Rosse consists of a pedes- 
tal supporting a bust of white marble. 

There are some other monuments, for which those who 
desire information are referred to Mason's History. — At 
the north-west angle of the aisle, is the door-way leading 
to the steeple, which was erected in 13/0, at the instance, 
and owing to the zeal, of Archbishop Minot, who, on that 
account, adopted as a device upon his seal, a Bishop hold- 
ing a steeple in his hand. — In 1749, Dr. Sterne, Bishop of 
Clogher, bequeathed 1,000/. towards the erection of a 
spire, which was executed, from the design of George 
Semple, Esq. — The tower is 120 feet in height, and the 
spire 103, making, in all, from the ground to the ball of 
the spire, 223 feet. This spire, it will be supposed, is ex- 
tremely conspicuous from every approach to Dublin, but, 
owing' to the lowness of its situation, it is not visible in 
some of the out-lets of the city. — Within the tower, is 
suspended a ring of eight remarkably sweet-toned bells ; 
on the first of which is the following appropriate motto :- 
" Duret illcesa adpreces excitans, nsque ad sonitum supreme, 
1724." — Returning to the end of the nave, the entrance 
of the choir is reached, beneath a gothic arch-way of 
modern construction, over which, forming the division 
between the nave and choir, is the organ. This organ, 
universally acknowledged the finest-toned in Ireland, was 



46 CATHEDRAL OF ST PATRICK. 

generally thought to have been the workmanship of Smitli, 
of Rotterdam, and was intended to be erected in the church 
of Vigo, in Spain -, but at the moment of its arrival the 
Duke of Ormond made an attack on that town, at tlie head 
of the Allied Fleet, and carried it off with other valuables. 

The Choir. — The choir, which is ninety feet in length, in- 
cluding that portion of the nave where the four principal 
arches intersect, is the finest specimen of pointed architecture 
in the kingdom, richly decorated with niches and recesses, 
called commonly the Friars' walks. — The ceiling, which is 
composed of groined arches, was built of stone, but not long 
since was obliged to be removed, and its place supplied by 
one of stucco, exactly similar to the former, so that the 
choir presents the venerable appearance of an ancient 
cathedral, in its full splendor. — The choir was formerly 
roofed with stone nags, of an azure colour, and inlaid with 
stars of gold ; but the weight of the roof being too great 
for the support beneath, it was removed, and" discovered 
traces of 100 windows. — The exterior walls were supported 
by flying buttresses, with demi-arches -, and there were 
niches in the walls, where statues of the saints were placed, 
but no traces of the niches or statues are to be found at 
this day. — Within the choir are the Archbishop's throne, 
and Prebendal stalls, which are occupied by the knights of 
the most illustrious order of St. Patrick "on Installation 
days. Over each stall are suspended the helmet and 
sword of the knight, and above the gallery, all round, are 
the banners of those who now enjoy the honour of knight- 
hood. — The throne, stalls, and first gallery, in which are 
the Dean's and Archbishop's closets, are very appropriately 
ornamented with carved oak, and scarcely* interfere with 
the architectural beauty of the interior. A second gallery 
was erected previously to the installation in 1819, which 
greatly disfigures the appearance of the choir, and gives it 
rather the air of a theatre, than of a cathedral for divine 
worship. — Notwithstanding this, the whole appearance of 
the choir, from its immense height, the dim light, the in- 
signia of the order of St. Patrick, and the different monu- 
ments, is venerable, magnificent, and imposing. In the 
east end is the altar, at each side of which are tablets sunk 
in recesses, with the ten commandments in gilt letters, 
and the altar-piece* represents a curtain behind a large 

* The altar-piece is from a juvenile detfgn pf Sii John Sterenwn, Mui • J>oe> 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 47 

gothic arch, half-drawn, and just admitting a glory to the 
view ; it is considered well executed, and has an admirable 
effect, being completely in character. 

Monuments in the Choir. — Near the altar, on the 
south wall of the choir, stands the celebrated monument 
of Richard, Earl of Cork, erected in the reign of Charles 
I. ; not more remarkable for its magnificence, and the 
enormous sum it cost, than for the political and ecclesias- 
tical quarrels it was the occasion of. It having been first 
placed where the communion table now stands, Archbishop 
Laud complained to Lord Strafford, the Lord Lieutenant, 
which gave great offence to the descendants of the Earl of 
Cork, "and to Lord Treasurer Weston, whose ancestor, 
Chancellor Weston, was interred here. 

The upper part of the monument contains a figure of 
Weston, Dean of this cathedral, beneath an arch, in a 
cumbent posture, Beneath are two compartments, the 
one occupied by a figure of Sir Geoffrey Fenton, Secretary 
and Privy-councillor to Queen Elizabeth and James I. ; 
and the other by his lady, Alice, daughter of Dean Weston ; 
both in a kneeling attitude. In the next lower chamber, 
are placed two figures, the one of the Earl and the other 
of the Countess, of Cork, in a recumbent posture ; at their 
heads two of their sons are kneeling, in the attitude of 
prayer, and two in the same position, at their feet. In the 
lowest chamber are the Earl's six daughters, with the 
figure of a child, supposed to be the celebrated Sir Robert 
Bovle, all in the attitude of praying. 

Over the door leading from the Choir to the Chapter- 
house, is a monument, a figure in a leaning posture, of 
the Viscountess Doneraiile, who died Dec. 3rd, 1761, and 
was interred in the vault of the Boyle family. 

Opposite to the Earl of Cork's monument, and at a 
considerable height, there is a black slab inserted in the 
wall, consecrated to the memory of the illustrious prince, 
Duke Schomberg, who was slain at the battle of the Boyne, 
in 1690.* 

There is here also a monument to Sir Edward Fiton, 
Lord President of Connaught, in old English characters, 

* In a press in the Chapter-house, a skull, said to be that of Duke Schom- 
berg, is still preserved ; in the forehead of which is a circular aperture, made by 
the bullet which caused his death. 



48 CATHEDRAL OV ST. PATRICK, 

on a brass plate, with the arms engraved on pewter, and 
inlaid on the plate. 

Archbishop Jones's monument, although built in the 
style and manner of Lord Cork's, is deficient in magnifi- 
cence : it consists only of two chambers or stories, in one 
of which is the effigy of the Archbishop, and in the other 
Lord Viscount Ranelagh, with a number of figures kneel- 
ing, their hands raised in a suppliant manner. 

Under the gallery there is a brass plate inserted in the 
Avail, with an inscription, in obsolete English, to the 
memory of Sir Henry Wallop, of Southampton, aucestor 
of Lord Portsmouth, who was buried in this cathedral, in 
1599. — Beneath the steps of the altar the Domvilles have 
been interred, and not far from their burial ground, is the 
grave of Archbishop Talbot. In the choir of this cathe- 
dral also are deposited the remains of Brigadier Fitzpatrick, 
who, with eighty fellow passengers, was drowned near the 
Hill of Howth in the Bay of Dublin, in 1696, in attempt- 
ing to cross the channel from Holy-head to Dublin, in 
the William packet. — In the aisle, to the south of the 
choir, is a monument to the memory of Mrs. Taylor, and 
some of her children. — And another, to the memory of 
Baron William Worth, and his posterity ; who was in- 
terred in the choir, 1682. — Over two small pointed arches 
in the choir, have lately been discovered the arms of King 
John, a crescent and star. These niches are supposed to 
have been the chairs of state. 

The Chapter House. — The old Chapter House, or, 
as it was anciently called, St. Paul's Chapel, occupies 
part of the southern transept, and was an elegant spe- 
cimen of the interior beauty of this cathedral, until it 
was disfigured by a modern arch, introduced for the sup- 
port of the walls which were in a tottering state ; this is 
said to have been the prison of the Inquisition. Here the 
Dean had a throne, and the prebendaries stalls, and the 
banners of the deceased knights of the illustrious order of 
St. Patrick were removed here from the choir, and added 
considerably to its picturesque appearance : it was orna- 
mented also by a statue of the Marquis of Buckingham, 
dressed in the robes of the order, which was instituted 
during his government.* 

* This statue is removed to the Royal Chapter House, f ormerly St, Mary'ir 
Chapel. 



CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK. 49 

St. Mary's Chapel, or Royal Chapter-house, at the 
eastendof the choir, was, until lately, given up to the French 
Protestants, but has since been appropriated to its pre- 
sent use. It is a spacious apartment lighted by narrow 
lancet windows, but has undergone so many alterations, 
that its original character is entirely effaced. There were 
other chapels, but they are now buried in ruins. The 
north entrance, or St. Nicholas Gate, was used as the 
parish church of St. Nicholas Without, until about 1780, 
when it was taken down. In 1820, Dean Ponsonby ob- 
tained a grant from the Board of First-Fruits for its resti- 
tution, which is now nearly accomplished in a chaste and 
appropriate style. Upon the installation of the knights 
held here by his present majesty, August 28th 1821, the 
furniture of the old Chapter-house was removed to this 
chapel, which was fitted up with much splendour for 
the reception of its august visitor, and the chapter of the 
order. 

The old Chapter-house remained unused, and while the 
cathedral was closed in the summer of 1824, Dean Pon- 
sonby directed the old screen to be removed, and the floor 
to be lowered to the level of the great aisle -, when in re- 
moving the rubbish it was discovered, that the original 
floor was nearly 18 inches lower, and upon a farther 
excavation, the altar steps of St. Paul's chapel were 
found, composed of inlaid tiles, and in a very perfect 
state. By the lowest steps of the altar were found three 
stone coffins containing the bones of some prelates. 

In the south aisle near to the door of the Royal Chapter 
House, is a statue of the Right Hon. George Ogle, erected 
by subscription. It is the workmanship of Smyth of 
Dublin. The site of this cathedral has been already 
spoken of as being injudicious, and not merely from its 
being so low, but from a small stream running by it, and 
under Patrick-street, that overflows after rain, and at one 
time inundated the cathedral; to obviate which incon- 
venience, the cathedral floor was raised,* and conse- 
quently part of the pillars, supporting the pointed arches, 
buried ; after which the street was raised, so that the 
cathedral floor is again lower than the external surface, 

* In excavating the floor of St. Paul's Chapel, to reduce it to theleye* 
of the floor of the great aisles, the bases of the pillars haye been exposed. 
F 



50 CATHEDRAL Of ST. PATRICK. 

which very much contributes to render it damp. Until a 
few years back, the side aisle to the east of St. Nicholas 
Gate, was completely filled with rubbish, and impassable ; 
this was cleared away, and rendered one of the most 
elegant walks in the cathedral, and a quantity of scaffolding* 
which supported the roof of the nave, and totally obstructed 
the view, were also removed. These improvements were 
made by Dean Keating, in 1814 and 1816. When the 
North Transept or St. Nicholas's Gate, now rebuilding , shall 
be completed, this venerable edifice will be restored to the 
condition it was in when Sir James Ware asserted it to be 
preferable to all the cathedrals in Ireland for beauty and 
magnificence of structure, and for extent. 

The Deanery-house — at a short distance from the 
cathedral, in the narrowest and filthiest part of Kevin- 
street, is a small, low, handsome building, with a small 
court yard in front. Here are portraits of all the deans 
of this cathedral; and from the portrait of Swift, by 
Bindon, which may be seen here, all the others of him 
have been copied. Dean Ponsonby is now opening Kevin- 
street from the Old Palace to the Deanery Gate, and he 
intends to clear away the old house between the court-yard 
and Patrick-street. 

Archiepiscopal Palace. — There were two palaces 
attached to the see of Dublin, one at a distance of four 
miles from town, and near the village of Tallagh, which 
is still in the possession of his Grace, but long since 
disused. The second is in Kevin-street, close "to the 
Deanery-house. The Dublin palace was an exceedingly 
beautiful building, and but for its miserable site, would 
probably have yet continued to be the Archiepiscopal resi- 
dence : it consisted of a centre and wing's extending about 
150 feet, with a spacious court-yard in from. This 
venerable edifice has been converted into a barrack for 
Horse-police. 

For many years serious contention's existed between 
the Archbishops of Dublin and Armagh, on the question 
of primatial rights ; which were ultimately decided in 
favour of the latter. 



51 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST CHURCH. 

In the year 1214, the see of Dublin was united to that 
of Glendaloch, a village in the county of Wicklow, 
twenty-seven miles from Dublin, which union still exists. 
To this see many valuable endowments were given by 
Innocent III., and by King John. The archbishop of 
Dublin was formerly a member of the privy-council of 
England : he had the rights and privileges of a prince 
palatine within the liberties of the Cross, and a gallows 
for the execution of criminals, within a mile of his 
palace, at a place called Harold's Cross, on the south side 
of the city. Archbishop King erected a handsome build- 
ing in Kevin' s-street, where the seneschal held his court, 
but the consistory-court was held in St. Patrick's cathe- 
dral. — A very remarkable circumstance relative to the 
diocese of Dublin is, that it contains two cathedrals, St. 
Patrick's, and Christ-church or the Blessed Trinity. The 
cathedral of Christ-church was built in 1038, by Sitricus, 
the son of Amlave, King of the Ostmen of Dublin, and 
Donat or Dunan, the first Ostman bishop, who was 
buried in the choir, at the right-hand side of the commu- 
nion table, 10/4. This cathedral stands on a range of 
arches, erected by the Danes as stores for merchandize -, 
and in these vaults, St. Patrick first appealed to the inha- 
bitants of Dublin in behalf of the Christian religion. It 
was at first called the cathedral of the Holy Trinity, and 
was erected for secular canons ; but, in 1163, these 
canons were changed into Arrasians (so called from the 
diocese of Arras in Flanders). — The chapel of St. Michael's, 
formerly J attached to the cathedral, was built by Donat, 
who also built the chapel of St. Nicholas, on the 
north side of the cathedral, together with the transept 
and nave. The choir, the steeple, and two chapels, the 
one dedicated to St. Edmund, King and Martyr, and to 
St. Mary the White, and the other to St. Laud, were all 
built at the joint labour and expense of Archbishop Law- 
rence O'Toole (son of Maurice p'Tooie, prince of Imaly), 
Richard Strongbow, Earl of Strigul, Robert Fitzstephens, 
and Raymond 1 le Gross. In the archives mention is made 



i 



52 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST CHURCH. 

of a chapel in the south aisle adjoining the choir, formerly 
dedicated to the Holy Ghost ; hut after the canonization 
of Archbishop Lawrence, it was generally called St. 
Lawrence OToole's chapel. Anciently the prior and 
convent of Christ-church had a cell of the canons in the 
diocese of Armagh, endowed with the churches of St. 
Mary of Drumsalan, and of Philip ston-Nugent. But 
Albert, Archbishop of Armagh, in consequence of the 
great distance from Christ-church, with the consent of 
the patron, suppressed the cell, The three immediate 
successors of Lawrence, were John Comyn, Henry 
Loundres, and Luke, who were also amongst the principal 
benefactors of this cathedral. The choir was built at the 
sole expense of John de St. Paul, Archbishop of Dublin, 
in 1658. 

On the 11th January, 1283, John Derlington being 
then Archbishop of Dublin, a party of Scotchmen set 
fire to one side of Skinner-row, which communicating to 
the cathedral, destroyed the steeple, chapter-house, dor- 
mitory, and cloisters* In the year 1300 an agreement was 
made between the chapters of* both cathedrals, Patrick's 
and Christ-church, that each church should be called 
Cathedral and Metropolitan, but that Christ-church should 
have precedence, as being the elder church, and that 
the archbishops should be "buried alternately in the two 
cathedrals. On the 25th March, 1395, four Irish kings, 
after having performed their vigils and heard mass, re- 
ceived knighthood from Richard II., in the church of this 
priory, and were afterwards entertained by him at his own 
table : and in 1450, a parliament was held in the church 
by Henry VI. — In 1487 Lambert Siinnell, the imposter, 
was crowned in this cathedral by the title of Edward VI. 
The crown used on this occasion was borrowed from a 
statue of the Virgin, which stood in the church of St. 
Mary les Dames, and shortly after he received the homage 
of the citizens in the castle. 

In 1508 Robert Castele, alias Paynes wick, a canon re- 
gular of the priory of Lanthony, was installed on the 
4th of July, and the same year* the staff of St. Patrick, 
which was brought hither from Armagh, as a relic of great 
estimation, was publicly burned. At this time the prior 
sat in the House of Peers, as a spiritual lord, but letters 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST CHURCH* 53 

patent, dated 10th May, 1541, changed the priory into a 
deanery and chapter, continued their former estates and 
immunities, and appointed the prior Payneswick the first 
dean. This new foundation consisted of a dean, chanter, 
chancellor, treasurer, and six vicars choral. — Archbishop 
Brown erected three prebends in this cathedral, in 1544, 
St. Michael's, St. Michan's, and St. John's ; and from 
this period, the cathedral has been called the cathedral of 
Christ-church, instead of that of the Blessed Trinity. 
Edward VI. added six priests and two choristers, or sing- 
ing boys, with an annual pension of 45/. payable out of 
his Majesty's exchequer. — Mary confirmed that grant, 
and added another gift out of her bounty, and James I. 
farther increased the revenues of the cathedral 5 so that in 
his reign, besides the officers already named, there were 
three prebendaries and four choristers. — He also ordained 
that the Archdeacon of Dublin should have a stall in this 
cathedral, and a voice and seat in the chapter in all capi- 
tular acts relating to it. 

In 1559, a parliament was held in a room in this cathe- 
dral, called the Commons'-house. On April 3rd, 1562, 
the roof of the church fell in, by which the monument 
of Earl Strongbow was much injured ; but it was 
replaced shortly after, together with that of Earl Desmond, 
which was brought here from Drogheda. 

In this cathedral were preserved the following religious 
relics : A crucifix, which had spoken twice $ the staff 
of our Lord; St. Patrick's high altar of marble, on which 
a leper was miraculously conveyed from Great Britain to 
Ireland ; a thorn of our Saviour's crown j part of the 
Virgin Mary's girdle; some of the bones of St. Peter and 
St. Andrew ; the shrine of St. Cubius, &c. 

We have already mentioned who first held the Deanery 
of Christ-church, to whom, up to the present time, about 
twenty deans have succeeded —In 1677, William Moreton, 
the tenth dean, was installed ; but James II. ap- 
pointed Alexius Stafford, a secular priest of the county 
of Wexford, dean, who, officiating as chaplain to the royal 
army, was slain at the battle of Aughrim, 1691 ; after 
which, Moreton resumed his duties, having previously 
been created Bishop of Kildare.-^The eleventh dean was 
Welhore Ellis, who was installed 12th of November, 1705, 
f3 



54 CATHEDRAL OP CHRIST CHURCH. 

and was also made bishop of Kildare, from which time 
the Deanery has been held in commendam with that 
bishopric.-— This cathedral was originally in the middle 
of the city ; and although Dublin has increased con- 
siderably in extent, it has preserved its relative position, 
being still about the centre. It is in the form of a cross, 
but so disfigured by buttresses built up against the side 
walls in various places, and indeed in such a ruinous con- 
dition altogether, that there are scarcely any remains of 
its former stateliness 5 nor does it any longer excite admira- 
tion as a specimen of architecture. — The grand entrance 
is in the western end of the nave, beneath a large window, 
in Christ-church-lane. A few years since, a door was 
opened in the southern wing of the transept, leading to 
Christ-church-yard, which is most conveniently situated 
for persons coming from the north end of the city ; and 
there is also a door-way in John's-lane, but these are now 
seldom used. 

The Nave. — The present appearance of the nave is 
neither venerable nor imposing. The south side is com- 
paratively of modern date ; for the roof and side wall 
having fallen in, in 1562, the latter was replaced by a plain 
plastered wall ; to commemorate which restoration of the 
cathedral, there is a stone inserted in the wall, nearly 
above Strongbow's monument, bearing the following in- 
scription : 

THE : RIGHT : HONORABL : T : ERL : 
OF: SVSSEX: LEVTNT: THIS: WAL: 
FEL: DOWN: IN: AN: 1562. THE: 
BILDING : OF : THIS : WAL : WAS : IN : AN : 
1562. 

The length of the Nave is 103 feet, its breadth 25. 
The northern wall preserves still some traces of antiquity ; 
having pointed arches of a peculiarly beautiful style ; the 
pillars between which were composed of a number of small 
columns, with intervening mouldings, on which rested 
capitals of heads and foliage combined. High up, in the 
same wall, are still to be seen galleries, or, as they are 
more commonly called, Friars' walks. The side aisle, on 
the north of the nave, is also part of the ancient cathe- 
dral, but is rather in a dilapidated state, and if it had not 
been supported on the outside by a strong buttress^ would 



CATHEDRAL OP CHRIST CHURCH. 55 

long since have fallen. In this aisle are two statues of 
Charles II., and James II., which formerly ornamented 
the front of the Tholsel, in Skinner-row, since taken 
down. In the corner, near these statues, is the coffin and 
tomb of Archbishop O'Toole ; and at the south side of 
the nave, beneath one of the old pointed arches, is the 
door leading to the Chapter-house. 

Sir Samuel Auchmuty's Monument. — Close to the 
principal entrance is a truly classical monument by Mr. 
Kirk, to the late Right Hon. Sir Samuel Auchmuty, G. 
C. B. Commander of his Majesty's Forces in Ireland, who 
died August 11th 1822, aged 64. It is principally of 
white marble of the purest kind. The monument consists 
of an excavated pedestal, surmounted in the back ground 
by a pyramid of white marble, relieved by a dove-coloured 
border. The bust of Sir Samuel is deposited in the square 
recess of the pedestal ; and the light being extremely good, 
this bust, which is in the broad style of modern sculpture, 
is seen to particular advantage, and is admirably relieved 
by effective light and shade. Over the bust, and in front 
of the pyramid, stands a figure of Victory, four feet high, 
in Alto Relievo, having at the back a * Grecian Tablet, 
adorned with the lotus at the edges of the frame. 

It is impossible to view this noble figure without ad- 
miration : the position is expressive of grief, the coun- 
tenance indicating that passion most forcibly and pathe- 
tically} and the left hand convulsively presses to the 
heart a scroll, bearing the name of the illustrious warrior, 
while the right lets fall, from its relaxed nerves, the 
torch of life. 

Prior's Monument. — Near the door leading to the 
Chapter-house, is a beautiful and interesting monument, 
to the memory of Thomas Prior, Esq. distinguished for 
his benevolence, and for his friendship with Bishop 
Berkeley. Mr. Prior was so zealous in his efforts to serve 
his native land, that he wrote upon almost every article of 
produce and manufacture in Ireland ; and he obtained a 
charter for the foundation of the Dublin Society, which 
has proved so beneficial to this country. He died, Oct. 
2 1 st, 1J51, aged 71 ; and was interred in the church of 
Rathdowney in the Queen's County, about sixty miles 
from Dublin j wl^ere a neat marble monument, bearing 



56 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST CHURCH. 

the family arms and surmounted by an urn, was erected to 
his memory. 

The beautiful monument in this Cathedral, was erected 
at the expense of a number of admiring friends and pa- 
triotic characters. On the top is his bust, beneath which 
stand two boys, the one weeping*, the other pointing to a 
bas-relief, representing Minerva conducting the Arts to- 
wards Hibernia. 

Strongbow' s Monument. — Against the same wall, 
and near Prior's monument, are two figures of hewn stone, 
the one representing a man in armour, the other a female 
figure lying by his side : they rest on a block of stone, 
about two feet high. — These are said to be dedicated to 
the memories of Strongbow and his consort Eva. Over 
the monument, upon a slab sunk in the wall, is the 
following inscription : — 

THIS : AVNCYENT : MONVMENT : OF : RYCHARD : STRANGBOWE 
CALLED : COMES : STRANGVLENSIS : LORD : OF : CHEPSTO 
AND : OGNY : THE : FYRST : AND : PRINCYPALL : INVADER 
OF : IRLAND : 1169 : QVI : OBIIT : 1177 : THE : MONVMENT 
WAS : BROKEN : BY : THE : FALL : OF : THE : ROFF : AND 
BODYE : OF : CHRYSTES : CHVRCHE : IN : AN : 1562 : AND 
SET : VP : AGAYN : AT : THE : CHARGYS : OF : THE : RIGHT 
HONORABLE : SR : HENIRI : SYDNEY : KNYGHT : OF : THE 
NOBLE : ORDER : L : PRESIDENT : WAILES : L : DEPVTY 
OF : IRLAND : 1570. 

Archdall says, that Strongbow, having granted certain 
lands to the Abbey of the Virgin Mary in Dublin, directed 
that his remains should be interred in that place, because 
his brother Thomas had there taken the habit of the 
order, — Leland, in his Itinerary, states, that there is an 
inscription to the memory of Strongbow, Earl of Pem- 
broke, in the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral \ but 
Giraldus de Barri, who accompanied Prince John to 
Ireland, in 1 185, only eight years after the Earl's death, 
expressly mentions that he was interred in this cathedral. 

Monument of Lord Bowes. — John Lord Bowes, 
Chancellor of Ireland, was a man of considerable ability. 
He was a native of England, but pursued the profession of 
the law in this kingdom with great integrity and impar- 
tiality. Having passed through the several offices of 
Solicitor, Attorney General, and Lord Chief Baron, he 



CATHEDRAL OP CHRIST-CHURCH. 57 

was, at the decease of Lord Jocelyn, raised to the peerage, 
and custody of the Great Seal ; but never having married, 
the title is extinct. He presided in the House of Lords, 
in Ireland, with great dignity ; and his eloquence was 
considered in the highest degree manly and persuasive. 
He died July 22nd, 1767, in his 76th year. His monu- 
ment, near that of Strongbow, is composed of statuary 
and variegated marble : a statue of Justice, as large as 
life, with her scales broken, and in an attitude of sorrow, 
is looking at a medallion, on which is a bas-relief head of 
his lordship. — Van Nost, the sculptor, received 500/. for 
this piece of sculpture, and added much to his former 
reputation by the execution of the countenance, which is 
an excellent likeness. 

Lord Lifford's Monument. — Lord LifFord, High 
Chancellor of Ireland, expired in the month of April, 
1789, at the age of 73, shortly after the violent debate 
in the Lords upon the regency question.— Previously to 
his promotion to the Great Seal of Ireland, he had been 
one of the judges of the King's Bench in England, and 
was indebted to his sincerely attached friend, Lord 
Camden, for his promotion. He was generally considered 
an excellent lawyer, and an impartial judge, and his pa- 
tience and good temper on the bench were exemplary. — A 
plain marble tablet is laid on a slab of variegated marble, 
of pyramidal shape, on the summit of which are placed 
the arms of the family, with this suitable motto, " Be 
just, and fear not." 

Bishop of Meath's Monument. — Between the monu- 
ments of Lord Bowes and Lord Lifford, is a handsome 
piece of sculpture, to the memory of Dr. Welbore Ellis* 
and his family. A neat tablet, at the top, inclosed by drapery, 
and having on one side the bust of Mrs. Ellis, admirably 
executed, stands on a tapering pedestal ; and on the other 
side is the bust of Dr. Ellis on a corresponding pedestal : 
the whole is of statuary marble. 

The Transept. — In this cathedral, probably owing to 
the fall and destruction by fire of different parts of it, 
several distinct species of architecture may be traced. 
The Transept, which is 90 feet in length, and 25 in 

* Dr. Ellis was made Bishop of Kildare, and Dean of Christ Church, Sept. 22, 
J 705 j translated to the see of Meath, March 13, 1731 $ and died Jan. 1, 1733, 



58 CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST CHURCH, 

breadth, is chiefly of the Saxon order, although the early 
. introduction of the pointed arch, with zig-zag decorations, 
which belong to the Saxon or Anglo-Norman style, is 
visible in an arch leading- from the southern wing of the 
transept into the side aisle to the right of the choir. — At 
the northern extremity of the transept was a portal, now 
shut up, purely Saxon : this may be distinctly seen on 
the exterior of the cathedral in John's Lane. 

Over the intersection of the Nave and Transept is a 
square tower, of ancient but elegant appearance, in which 
a ring of extremely deep-toned bells is suspended. 

The Choir. — The choir, which is 105 feet long by 28 
in breadth, is a most extraordinary and tasteless medley 
of Gothic and Italian architecture. — Here the Dean, who 
is always the Bishop of Kildare, and the other members of 
the chapter, have stalls. The Archbishop has a throne in 
this as well as in St. Patrick's cathedral. — The walls of 
the choir are plastered, and painted in oil colours ; the 
ceiling is a continued concave, with a modern cornice. — 
The gallery over each side, which bears, in most places, 
the appearam e of but recent date, is supported by Corin- 
thian and Ionic columns, while the Archbishop's throne 
and the cathedral stalls are of carved oak, and in the 
Gothic style. 

In the gallery is a seat for the Lord Lieutenant, 
with Ionic pillars, supporting a flat canopy, not cor- 
responding to any other part of the choir. — The reading 
desk is supported by a brazen eagle, and is a specimen of 
the worst possible taste. — Beneath the gallery, and oppo- 
site to his Excellency's seat, the Lord Mayor and Alder- 
men have seats appropriated to them, for particular days 
in the year : near that of the Lord Mayor is one belonging 
to the Kildare family, as appears by an inscription on a 
brass-plate ; and in the same pew are the arms of Sir 
Edward Griffith, of Penrhyn, in North Wales* 

Earl of Kildar^s Monument. — On the left of the 
high altar is a cosily marble monument, erected to the 
memory of Robert, the nineteenth Earl of Kildare (who 
died 20th Feb. 1/45), great-grandfather to his Grace the 
present Duke of Leinster; the workmanship of H« 
Cheene, 1/43.— The Earl is represented in a recumbent 
posture j and at his feet standj his son, the first Duke of 



CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST CHURCH. B9 

Leinster, and at his head his countess, and his daughter, 
Lady Hilsborough. This is an exquisite piece of work- 
manship, but the effect is greatly diminished by the 
antique costume of the figures. 

Bishop Fletcher's Monument. — On the south side of 
the choir and of the altar, is a plain white marble tablet, 
dedicated to the memory of Thomas Fletcher, Bishop of 
Dromore, who was translated to the see of Kildare and 
Deanery of Christ-church, 28th June, 1745, and died 
March 18th, 1761. 

Francis Agard's Monument. — Near the tablet to the 
memory of Bishop Fletcher, is a monument consecrated 
to the memory of Francis Agard, 1577, and Lady Cecilia 
Harrington, his daughter and heiress, who married Sir 
Henry Harrington, 1584. Agard was Secretary to Sir 
Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Holinshed 
says, that Sir Henry usually called him his <( Fidus 
Achates." His name occurs on an inscription in Beau- 
maris Church, which is on a plate, dedicated to Sir Henry 
Sidney. This monument consists of two divisions, in 
which are some well-executed figures, in small life, of 
persons in devotional attitudes. 

The monument to Dr. Woodward, organist of this 
cathedral (who died Nov. 22nd, 1777), which is exactly 
over that of Francis Agard, is principally remarkable for 
bearing upon its front a musical Epitaph. 

St. Mary's Chapel. — This is a small building 60 feet 
long, and 28 broad, situated on the north side of the 
choir, and is remarkable only for the neatness and repair 
in which it has always been preserved by the Dean and 
Chapter, who permitted the parishioners of St. Michael's 
to make use of it, while they renewed their parish church, 
which was completely in ruins. — It was built at the sole 
expense of the Earl of Kildare : — service is performed here 
at six o'clock in the morning*. 

Although exhibiting so ruinous an exterior, the cathe- 
dral is in good order, and neatly arranged within, owing 
to the exertions of the Bishop of Kildare, and the Chapter 
of the cathedral. — Divine service commences here on 
Sundays at half-past eleven o'clock. — The choir, which 
attends at the University Chapel at nine o'clock, performs 
here afterwards, and proceeds to St. Patrick's Cathedral 




60 ST. MICHAELS CHURCH. 



at three. The organ, though inferior to that of St. 
Patrick's, is still a good one, and always in perfect repair. 
The difficulty of procuring a seat is so great, that a 
stranger ought to be at the door of the cathedral, at 
eleven o'clock at the latest. — The Wide-street commis- 
sioners have at length commenced their improvements in 
this neighbourhood, but postponed them till it is almost 
too late, for many years cannot elapse before this ancient 
pile will have mouldered away ; however, for the present, 
the view of the exterior of the cathedral is greatly im- 
proved. 

Deanery House. — The residence of the Dean was in a 
court-yard behind Fishamble-street, adjoining St. John's 
Church. It is an extensive and handsome brick building, 
with stone architraves round the windows ; but the situa- 
tion was so injudicious, that it was little used as the residence 
of the Dean, being let for some time as a Record-office, 
and is now a merchant's warehouse. The present Dean 
resides in his private mansion at . Glasnevin, about one 
mile from Dublin. 



CHURCHES. 

St. Michael's Church. — In 1554, Archbishop 
Browne erected three Prebends in Christ-church, St. 
Michael's, Sfc Michan's, and St. John's; from which 
date the Roman Catholic service was never performed in 
those churches, for they were so erected after Archbishop 
Browne had embraced the reformed religion, he being the 
first who did so in Ireland ; and his principal object was, 
to have chapels where the service of the Church of Eng- 
land could be performed without interruption. 

The chapel of St. Michael is situated in High-street, at 
the corner of Christ-church-lane, immediately opposite 
the western end of the cathedral. Until very lately, it was 
in ruins, the steeple only standing; but it is now renewed 
with much taste. The former church to which the steeple 
was attached being much larger, has occasioned that dis- 
proportion which exists between the steeple and choir, as 



ST. JOHN'S CHURCH. 61 

tliey now appear. — The steeple is a very high square 
tower, without a spire, in the lower part of which is the 
portal leading into a vestibule or ante-hall. 

The interior of this chapel is fitted up with taste and 
neatness, in the pointed style of architecture. — Here the 
corporation of shoe-makers have a seat, but they have not 
yet put up their arms. — The site of St. Michael's has long 
been that of a religious establishment, and a chapel was 
erected on this precise spot by Donat, 1076, which was 
converted into a parish church by Archbishop Talbot, 
1417- The second church erected here was in 1676 ; to 
accomplish which, a petition was presented by the pa- 
rishioners to the Earl of Arran, requesting him to raise a 
subscription in his regiment, for the repair of their church. 
The present beautiful little edifice was erected in 1815 ; 
Dr. Graves, the Dean of Ardagh, being Prebendary. The 
number of inhabitants in this parish is 1,748, and the 
number of houses 123. 

St. John's Church. — This church, situated in Fish- 
amble-street, at the corner of John's-lane, and next the 
court-yard in front of the old Deanery, was also erected 
a Prebend by Archbishop Browne, in 1544. The front 
consists of four columns of the Doric order, supporting a 
pediment : a broad flight of steps conducts up to this 
front, in which are three entrances ; a gate in the centre 
leading to the great aisle, and a door-way, leading to the 
galleries, on each side. The interior of the church 
is plain, but handsome ; and the galleries are fronted with 
oak, varnished, and pannelled. On the front of the gallery, 
at the north side, the arms of the corporation of tailors 
are suspended, with this motto in Latin, <f I was naked 
and you clothed me." — The present church is of modern 
date : in the register of the parish in the vestry-room, may 
be seen the estimate for its re-building in 1 767, amount- 
ing to the sum of 1,170/. 3s. 6%d. not more than one-fifth 
of what it would cost at this day; and many protests of 
the parishioners, against this extravagant estimate, are 
registered along with it. The church which occupied this 
site before the present building was erected, was raised 
about the year 1500 by Arnold Usher; and this succeeded 
a chapel built in the eleventh century. This parish con- 



62 ST. MICHAN'S CHURCH, 

sists of persons in the middle ranks of trade, although 
some over-grown fortunes have been accumulated by the 
inhabitants of Fishamble-street. The population amounts 
to 4,408, and the number of houses to 297- 

St. Michan's Church. — The Church of St. Michan was 
situated in Church-street, a short distance from the law 
courts 5 and before the year 1 700 was the only one on the 
north side of the Liffey; and was well adapted for hearing-. 
The choir became ruinous and was taken down in 1 824, 
but the steeple, which is of modern erection, remains. 

The vaults of this church have long been a subject of 
curiosity and investigation, from the extraordinary anti- 
septic power they possess. Bodies deposited here some 
centuries since, are still in such a state of preservation, 
that their features are nearly discernible, and the bones 
and skin quite perfect. A learned chemist in this city 
published an article in a periodical paper, on the appear- 
ance of the remains deposited in these vaults, from which 
the following is a brief abstract : 

Not many years since, the high state of preservation of 
the bodies laid here, gave rise to the idea that some reli- 
gious persons placed in these dreary abodes had afforded 
all-powerful protection to their bociies from corruption. 
But the full growth of science in this age is not to be im- 
posed upon, nor likely to be contented with such a sub- 
terfuge, for the explanation of phenomena which are 
capable of being explained. The bodies which have 
been a long time deposited, appear in all their awful 
solitariness, at full length, the coffins having mouldered 
to pieces ; but from those, and even the more recently en- 
tombed, not the least cadaverous smell is discoverable ; and 
all exhibit a similar appearance, are dry, and of a dark colour. 
It is observable of animal matter in general, that in com- 
mon cases, from the action of the external air, or its own 
re-action, putrefaction results ; but when placed in a tern- 
perature not exceeding 32°, the septic tendency is con- 
siderably counteracted, as the preservation of the Mam- 
moth in the Ice-berg would sufficiently prove. In this in- 
stance, it appears, that the action of the fluid was inter- 
rupted by cold ; now, if the action of the inclosed fluid 
was altogether destroyed, as is the case in the salting* of 



ST. MICHAN'S CHURCH. 63 

meat, it is plain this would also contribute to counteract 
septic tendency : whence it follows, that it is moisture 
which gives life to the putrefactive ferment. 

Now the floor, walls, and atmosphere of these vaults are 
perfectly dry, and the walls are composed of a stone pe- 
culiarly calculated to resist moisture. Further, it ap- 
pears, that in none of the bodies deposited here, are any 
intestines, or other parts containing fluid matter, to be 
found, having* all decayed shortly after burial. In one 
vault is shown the remains of a nun, who died at the ad- 
vanced age of 1 1 1 : the body has now been 30 years in this 
mansion of death, and although there is scarcely a rem- 
nant of the coffin, is as completely preserved, with the 
exception of the hair, as if it had been embalmed. In the 
same vault are to be seen the bodies of two Roman Catho- 
lic clergymen, which have been 50 years deposited here, 
even more perfect than the nun. — In general, it was 
evident, that the old were much better preserved than the 
young. 

In this church-yard many persons implicated in the un- 
fortunate rebellion of 1798 were ^interred ; amongst them 
is one very remarkable man, Oliver Bond, who died in 
Newgate, while under sentence of death. 

Here is also a monument to the memory of Dr. Lucas, 
the first physician who ever sat in Parliament, with the 
following inscription :— 

To the memory of 
CHARLES LUCAS, M. D. formerly one of the representatives in Parlia* 
ment for the City of Dublin; whose incorrupt integrity, unconquered 
spirit, just judgment, and glorious perseverance in the great cause of 
Liberty, Virtue, and his Country, endeared him to his grateful constituents. 
This tomb is placed over his much-respected remains, as a small, yet 
sincere tribute of Remembrance, by one of his fellow-citizens and consti- 
tuents, Sir Edward Newenham, Knight. 

Lucas ! Hibernia's friend, her joy and pride, 
Her powerful bulwark, and her skilful guide, 
Firm in the senate, steady to his trust, 
Unmoved by fear, and obstinately just. 
Charles Lucas, born 26th of September, 1713. 
Died November 4th, 1771. 

There is also a statue of Dr. Lucas in the Exchange. 
The population of this parish amounts to upwards of 
22,923 souls, and the number pf houses to 6^7$, 



64 ST. AUDOEN'S, OR ST, OWEtf-S, CHURCH, 

St- Audoen's, or St. Owen's Church. — This an- 
cient church is situated in a narrow passage, leading 
from Corn-market to Cook-street, on the south side 
of the river. As early as 1213, Henry de Loundres, 
Archbishop of Dublin* is mentioned as having, by 
charter, appropriated this church to the treasurer of St. 
Patrick's ; and in 1467, it was erected into a distinct Pre- 
bend. The church originally consisted of the choir, and 
of one aisle parallel to it, built by Lord Portlester : at the 
end of this aisle is a steeple, with a ring of bells. The 
present church is only the western end of the ancient one, 
about three-fourths of this venerable edifice being in com- 
plete ruins. The eastern extremity of the choir still ex- 
hibits a beautiful specimen of the pointed style of archi- 
tecture ; there being to be seen here, three arches of the 
most light and elegant construction. On one of the 
pillars, from which these arches spring, is a tablet, the 
inscription on which cannot be readily deciphered : it is 
erected to the memory of a female of the St. Leger family, 
whose effigy is placed at full length at the foot of the 
pillar. — In the vestibule of the "church is buried Dr. 
Parry, Bishop of Killaloe, and two of his sons, who were 
successively Bishops of Ossory. lie died of the plague, 
in Dublin, 1650. 

Near this is a large stone, to the memory of the Brere- 
tons, bearing date May 10th, 1610 3 adjacent to this, 
another marks the burying place of Sir Matthew Terrell, 
Knight, who died, inkl*649 ; and under the east window is 
the tomb of Robert Maple, Esq. who died Jan. 8th, 1618. 

At the south side of the eastern window are the recum- 
bent figures of a knight, in armour, and his lady, both 
remarkably perfect. "This tomb was erected by Rowland 
Fitz Eustace, Baron Portlester, 1455, in the aisle which 
he built at his own expense. Lord Portlester, whose title 
is now extinct, was buried at New Abbev, in the county 
Kildare, 1496 

Sir Capel Molyneux had a monument against the 
northern wall of the choir, which has lately been re- 
moved, though the family continue to be interred in the 
vaults of this church. — The Byrnes of Cabinteely, in the 
county of Dublin, have also a monument in the eastern 
end of Lord Portlester's aisle. 



CHURCH OP ST. NICHOLAS WITHOUT. 65 

There are, amongst the ruins of this once-beautiful 
edifice, many monuments of ivood: the most perfect, is 
that dedicated to the memory of John Malone, Esq. 
Alderman of Dublin, who died 1591. A stone sarcopha- 
gus rests against the south wall of the aisle, on which are 
the names of John Malone and Mary Pentony. At the 
west end of the sarcophagus is this inscription - — 

JOHN MALONE, MARY PENTONY, virit post funera virtus, 

And on the east, 

Ecce tali domo clauditur omnia homo. 

The monument, which is entirely of wood, is placed 
against the wall over the sarcophagus. 

In the chancel are many more monuments, some of 
wood, and two, on plates of copper, inserted in a pillar 
opposite the reading desk and pulpit. 

Divine service is performed here every day at the usual 
hours. — -There are very few Protestants in this parish, 
though the number of inhabitants amounts to upwards of 
5,180 and the number of houses to 468. 

A steeple was erected about 1650, which was blown 
down in 1668, and rebuilt at the expense of the parishion= 
ers in 1670. 

Church of St. Nicholas wiTHouT.-^-The parish of 
St. Nicholas, is divided into two parts, St. Nicholas 
Within the Walls, which is in Nicholas-street, near High- 
street, and St. Nicholas Without. This latter church, 
which is dedicated to St. Myra, and is supposed to have 
stood in Limerick Alley, may be considered coeval with 
the cathedral of St. Patrick, as it occupied the north tran- 
sept of the cathedral : it was 50 feet in length, and 32 in 
breadth. — It was formerly quite in ruins ; but it has this 
year been restored, which renders the cathedral perfect 
in form and extent, however it may fall short of its 
primaeval beauty. — This desirable improvement gives the 
Wide-street Commissioners a claim to some share of 
public approbation, for the pains they are now taking to 
beautify and render convenient this and every other part of 
Dublin.-— A new street is already marked out, and begun, 
being a continuation of York-street, which will form one 
grand avenue from Stephen's Green to St, Patrick's catbe- 
g3 



66 ST. PETER'S CHURCH. 

dral, which is now without one decent, or clean ap- 
proach. The Northern close too has been widened and 
rebuilt, and an opening is now being formed between the 
West end of Kevin-street and the Police Barrack. 

Jn 1708, the parish of St. Nicholas Without was divi- 
ded, and one part constituted a distinct parish, by the 
title of St. Luke's. — A parish church was erected on the 
Cooinbe, not far from Patrick's-street, and a Glebe-house 
built for the curate. — The nomination, however of this 
curacy, as well as that of St. Nicholas Without, is vested 
in the" chapter of St. Patrick. — Though this parish is of 
small extent, there are 12,172 inhabitants within its boun- 
daries, principally of the poorest class, and but 980 
houses. 

St. Peter's Church. — The parish of St. Peter's, the 
largest in Dublin, has also the largest church, which is situ- 
ated in Aungier-street, opposite York-street. Here, upon 
occasions of very public or peculiarly interesting nature, 
charity sermons are usually delivered, and in this church 
the celebrated Dean Kirwan obtained, by the overpowering 
influence of his eloquence, the enormous sum of 4,000/. 
per annum for charitable purposes, for a series of years. — 
The present church is on an old site, but is a building of 
modern date, and is in the form of a cross : the pews and 
front of the gallery are pannelled and painted white. 
Both the exterior and interior of this church are divested of 
ornament, and, except for its capaciousness, it would not 
be worth noticing as a public building. — There are a few 
monuments around the gallery walls, undeserving of notice 
as specimens of statuary. In the south gallery is a slab, 
to the memory of Lieutenant-general Archibald Hamil- 
ton, who fought at the siege of Londonderry, in 1688. 

In the gallery, on the north side, is a small tablet to 
Lieutenant George Westby, who fell at Fuentes d'Honor 
in Spain, May 5th, 1811 ; and his brother Edward, who 
fell at Waterloo, June 18th, 1815. 

The respectability and extent of this parish have rendered 
the cemetry the resting-place of many illustrious deceased. 
Here are deposited the remains of the Earl of Roden, and 
several members of that family ; with a great number of 
bishops, and other dignitaries. Here also is the burying 



ST. KEVIN'S CHURCH. f>7 

place of the Dunboyne family 5 and the celebrated John 
Fitzgibbon, Earl of Clare, and Lord High Chancellor of 
Ireland, is interred at the south side of the church-yard, 
close to the wall, with only a plain flag marking 
the place of his interment. This extraordinary man 
was remarkable for having risen to rank and dis- 
tinction against the united efforts of the great orators of 
Ireland, Grattan and Curran, to whom he was opposed for 
a series of years. His exertions on the regency question 
were so great as to recommend him to the notice of per- 
sons in power, in preference to every other candidate ; and 
upon the death of Lord Lifford, in 1789, he was raised 
from the Attorney-generalship to the dignified station of 
Chancellor of Ireland. 

The Archdeacon of Dublin is always the vicar of this 
parish, and in consequence of the multiplied occasional 
duty, he employs three curates. — The population of this 
parish is 16,292, and the number of houses 1,650. Its 
great extent also requires the assistance of several chapels : 
there is one in Kevin-street, another in LTpper Mount- 
street, Merrion-square ; a third at Donnybrook, a fourth at 
Rathfarnam, and a fifth at Tunnel - besides a chapel now 
erecting at Rathmines. 

St, Kevin's Church. — St. Kevin's is a chapel of ease, 
assistant to St. Peter's ; and consequently the Archdeacon 
of Dublin is the Vicar. The vicarage of St. Kevin was 
formerly in the gift of the Archbishop of Dublin, and 
was usually bestowed upon his vicar choral, whom, as pre- 
bendary of Collen, he was bound to provide for. — The 
Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's are now the Rectors, 
but the vicarage has been united to the Archdeaconry of 
Dublin. Upon this site a chapel was built some time in 
the fifteenth century, dedicated to St. Coemgen or St 
Kevin. The present church, which is, comparatively 
speaking, of recent date, is in the shape of the letter T, a 
plain building, like a village church, without any gallery 
in the interior, or any monuments. — It is surrounded by 
an extensive cemetry, filled with countless tombs, but none 
of them dedicated to persons of rank, or distinction, nor 
remarkable for their beauty. 

Near a small door in the church-yard is a pyramidal 
monument to the Rev, John Austin,, of the Jesuit order, 



G8 ST. WERBURGH'S CHURCH, 

1784 ; and to the left of the principal entrance into the 
church-yard from Church-lane, is a small stone, dedicated 
to the memory of Henry Oliver, aged 136 years. 

Divine service is very numerously attended at this 
church, owing to the difficulty of procuring* seats in St, 
Peter's : — the entrance is from Church-lane in Kevin-street. 
The amount of the population of this parish is 9,096 and 
the number of houses 803. 

St. Werburgh's Church. — This church, situated in 
the street of the same name, is dedicated to St. Werburgh, 
daughter of Wulherus, King of Mercia, who is entombed 
in the cathedral of Chester.— The old church of St. Wer- 
burgh, built by the inhabitants of Bristol, in the reign of 
Henry II. was destroyed by fire, with a great part of the 
city, in 1300, only thirteen years after the destruction of 
Christ-church cathedral by the same element. — In 1/54 it 
was burnt down a second time, and rebuilt in a very hand- 
some style, in 1/59, the same year in which the grand 
front of Trinity College was finished. —The front of this 
church consists of several stories, which, though fre- 
quently altered, owing to the repeated accidents that have 
happened to this building, still preserve considerable 
beauty and consistency. — In the basement story six Ionic 
columns support a handsome plain entablature ; between 
which are three entrances, a large gate in the centre, with a 
semi-circular pediment, and small door-ways on each side, 
leading to the north and south galleries, over which are 
windows, lighting the staircases, ornamented with archi- 
traves and crowned with pediments. — The second story is 
of the Corinthian order, in which a large window, light- 
ing the bell-loft, is placed, much ornamented, and crowned 
with a pediment. — The next, the belfry-story, is square, 
and ornamented at its angles by Composite half-pillars. 
Above this story is a low parapet or pedestal, from which 
the spire, which has been taken down, rose gradually. 

This spire was, perhaps, the lightest and most elegant 
in Ireland, the upper part of which, terminated by a gilt 
ball, was supported by eight rusticated pillars, but, either 
from the perishable nature of the stone, or a defect in the 
building, it appeared inclined from its perpendicularity ; 
and though Mr. Francis Johnston, undertook to secure it, 
such was the alarm of the inhabitants, that they insisted 



ST. WERBURGH'S CHURCH. 69 

upon its being immediately taken down, which was ac- 
cordingly done in 1810. — The removal of this spire was a 
considerable loss to a city which could boast of only two, 
viz. St. Patrick's and St. Werburgh's ; the former of 
which, from its situation, is only visible in particular po- 
sitions ; but the ingenious architect who undertook to 
support the spire of St. Werburgh's, has since supplied 
its loss by the erection of St. George's, a more beautiful 
edifice, and more advantageously situated. The interior 
of the church is venerable and elegant : the pews are of 
oak, and the front of the gallery is also of oak, carved and 
pannelled. 

The royal arms are in front of the organ loft ; and the 
organ, which is considered remarkably fine, cost 400 
guineas. — In the south gallery" are two handsome monu- 
ments to Mrs. Arthur and Mrs. Benjamin Guinness. And 
on the south side of the church, in the passage leading to 
the church-yard, there are several figures of very ancient 
date : next the door are eight in pontifical habits ; to the 
east of these are two whole-length figures of a knight in 
armour and his lady lying beside him, both much effaced. 
There are four other figures not far from these, also 
placed in the wall, evidently scriptural characters. In the 
vaults of this church lie the remains of Lord Edward 
Fitzgerald, brother to the late Duke of Leinster, who died 
in Newgate, 1798, of the wounds he received in resisting 
the officers who arrested him. His family have since been 
restored by Parliament to the enjoyment of their property, 
and the confidence of the Crown, in consideration of the 
services of his lordship's son in the peninsular war. Here 
also are interred the remains of Sir James Ware the anti- 
quarian ; but there are no monuments to the memory of 
either. — Edwin the player is likewise interred here ; and 
on the tomb marking his place of rest, a bitter reproach 
is engraved, against "the author of the Familiar Epistles, 
the severity of which is stated to have caused his prema- 
ture death. — The population of St. Werburgh's parish 
amounts to 2,620 souls, and the number of houses to 229. — 
In this church the Lord Lieutenant has a seat, which, 
however, since the rebuilding of the Castle chapel, he 
seldom occupies, except on the day of the charity sermon. 
—Divine service is performed here every day. 



70 ST. MARY'S CHURCH. 

St. Mary's Church. — The parish church of St. Mary's 
as situated in Mary-street, at the intersection of Stafford- 
street with Jervis-street. — The front is scarcely deserving 
of description, as it consists merely of a great gate, with 
Ionic columns on each side, and two smaller entrances 
leading to the galleries, over which are windows of clumsy 
workmanship, ornamented with stone architraves. — Above 
the vestibule is a square tower, or belfry, of an unpic- 
turesque appearance, so that on the whole, the convenience 
of its situation, being in the very centre of the parish, is 
the only advantage the parishioners have to congratulate 
themselves upon with regard to the edifice itself. 

The interior, which measures 80 feet by 55, is in the 
same heavy style of decoration ; and although it has the 
appearance of antiquity, this is attributable to the taste- 
less style in which it was originally erected, the date of its 
foundation being only 1697. Yet, though not elegant, this 
church is extremely comfortable -, a gallery extends quite 
round (with the exception of the eastern end, in which is 
a large window with a circular head), and is supported by 
large oak pillars, which assume the Ionic order after they 
reach the gallery, whence they are continued to the ceil- 
ing. There are many monuments in this church, placed 
against the side walls. At the south side of the commu- 
nion-table is a tablet, to the memory of Edward Tenison, 
Bishop of Ossory, who died Sept. 29th, 1735 ; and on the 
other side is one' to the memory of Richard Nulty, Nov. 
iOth, 1729.— In the north gallery is a tablet to Mrs. 
Newcome, a member of the Doyley family, who died 30th 
Dec. 1769. In the same gallery, and next the monument 
of Mrs. Newcome, is that of Dr. Law (who died June 11th, 
1/89), which was erected at the public expense, as a tri- 
bute of public esteem. 

In the south gallery is a large marble slab, enclosed in 
a frame of black marble, bearing a very long inscription, 
to the memory of Mrs. Chevenin (daughter of Colonel 
Dives, of Bedfordshire, and wife of the Bishop of Water- 
ford and Lismore) who was the friend of the Princess of 
Orange and the Countess of Chesterfield : she died in 
1752. — In the same gallery are two small tablets, to 
Gorges Edmond Howard, and Dean Fletcher. 

In the aisle, at the south side of the church, is a hand- 



ST. ANNE'S CHURCH; 71 

some monument to Mr. William Watson (who died May 
26th, 1805), the workmanship of Edward Smyth, erected 
at the public expense. It exhibits a white slab on a grey 
ground, surmounted by an opened Bible and a funeral 
urn. 

The burying-ground attached to this church is of con- 
siderable.dimensions, though too small for the extent of the 
parish. Among the numerous tombs which crowd this 
cemetry, are those of Baroness May dell, who died in 
1818 5 Dr. Marlay, Bishop of Waterford, uncle to the late 
Henry Grattan; Mrs. Mercer, the founder of Mercer's 
Hospital ; and Mr. Simpson, who endowed the hospital 
for the blind and for those labouring with the gout. 

The parish of St. Mary is very extensive, and composes 
some of the most fashionable parts of the city -, the popu- 
lation amounts to 22,902 persons, and there are 1,8/9 
houses. Divine service is celebrated here every week-day 
at eleven o'clock precisely, and every Sunday at twelve. 

St. Anne's Church is situated in Dawson-street, 
opposite x\nne-street, and near the mansion-house : its 
site was granted to the parishioners of St. Bridget's, 1707, 
by Joshua Dawson, Esq. and from that period St. Anne's 
was erected into a distinct parish. The front is a copy 
from a church at Rome, suggested by Mr. Smyth, archi- 
tect, consisting of a grand portal with half columns of 
the Doric order, and smaller entrances on each side, 
with ornamented windows over each, lighting the stairs 
which lead to the gallery. The upper part of the front, 
having neither cupola nor steeple, has an exceedingly un- 
finished appearance. The interior is spacious and disposed 
with good taste ; and the gallery is supported by pillars 
of carved oak, and fronted with the same. In the south 
gallery is a canopied seat, formerly belonging to the 
Dukes of Leinster, exactly opposite to which is a seat of cor- 
responding appearance, belonging to Antrim-house. The 
parishioners are rather of the higher classes of society, 
as it is in a most respectable and fashionable neighbour- 
hood. 

At the east end of the south gallery is a handsome mo- 
nument, consisting of a pediment of white marble, sup- 
ported by two cherubims, one on each side, who are re- 
presented as looking at a marble bust, beneath the pedi- 
ment. 



72 ST. BRIDGET'S, OR ST. BRIDE'S CHURCH. 

Against the wall of the south gallery, in one of the 
piers, is a beautifully executed monument, by Smyth, to 
the memory of Miss Elizabeth Phibbs. A female figure 
is represented leaning over a funeral urn, in a mournful 
attitude : the figure and urn are of white marble, and the 
ground of variegated marble. 

In the church-yard, which is exceedingly crowded, are 
deposited the remains of many noble and learned indivi- 
duals — Dr. Brocas, Dean of Killaioe -, Lord Rosmore ; 
General Anthony St. Leger; Dr. Stopford, Bishop of 
Cloyne; Right Hon. Lieut. Gen. Pomeroy, and many 
others of equal rank. 

Divine service is celebrated here, and in every church 
in Dublin, at eleven o'clock every day, except Sunday, 
when it commences at twelve. — The population of this 
parish probably amounts to 8,689 individuals, and the 
number of houses to 781. 

St. Bridget's, or St. Bride's Church, is situated 
in a street of the same name, and at the corner of Bride's 
Alley. In 1181, John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin, 
granted this church to the cathedral of St. Patrick ; but, 
before that time, it belonged to that of the Holy 
Trinity or Christ-church. This parish consists of a union 
of three smaller parishes, the ancient St. Bride's, St. 
Stephen's, and St.. Michael de la Pole ; of the latter no 
traces remain ; but on the same site a school-house is 
built, where the poor children of Bride's parish are 
clothed and educated, and twenty of them boarded and 
lodged. There is a small space of ground adjoining the 
school-house still used as a burying-plaee. The entrance 
is through a narrow passage in Great Ship-street, marked 
by a stone placed over the door-way directing to the school 
of St. Michael de la Pole. 

The exterior of St. Bride's church is more like that 
of a meeting-house belonging to some religious sect, 
than a church of the established religion. In the eastern 
end, a thing very unusual, are two large circular-headed 
windows, and at the top of the pediment-formed gable is 
a clock. 

The interior of the church is particularly neat and com- 
fortable ; and has a gallery on the sides and the west end, 
and a few monuments against the walls, In the north 



ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH. 73 

gallery is a monument to the memory of Mrs. Pleasants, 
wife of Thomas Pleasants, Esq., so justly celebrated in tin? 
annals of Dublin, for the extent and number of his cha 
ritable donations. Amongst his excellent donations was 
a sum of 12^000/. and upwards, for the erection of a stove- 
house or tenter-house in the liberty ; 8,000/. for the 
building of Meath Hospital, and 500/. for building a 
splendid entrance to the Botanic Gardens at Clasnevin ; 
and a yearly income for the support of 30 Protestant 
female children, who are to be clothed, educated, and por- 
tioned in marriage. — This latter institution is conducted 
according to the most sanguine expectations of the foun- 
der, at No. 6/ in Camden-street. Mrs. Pleasants' monu- 
ment consists of the family arms at the top, in white 
marble, beneath which is a funeral urn, resting on a 
small sarcophagus, both of white marble, and placed on a 
grey marble ground ; and on the side of the sarcophagus is 
an inscription in affectionate and feeling language. In the 
western hall, behind the organ, is a small tablet to the 
memory of Sir William Cooper, Bart. ; and in the small 
cemetery is a tomb to the memory of the Bomvilles, and, 
behind, a slab to commemorate the resting place of the 
charitable Mr. Pleasants. Here also may be seen the 
tomb of O'Hanlon, keeper of the record tower in Dublin 
Castle, who was killed by Howley, one of the insurgents, 
in 1803, while attempting to arrest him. — The inhabitants 
of this parish are 10,639 in number, and there are 760 
dwelling houses. 

St. George's Church.— On the north side of the city, 
in a crescent called Hard wick? Place, from Philip, Earl of 
Hardwicke, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, stands the parish 
church of St. George. The first view of this church is 
imposing : the front may be seen directly from Hardwicke- 
street, and oblique views equally beautiful are afforded 
from Eccles-street and Temple-street ; so that the general 
complaint against the situations of most of our public 
buildings, is altogether groundless in this particular in- 
stance, and the site itself is the most elevated in Dublin, 
except the upper end of Eccles-street. 

The principal front, towards Hardwicke- street, is 92 
feet wide, and consists of a majestic portico of four fluted 
Ionic columns, 3J feet in diameter, supporting an entabla^ 

H 






74 ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH. 

hire and pediment - y on the frieze of which, is a Greek in- 
scription, signifying — 

Glory to God in the highest. 

The portico rests on a landing, accessible by a flight of 
steps, the entire breadth of itself, viz. 42 feet, and the 
projection of the portico is 15 feet. 

The body of the church has, besides, three fronts of the 
Ionic order, and, being without a church-yard, the rect- 
angle in which the church stands is surrounded by a 
square of small neat houses, and affords not only an unin- 
terrupted view of each front, but a less dreary prospect 
than the neglected cemeteries around the Irish churches 
in general do. There are five entrances, one in front, 
beneath the portico which conducts into the vestibule be- 
low the steeple, and two in each side. At the eastern end 
is a projecting building of 22 feet in breadth, and 40 in 
length: here are the parish school and vestry-room; and 
even these appendages are rendered ornamental. 

Over the portico, rises the steeple, remarkable for the 
justness of its proportions and the perfection of its exe- 
cution. This permanent monument of the ability and 
taste of the architect, Francis Johnston, Esq., is 200 feet 
in height, and consists of five stories above the roof, and a 
spire. The first story is a square tower, ornamented at 
the angles by Ionic columns, supporting an entablature, 
and in the centre of each side is a larg r e circular-headed 
window, richly ornamented. Above this is the clock story, 
the angles of which are adorned by large urns, of admi- 
rable workmanship ; and over the clocks are festoons of 
carved stone, gracefully terminating at each side. The 
third story is an octagonal tower, the angles of which are 
occupied by small pillars, and in the intervals between the 
pillars are pannels, with a circular aperture in the centre 
of each. At the next story, the convergence of the spire, 
which is also octagonal, commences, and continues with 
the most gradual inclination to its termination in a ball 
and stone cross on the pinnacle. 

The interior, which is in a corresponding style of taste 
and magnificence, is 80 feet by 60, surrounded by a gal- 
lery. The lower story of the church is encompassed by a 
passage, or corridor, on the side walls of which the floor 



ST. THOMAS'S CHURCH. IS 

of the gallery rests, and projecting beyond the corridor, 
has the appearance of being without any support, except 
from the cantalivers in the wall. The pulpit, reading- 
desk, and communion-table, are in a recess at the east end 
of the church, and it is intended to place an organ in the 
opposite gallery ; for which purpose contributions have 
been made by the parishioners, this being at present the 
only parish church in Dublin without an organ. Bells 
and a clock are still wanting. 

Divine service is celebrated here every day, and, in con- 
sequence of the respectability and number of the inhabi- 
tants, is generally well attended. — The population of this 
parish is 12,250, and the number of houses amounts to 
1,604. 

St. George's Chapel, or Little George's Church. 
— Not far from the parish-church of St. George, in Lower 
Temple-street, stands the old chapel, commonly called 
Little George's, built in 1698. This place of worship 
becoming too small in proportion to the extent, and tor 
much decayed in proportion to the wealth and respecta- 
bility of the persons frequenting it, Great George's was 
erected in 1793. The old church is still used, and a 
chaplain officiates on Sundays and holy-days. The en- 
trance is beneath an old square steeple, about 40 feet in 
height. The interior is small, but comfortable, adorned 
with a few monuments of neat execution, particularly one 
to the memory of Lady Galbraith, on the south side of 
the communion-table, which latter is in a recess at 
the eastern end, and lighted by a large circular-headed 
window. At the west end, over the entrance, is a small gal- 
lery, badly lighted. 

The cemetery of St. George's parish attached to this 
chapel, is crowded in a most shameful manner, and the 
surface of the church-yard is several feet above the level 
of the street : this scandalous proceeding calls loudly for 
reformation. This was originally a private chapel : there 
was a St. George's church at the south side of the city, 
where George' s-lane is now built. 

St. Thomas's Church. — This very neat and beautiful 
structure forms the chief ornament of the neighbour- 
hood : its situation, immediately opposite to Gloucester- 
street, is peculiarly well-chosen $ and if it had been 



76 ST. THOMAS'S CHURCH. 

elevated a little more, and approached by a night of steps, 
would have had a majestic appearance. Had a steeple 
also been erected on this basement, the want of eleva- 
tion would be less obvious. — The foundation of this 
church was laid in 1/58 : and the design is from one by 
Palladio. — The architect of this church and of St. Cathe- 
rine's in Thomas-street, was Mr. John Smith. 

The front consists of two pilasters, and two three-quar- 
ter columns of the Composite order, which support an en- 
tablature and pediment. In the centre is a grand door- 
way of the Corinthian order, crowned by an angular pedi- 
ment. The entablature is continued from the centre, on 
each side of the principal entrance, to the extremity of the 
front, where it terminates in a Corinthian pilaster. On 
each side are niches decorated with Corinthian pilasters, 
and crowned with pediments. The entrances to the gal- 
leries are in the north and south ends of the projecting 
front, in recesses formed by circular curtain walls connect- 
ing two advanced gates, one on each side, with the build- 
ing itself, and giving the appearance of a very extended 
front. 

The want of a steeple to this very beautiful little 
edifice is rendered doubly apparent by viewing the 
front from Gloucester-street, where the body of the 
church, a huge shapeless bulk, with an enormous roof,' 
towers above this elegant Palladian composition, and hurts 
the eye of every passenger ; and it was the intention of the 
parishioners to remedy this evil, by the erection of a very 
beautiful steeple, the design of Mr. Baker, an architect of 
eminence in Dublin. 

The interior of St. Thomas's is extremely well designed 
and executed : its length is about 80 feet, along the whole 
extent of which run galleries, supported by fluted Co- 
rinthian pillars of carved oak, varnished over ; the front of 
the gallery is also of oak, highly varnished, pannelled, 
and ornamented with festoons, "and various other decora- 
tions. The east and west ends are each occupied by a 
grand arch, decorated with coupled Corinthian columns 
on pedestals. In the western arch is the organ and gal- 
leries for the parish children, within the eastern one is a 
recess, in which are the pulpit and reading-desk ; and in 
front of these, the communion-table. The recess is 



ST. CATHERINE'S CHURCH. 77 

highly ornamented with stucco-work, and lighted from 
above by two circular windows in the roof, and a Diode- 
sian window in the eastern wall. There are no monu- 
ments in the interior, but the cemetery contains the re- 
mains of many distinguished families. 

Divine service is performed here every day at the usual 
hours. There are 17,108 inhabitants in St. Thomas's 
parish, and 1,929 houses. 

St. Catherine's Church. — The parish church of St. 
Catherine is situated in Thomas-street, at the south side 
of the river, in a very elevated situation, almost on the 
site of the abbey of St. Thomas. The present parish was 
originally united with that of St. James, and the first 
church erected on the present site, in 1185; but in 1710, 
an act was passed disuniting these parishes, the presenta- 
tion to botli resting in the Earl of Meath. 

The front of St. Catherine's is built of granite-stone ; 
and has in the centre four Doric semi-columns supporting a 
pediment, and at the extremities coupled pilasters. There 
are two stories, the windows of both of which have 
carved architraves, and are circular-headed. At the west 
end stands a tower, containing the belfry, in which is only 
one bell. The original intention was to erect a steeple 
and spire, but the idea appears to have been totally aban- 
doned of late. 

The interior, which is about 80 feet by 50, is remarkably 
imposing, and exhibits excellent taste : it resembles those 
of St. Thomas, St. Werburgh, and St. Anne, but in in- 
ternal decorations is superior to all of them. Though the 
design is by Mr. Smith, the architect of St. Thomas's, 
St. Catherine's appears to have been finished in a more 
elaborate style. The pews and the front of the gallery are 
of carved oak, highly varnished. The organ is large and 
ornamented, and there are two handsome galleries, one on 
each side of the organ, for the parish children. The com- 
munion-table stands in a recess, beautifully decorated with 
stucco-work, and has a handsome arched ceiling, also 
richly ornamented. 

The cemetery belonging to this church is about 180 feet 

in length by 80 in breadth, and is now almost disused, 

owing to the poorer classes in the parish preferring to Inter 

their relatives in country chureb-y&rds, There i§ m 

h8 



78 ST. JAMES'S CHURCH. 

monument deserving notice, except that of Dr. Whitelaw, 
the historian of Dublin (who died Feb. 4th, 1813), which 
is placed near the door of the vestry-room, and there is 
also another tablet to his memory in the interior of the 
church. 

At the end of the south gallery, and immediately over 
the monument of Dr. Whitelaw, is a large tablet of white 
marble, dedicated to the memory of J. Stackpole, Esq. 
Barrister at Law. 

Beneath the communion-table, in a vault, are deposited 
the mortal remains of the Earls of Meath and their off- 
spring ; but without any monument ; and on the north 
side of the communion-table is a small tablet, sacred to the 
memory of an exceedingly ingenious engineer, to whom the 
inhabitants of Dublin are much indebted ; with the follow- 
ing inscription : — 

To the memory of WILLIAM MYLNE, Architect and Engineer, from 
Edinburgh, who died, aged 56, March 1790, and whose remains are laid 
in the church-yard adjoining. This tablet was placed by his brother, 
Robert Mylne, of London, to inform posterity of the uncommon zeal, in- 
tegrity, and skill, with which he formed, enlarged, and established on 3 
perfect system, the Water- Works of Dublin. 

The parish is a Vicarage. The population has been cal- 
culated as amounting to 21,264 persons, and the number 
of houses, to 1,638. 

St. James's Church is in James's-street, opposite a large 
obelisk-shaped fountain, ornamented by four sun-dials. 
It is a long, low, narrow buildino-, with six windows in 
each side, with circular heads. The interior is in a cor- 
responding style : one row of pews on each side, of pan- 
nelled oak, but not varnished, constitutes the accommoda- 
tion for the parishioners ; there is, beside, a small organ- 
loft, with seats for the parish children, and an organ suf- 
ficiently large and well-toned. The communion-table is 
in a shell-forrned recess, in the back of which is a glory, in 
stucco-work. 

On the north side of the chancel is a stone of rude ap- 
pearance, bearing this inscription : — 

This monument was erected by Mark Rainsford, of the City of 
Dublin, Alderman, 1693. 

The date oi thin tfionuroent je antecedent to the erection 






ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. 79 

of this church 1707, and also to its nomination, as a dis- 
tinct parish from St. Catherine's, which tookplace in 1710. 
On the south side, near the communion-table, is a toler- 
ably-well-executed piece of sculpture, to the memory of 
Mr. Cooke ; and immediately opposite, another to the 
memory of the Rev. John Ellis, 34 years vicar of this 
parish. Beneath this latter tomb also lie the remains of 
William Ellis, governor of Patna, who fell in the dreadful 
massacre of 1767- 

The cemetery is the most remarkable object connected 
with the church. Here are innumerable tombs, most of 
them placed over vaults, erected at the individual expense 
of the relatives of the deceased. This church-yard has 
long been marked out by the inhabitants of the liberties 
as a desirable cemetery for the interment of their friends ; 
and during the fair of St. James, which is held in 
James-street, opposite the church-yard, they deck the 
graves with garlands and ornaments, made of white paper, 
disposed into fanciful forms. 

In the centre of the church-yard is the monument of 
Theobald Butler, an Irish Barrister, who assisted in fram- 
ing the articles of Limerick, in 1691, and who advocated 
the Catholic cause before parliament, in 1720. It consists 
of a high partition of plastered brick-work, with a circular 
heading, on the front of which are the heads of three cheru- 
bim encircling a medallion, and beneath, a tablet, bear- 
ing an inscription in gilt letters, on a black ground. 

At the lower end of this immense tract of hallowed 
ground, is a large sarcophagus of grey marble, withpannels 
inserted in the ends and sides, on one of which is an in- 
scription to the memory of Sylvester Costigan, Esq. 

The presentation to this parish is vested in the Earl of 
Meath. The number of inhabitants is 11,196, and of 
houses 883. 

St. Paul's Church. — Is situated in King's-street, north, 
near the Blue Coat Hospital, and not many yards from 
Smithfield. It is a neat edifice in the gothic style, with 
a small spire. 

Beneath the gallery, in the northern wall, is an ancient 
monument, at the summit of which the arms are placed, 
executed in marble, and coloured, on which is this inscrip- 
tion in ancient abbreviated characters ; — 



80 ST. NICHOLAS WITHIN, 

Underneath lies the body of Mrs. ELIZABETH, wife of the Hon, 
Brigadier Gen. MEAD, who died April 15th, 1718, aged 47. 

Against the south wall is placed a small tablet to the 
memory of Lieut. Col. Lyde Brown, of the 21st Regt. 
Royal N. B. Fusileers, who was killed on the 23rd of July, 
1803, by the insurgents, under Robert Emmet. 

The church-yard is tolerably spacious, and not crowded, 
as most burying places in Dublin are : it is almost com- 
pletely occupied by tomb-stones dedicated to military men, 
who are interred here, from its vicinity to the Royal Bar- 
racks. 

A tablet is affixed to the exterior south wall of the 
church, to the memory of three soldiers of the 21st Royal 
Fusileers, who were killed by the rebels in the insurrec- 
tion of 1803. This monument was erected at the expense 
of the non-commissioned officers and privates of the 21st 
regiment. 

Near the centre of the church-yard is Col. Ormsby's 
mausoleum, a structure of granite stone, one story in 
height, entered by a door-way in the western side, and 
having the arms of the family affixed to the opposite side. 
It is from a design of A. Baker, Esq., and is a square build- 
ing, with a plain entablature and pilasters of the Tuscan 
order at the angles. Here also the ancestors of the great 
senator, Henry Flood, are buried, beneath a plain grey 
stone inclosed by an iron balustrade. 

Divine service was celebrated in the old church for the 
last time, on Easter Sunday, 1821. The number of in- 
habitants in St. Paul's parish has been estimated at 12,81 1, 
and the number of houses has been ascertained to amount 
to 898. 

St. Nicholas Within. The Church of St. Nicholas 
Within appears always to have been distinct from the 
cathedrals, as is evident from the charter of Archbishop 
Comyn, and was built originally by Donat, Bishop of 
Dublin. 

This church, which was erected in 1707, is situated in 
Nicholas-street, near High-street, and within a few yards 
of Christ-church Cathedral and St. Michael's Church. The 
exterior is of stone of very dark colour, called black slate 
or ealp 5 it consists of three stories gradually diminish* 
lag in breadth to the summit, and U of a gloomy, u r n* 



ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. 81 

interesting appearance ; and the front is inclined so much 
from perpendicularity as to be exceedingly dangerous. The 
interior is miserable in the extreme ; the pews falling to 
decay, the walls and ceiling in a wretched condition, and 
the organ is very old and weak-toned. There is a gallery 
at the west end, which only accommodates the children of 
the parish school. 

The cemetery was formerly sufficiently large in propor- 
tion to the extent of the parish 3 but the corporation pur- 
chased the major part of it to erect the Tholsel upon (a 
building since taken down), and is now reduced to such 
scanty dimensions as to be merely a passage to the vaults. 
In these vaults several persons of high descent have been 
deposited $ but their names can be learned only from the 
parish register, as there are no monuments to mark the 
spot were they are laid. 

The population of this parish amounts to about 1582 in- 
dividuals, and contains 107 dwelling-houses. 

St. Andrew's Church. — The original site of St. An- 
drew's Church and cemetery, was on the south side of Dame- 
street, where Castle-market was afterwards erected 1707 ; 
this market was removed in 1782 still more to the south, 
adjoining William-street, where it now stands, and the 
handsome row of houses on the south side of Dame-street 
built in its place. — About 1530, when the learned John 
Alan (chaplain of Cardinal Wolsey, and who was murdered 
at Clontarf by Thomas, r eldest son of the Earl of Kildare) 
was Archbishop of Dublin, this church was assigned to the 
Chapter's Vicar of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Archbishop 
Brown united St. Andrew's to the parish of St.Werburgh's, 
in 1554 ; but this union was dissolved by act of parliament, 
in 1660, and St. Andrew's erected into a distinct parish, 
the presentation to the Vicarage being vested in the Chan- 
cellor, the Archbishop of Dublin, the Vice Treasurer, 
the Chief Baron, the Chief Justice, and Master of the 
Rolls : any four to constitute a quorum, the Archbishop 
being always one of the four. — In 1707 an act was passed 
constituting the parish of St. Mark's a distinct parish, 
which was before only part of St. Andrew's. 

The present site is about 400 yards east of the former 

tone : here a church was erected, in 1670, which falling to 



82 ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. 

St. Mary de Rotunda, at Rome, and commonly called tile 
Round Church, was commenced, in 1793. It is in the 
form of an ellipse, whose major axis is 80 feet in length, 
and minor 60 ; the gallery story is ornamented by seven 
large windows, with circular heads, admitting too great 
a body of light into the interior, which error is corrected 
by blinds of oiled silk, ornamented with transparencies, 
the subjects of which are scriptural. In the eastern 
window, little children are represented coming to Christ ; 
and in the western window, is the Flight into Egypt. 

The entrance, which is in St. Andrew's-street, opposite 
Church-lane, is through a granite porch, of a plain, un- 
ornamented style. Over the principal entrance, in the 
centre, is a statue of St. Andrew, executed by Edward 
Smyth ; the only one erected over any Protestant place of 
worship in Dublin. At each extremity of the vestibule 
are urns, ornamenting the angles, and in the returns are 
the gallery doors. On the other side of the church, in 
the church-yard, are two stories of a steeple ; the base- 
ment story is converted into a vestry-room, the other is 
unemployed ; the steeple, which is in the Gothic or 
pointed style, is the design of Francis Johnston, Esq. ; 
but it remains unfinished, and all idea of completing it is 
abandoned. 

The interior is in every respect the reverse of the ex- 
terior : the pews are formed in the intervals between the 
passages which diverge from the centre of the ellipse, as 
radii ; in the centre is a beautifully executed baptismal 
font of veined marble, having the outside, and pillar sup- 
porting it, fluted ; the oval space in the centre is flagged 
with black and white marble ; the communion-table stands 
iu front of the reading-desk and pulpit, at the south side 
of the church, and near the extremity of the minor axis 
of the ellipse, which is obviously contrary to the situation 
which a slight knowledge of the doctrine of echoes or 
sounds would have pointed out, viz. one of the foci of the 
ellipse : hence this church is particularly distinguished 
for the great difficulty of being heard, which is inflicted 
on the reader ; and in particular parts of the church he 
is quite inaudible. The gallery is an extremely graceful 
object j the pillars by which it is supported retire so far 
as to give the idea of extreme lightness, and the fluting 



ST. LUKES CHURCH. 83 

of them is exceedingly beautiful. A handsome cord- 
age is represented connecting the shaft to the capital of 
each pillar, and the capital itself represents Lotus 
flowers 5 beneath the gallery front, all round, the cordage 
is continued. 

Behind the pulpit, in the gallery story, is the organ, 
highly ornamented with carved oak-work, and on each 
side of it, is a delicate and light gallery for the parish chil- 
dren. The oak from which the ornaments of the church 
are carved, was taken from the roof of the old College 
Chapel, which stood in the entrance of the Library-square, 
and is remarkable for its extraordinary density and specific 
gravity. From the centre of the ceiling hangs a large gilt 
lustre of carved wood, which was formerly in the Irish 
House of Commons, but was removed when that noble 
edifice was converted into a national bank. — This parish 
contains the most respectable trading part of Dublin : the 
number of its inhabitants is 7,726, and that of houses, 
725. Divine service is performed here every day. There 
is a burying ground attached, which is preserved with 
much decency, but has not any remarkable tombs. 

It is to be observed of St. Andrew's Church that, from 
its extreme proximity to the public thoroughfare, the cele- 
bration of divine service is constantly interrupted by the 
noise of passing vehicles. 

St. Luke's Church. — Is situated on the Coombe, in 
the vicinity of St. Patrick's Cathedral. In the year 1708, 
an act of parliament was passed, for dividing the parish 
of St. Nicholas Without, and giving part of it the deno- 
mination of St. Luke's ; in conformity to which act, a 
Glebe House was erected on the Coombe, for the Vicar, 
who is nominated by the Chapter of the Cathedral, and 
the church of St. Luke erected not far from the Glebe. 
The approach is through a long vista of elm trees, 
which gives more the idea of a village church, than 
a parish church in a large city. The principal entrance, 
which fronts the avenue, is through a large door-way, 
with rusticated columns on either side. The exterior is 
very plain, and the windows in the north side not being of 
equal dimensions, disfigure its general appearance. 

The interior is 70 feet by 30 ; the walls and ceiling are 
without ornament, and a gallery, supported by pillar? 



84 ST. MARK'S church:. 

of scanty dimensions and mean appearance, is carried 
round the sides and west end of the church. At the east 
is a circular -headed window, too small in proportion to 
the size of the church, and below, an altar composed of 
heavy pannelled wood-work : the altar-piece represents a 
scarlet curtain drawn aside, and disclosing a glory, tolerably 
well painted. At the opposite end is an organ (the gift 
of a lady who has modestly concealed her name), which, 
though small, is remarkably well-toned. 

Behind the church is a small cemetery. The only per- 
son of consequence interred here, is Mr. Justice Hellen, 
second Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland, 
who died in 1793, and was interred near the entrance, in 
the north side of the church. 

There is a poor-school established here, by the Rev. 
W. O'Connor, to which Mr. Pleasants bequeathed 1,000/. 
The number of inhabitants in this parish is 6,686, all of 
the poorest classes of society ; and so proverbial is this 
parish for its poverty, that the advertisement of the annual 
charity sermon is headed by the words, " The poorest 
Parish in Dublin." The number of houses is 480. 

St. Mark's Church, — situated in Mark-street, to the 
east of Trinity College, is a capacious building, erected 
in 1/29. It was cut off from St. Andrew's by Act of 
Parliament, in 1707* and its foundation laid the same year 
with that of the Parliament House, the present Bank of 
Ireland. — The exterior exhibits no architectural ingenuity 
or taste. The interior, 80 feet in length by 30 in breadth, 
is extremely well disposed for the accommodation of 
numbers, not being divided into pews, as the other 
churches in Dublin, but laid out with benches with 
backs of pannelled oak, and with doors at the end of each 
row. The communion-table is placed in a concave recess, 
in the back part of which stand the pulpit and reading- 
desk. In the year 1821 an organ was erected, cased in 
oak. 

Around the east, north, and west sides of the church, 
extends the church-yard, crowded with tombs, which 
was lately much disused, owing to the nocturnal visits of 
the surgeons. In the belfry, over the vestibule, is sus- 
pended a large bell, one of the finest toned in the metro- 
polis.— Divine service i§ celebrated in this church every 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPELS. 85 

day.— The population is estimated at 11,809, and the 
number of dwelling-houses at 86/. 

St. Stephen's Chapel. — The great extent of St. 
Peter's Parish, and its increased population, have called 
for the erection of new Chaplaincies ; and accordingly, 
with the parental care of his diocese, which has peculiarly 
signalised the guardianship of his Grace the present 
Archbishop of Dublin, Chapels of Ease are, and have 
been, duly erected. The foundations are laid of a new 
church at Rathmines ; and St. Stephen's Chapel, in Upper 
Mount-street, was consecrated by his Grace this year 
(1825), both in St. Peter's Parish; 

This chapel, which is after a design by the late J. 
Bowden, Esq., is built in a masterly style of execution, 
by Messrs. Henry, Mullins, and M'Mahon, and at the 
moderate expense of 5,000^. under the superintendance of 
J. Welland, Esq., one of the architects to the board of 
First- Fruits. The building measures 111, by 49 feet, and 
the apex of the dome is elevated 100 feet. The chancel is 
66 feet long, by 44 in breadth, and has spacious galleries 
and a good organ. The beautiful little portico in front, 
which is of the Ionic order, is taken from the Temple of 
Minerva Polias at Athens. The belfry which rises imme- 
diately above the pediment, is borrowed from the octagon 
tower of Andronicus Cyrrhestes, and the cupola and 
pillars, after the monument of Lysicrates, also at Athens. 
The site, in the middle of a street, is unhappily chosen, 
as exposing the flanks, which are not architectural, and 
were meant to overlook a cemetery* 



ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPELS. 

Though there are many chapels for the celebration of 
iivine service according to the rites of the church of 
lome, yet only three of them are deserving of notice for 
their architecture — the Metropolitan Chapel in Marl- 
borough-street, Anne's-street Chapel (in lieu of Mary's- 
lane), and St. Michael and St. John's (in lieu of Rose- 
mary-lane) on Essex Quay. This may be accounted for in 
the following manner • during the, operation of the penal 
1 



86 METROPOLITAN CHAPEL. 

code, the Roman Catholic clergymen dared not celebrate 
mass in public, by which the poor were, literally speaking, 
cut off from the benefit of all religious instruction j and 
even the rich, who supported chaplains as part of their 
household, counted their beads in silence and retirement ; 
and even yet the Catholics are not legally permitted to 
summon their congregations by the toll of the bell. The 
public performance of divine service, according to the 
rites of the Roman Catholic church, was first tole- 
rated by Lord Chesterfield, Lord Lieutenant, in 1745, 
from which period their places of worship gradually as- 
sumed a more important character, and the Metropolitan 
Chapel is one of the most classical structures in the city. 

There are twelve parish chapels in Dublin, six Friaries 
and seven Nunneries ; besides three assistant chapels in 
the suburbs, at Harold's Cross, Miltown, and Dolphin's- 
barn. A succession of masses is continued at these dif- 
ferent chapels from six in the morning till one in the 
afternoon ; each mass lasts about half an hour, and high 
mass generally commences at 12 o'clock. Sermons are 
sometimes preached on Sunday evenings in each chapel, 
and almost every evening in Lent. 

Metropolitan Chapel. — This structure, which is in 
a chaste Grecian style, was commenced in 1816, on the 
site of Annesley House. The ground was purchased for 
500/. and the design was sent to this country by an amateur 
artist residing in Paris, who intrusted it to the care of 
Dr. Murray. 

The principal front is towards Marlborough-street, 
and consists of a portico of six magnificent columns of 
the ancient Doric order, whose entablature is carried along 
the front and sides of the entire building. Above the 
portico is a magnificent pediment ; and within it are 
three entrances, the principal one in the centre, and the 
smaller near the extremities. The portico projects ten 
feet, and stands upon an extensive landing or platea ap- 
proached by an extended flight of steps : the chaste and 
simple elegance which characterizes this building would 
not admit the introduction of statuary in any part of it. 
The portico and ornamental parts are of Portland-stone, 
the rest of mountain granite. 

The sides, of the chapel may be considered fronts also, 






ARRAN QUAY CHAPEL. 8? 

being finished in a very beautiful and singular style ; in 
the centre of each is a loggia or recessed colonnade, 
rising from a flight of steps, and supporting an entab- 
lature, and at each side, wings or pavilions, ornamented 
by one large window divided into three compartments, by 
four pillars of Portland-stone, and crowned by an entab- 
lature and pediment. These windows rest on a broad 
fascia or band that divides the elevation into two stories 
or divisions, the lower one of which is quite plain and 
without any aperture. 

The interior, which is nearly completed, is equally 
simple and chaste. The centre or grand aisle is en- 
closed by a range of columns on each side, which sup- 
port an entablature, from which springs an arched ceil- 
ing, divided into compartments. The colonnade is con- 
tinued behind the altar, which stands in the centre of a 
semicircular recess at the end of the great aisle, exactly 
opposite the principal entrance, and a passage is left out- 
side the colonnade in the recess. 

The altar, which is quite detached from every other 
part of the building, is of white marble, enclosed by a 
circular railing, and without ornament : it is exe- 
dfted by Turnerelli. Behind the colonnade are side 
aisles, the length of the great aisle, and uniting behind 
the altar. In the centre of these, at each side, are deep 
recesses of a rectangular shape, in which altars are also 
placed, forming distinct places of worship. The length 
of the great aisle is 150 feet, and the breadth about 120. 

This stately edifice has been raised by subscription 
solely : 26,000/. has been already expended upon it, and 
it will probably cost as much more to complete it. Hugh 

O'Connor, and Cardiff, Esqrs. contributed 7,000/. to 

this laudable purpose. The donation of the former was 
4,000/. 

Arran Quay Chapel. — This little building, which is 
at the rear of the houses on Arran Quay, was erected in 
1785, and is scarcely sufficient to accommodate its 
parishioners. The parish includes a great extent within 
its boundaries • it is in the parish of St. PauPs, and is 
considered as reaching as far as the Vice-regal residence 
in the Phoenix Park.— There are attached to this chapel 
six clergymen, five of whom are curates. 



88 LIFFEY-STREET CHAPEL. 

Bridge-street Chapel is for the accommodation of 
the parishioners of St. Audoen's only, and stands in a 
neat court-yard, at the rear of the eastern side of Bridge- 
street. The Dominican friars of Great Denmark-street 
Chapel formerly resided here. 

In this parish is a Friary of Franciscans, called Adam- 
and-Eve Chapel, which presents a front to Cook-street. 
Attached to this Friary are a superior and seven assistants, 
who reside in Chapel-lane, adjacent to the chapel. 

James's-street Chapel comprehends an extensive 
circuit, from Dolphin' s-barn to Crumlin, and Kilmainham 
to Chapel Izod. It is situated in Watling-street, and has 
an entrance at James's-gate. The chapel, though not 
remarkable for architectural decorations, is in excellent 
repair. 

Beside the priest of the parish, there are four curates 
assistants in this chapel. 

Francis-street Chapel. — In 1235, Ralph le Porter 
granted a piece of ground in that part of the suburbs now 
called Francis-street, as a site for a monastery, to be dedi- 
cated to St. Francis. 

On this spot is erected the chapel of Francis-street, 
which includes the parishes of St Luke, St. Nicholas 
Without, St. Bride, St. Kevin, a portion of St. Peter's, 
and in the suburbs, Rathmines, Portobello, Harold's- 
cross (where there is a chapel of ease), and extends to 
Rathfarnam and Miltown. 

As the congregation is the largest in Dublin, so also 
the chapel is of very considerable magnitude 3 but, not- 
withstanding, scarcely accommodates Jts parishioners: 
the priest of this union, who is also Roman Catholic Dean 
of the metropolis, is assisted by eight curates, who all 
reside in the chapel house. 

Liffey-street Chapel — like most of the chapels in 
Dublin, is at the rear of the houses on the south side of 
the street, and the entrance is by a wretched gate-way, 
beneath a tottering fabric, which, most likely, the com- 
missioners of Wide-streets will shortly condemn. Though 
the entrance is so miserable, the interior is extremely neat, 
and has a venerable, sombre, character. This very ex- 
tensive division includes part of St. George's, with St. 
xMarv's and St. Thomas's parUhes; it is bounded by 



ANNE-STREET CHAPEL. 89 

Arran-street, Ormand Quay, Green-street, Bolton-street, 
and Dorset-street ; and extends to Drumcondra Bridge, 
and is bounded by the river Tolkay and the Liffey. 

In this chapel the titular Archbishop of Dublin officiates, 
assisted by his oeconome and six curates. The Archbishop 
will officiate in the Metropolitan Chapel in Marlborough- 
street, when that edifice is finished. 

Anne-street Chapel. — The chapel in North Anne's- 
street belongs to the parish of St. Michan's, and to part 
of St. George's. It is bounded on the south by the river 
Liffey, on the east by Arran-street and its continuation, 
on the west by Church-street and the Glasnevin-road. 
The parish chapel formerly stood in Mary's-lane, and was 
the oldest in Dublin f and here, it is supposed, was 
preserved a silver image of the Virgin Mary, which for- 
merly belonged to the Abbey of St. Mary : but this little 
figure, bearing a crown of silver on its head, was sold to 
an Irish Baronet at the removal of the chapel. This 
venerable building becoming quite unfit for use, was 
converted into a parish school, and the present splendid 
edifice erected in lieu of it. 

The principal front of the new chapel is presented to 
Anne-street, north, and is built entirely of mountain 
granite • it consists of two stories, the lower occupied by 
three pointed door-ways ; that in the centre leading to the 
great aisle, those on the side to a spacious gallery. The 
second story is ornamented with three large pointed 
windows, and the summit rises to a very acute angle, ter- 
minated by a cross, and finished with a monastic battle- 
ment and pinnacles. 

The interior is richly decorated with stucco and sculp- 
ture. At the east end are three altars, placed in deep 
recesses, and ornamented with heavy carved work, in 
the pointed style. Over the centre altar is a full-length 
figure of our Saviour, in alto-relievo, beneath a pointed 
canopy, above which, on the ceiling, is a glory, encom- 
passed by innumerable heads of cherubim. The altar on 
the right is ornamented by a very beautiful painting of St. 
Francis, copied from Guido, and the altar-piece on the 
left represents the Virgin and Child, In one of the orna- 
mented niches, over the side altar^ a small organ is placed^ 
smd in tfce corresponding niche ts $ false froiit 



90 EXCHANGE-STREET CHAPEL. 

The ceiling', which is semi-elliptical, consists of groined 
arches springing' from heads of saints, placed in the piers 
between the windows, on each side ; and three lustres are 
suspended from richly- worked pendants, which drop from 
the intersections of the arches. The aisle is lighted by 
live pointed windows on each side, decorated with labels 
springing from heads of saints ; and half of each window 
is ornamented with stained glass. The stucco and 
carving were executed by O'Brien, a Dublin artist j and 
the building is after a design by Messrs. O'Brien and 
Gorman. 

Divine service is celebrated here at the usual hours ; 
and there are six curates to assist the parish priest in the 
discharge of his duties. The chapel also presents a brick 
front to Halstein-street. 

Meath-street Chapel— is for the accommodation of 
the Roman Catholic parishioners of St. Catherine's and a 
rural district extending to the canal. It is situated at the 
back of the houses on the east of Meath-street, in that 
part of the city called the Earl of Meath's Liberty. The 
chapel belonging to the parish, formerly stood in Bridge- 
foot-street, at the north side of Thomas-street ; but it 
being dilapidated, about 1780 a subscription was raised 
amongst the parishioners for the erection of the present 
chapel. This building, which is entirely of brick, is of 
an octagonal form, and very spacious ; opposite the altar 
a gallery is erected, which is continued along live sides 
of the octagon, and supported by columns. 

Divine service is performed here every day. — There are 
five assistant curates and a parish priest, for whom an 
excellent house adjacent to the chapel has been erected. 

Exchange-street Chapel — which was erected by 
public contribution, was built as a place of worship for 
the parishes of St. iMichan and St. John; but this union 
also includes St. Bride's, Christ-church vicinity, part of 
St. Werburgh's, and part of St. Nicholas Within ; and is 
bounded by Aungier-street, George-street, and Eustace- 
street, the river Liffey, and Wine-tavern-street. 

Divine service was formerly performed in the chapel of 
Rosemary-lane, but the building having fallen to decay, 
and the situation not being central, the present site was 
chosen for a new and spacious building. — The front to- 



EXCHANCE-STREET CHAPEL. 91 

wards Exchange-street is also visible from Wood Quay, 
and an opening is left, through which this very elegant 
building is seen, not only from Wood Quay, but also from 
the opposite side of the river. 

There are two fronts of hewn stone, equally beautiful, 
and in a highly-finished style of pointed architecture : the 
lower stories in both fronts are decorated with pointed 
door-ways, and the second stories with three large pointed 
windows with labels ; and the fronts terminate in an acute 
angle and are surmounted by crosses. The principal door 
in the north front is accessible by a double flight of steps. 
The south front is presented to Smock Alley, where was 
the entrance to the pit and boxes of the theatre which 
formerly stood on this precise spot, and was called Smock 
Alley Theatre. The original name of this passage was 
Orange-street, which was" exchanged for that of Smock- 
alley, upon the erection of the theatre. — This place of en- 
tertainment was used for some time after the opening of 
Crow-street Theatre, 1758, and was then converted into 
stores for merchandize ; in 1815, the present stately pile 
was erected here for a more laudable purpose than any to 
which it had been previously dedicated. 

The interior is richly ornamented, and in an extremely 
elegant and chaste style of workmanship. At one end are 
three altars ; over the centre altar is a painting of the 
Crucifixion, suspended in a deep recess decorated with 
stucco-work; on each side of the great pointed niche in 
the centre are pointed windows ornamented with stained 
glass. Beneath the window, on the right side, is a small 
altar with a painting, by Del Frate, representing St. John 
the Evangelist writing his sacred volume. Below the 
window, on the left side, and over the communion-table, 
is another altar-piece, representing the arch-angel, Michael, 
brandishing a sword in one hand, and trampling upon 
Satan. This is also by an Italian artist, and is a copy 
from a painting of Guido's in St. Peter's at Rome. It is 
unluckily in a very bad light in its present situation. 

On one side of the chapel is a very handsome monument 
to the memory of Dr. Betagh, who died in 1811, by Tur- 
nerelli. On a black pyramidal slab is placed a medallion 
of the Reverend Prelate, in white statuary marble. Beneath, 
in white marble, also, is a figure of Faith, leaning over a 



92 TOWNSEND-STREET CHAPEL. 

funeral urn, bearing* a cross in one hand, and holding Re- 
ligion (an infant boy) with the other. 

On the same side, in a recess, and beneath an ornamented 
canopy, is a large and well-toned organ, which cost 700/. 
At the other end stand six confessionals of exquisite work- 
manship, and ornamented with glass labels, bearing scrip- 
tural sentences in gold letters : these are decided] y the 
handsomest to be met with in the chapels of Dublin. The 
ceiling is semi-elliptical, composed of groined arches, and 
decorated by pendents from which three lustres are sus- 
pended. There is a spacious gallery at the end opposite 
the altar, the front of which also is highly ornamented by 
carved work. 

Townsend-street Chapel is intended for the accom- 
modation of the Roman Catholic inhabitants of St. Anne's, 
St. Andrew's, and part of St. Peter's and St. Mark's 
parishes. It stands behind the houses on the north side 
of Townsend-street, within a few yards of the principal 
entrance to the New Theatre. In front of the chapel, and 
concealing it from the street, is a handsome house erected 
for the residence of the priest and his assistant curates, 
six in number. This chapel, which is large and well-dis- 
posed, although without any architectural beauties, was 
not long since in one of the fdthiest and most wretched 
situations in the city, but from the opening of D'Olier and 
New Brunswick streets, it is now in a most convenient 
and central one. The incumbent of this parish is gene- 
rally the coadjutor to the Roman Catholic Archbishop of 
Dublin. 

The parish chapels are here designated by the respective 
streets in which they are placed, for the following reasons, 
viz. they are generally so denominated in Dublin, and as 
each chapel belongs to several Protestant parishes, it would 
be obviously incorrect, and would produce confusion, to at- 
tribute the name of any one of these parishes to the parish 
chapel ; besides, the division of parishes is made to con- 
form to the Protestant places of worship solely. 



93 



FRIARIES. ' 

Augustinian Convent. — The friary of St. John, in 
John-street, on the north side of Thomas-street, is within 
the district of Meath-street chapel. To this chapel are 
attached only the prior and two friars, who, by their laud- 
able exertions in the cause of humanity, are enabled to 
clothe and educate 25 boys and 20 girls. 

Dominican Convent. — This convent, commonly called 
Denmark-street Chapel, is situated in the street of that 
name. The friars originally belonged to Bridge-street 
chapel. This place of worship is contiguous to a "fashion- 
able part of Dublin, and is consequently numerously and 
respectably attended by persons who bear substantial testi- 
mony of the sincerity of their charitable inclinations, for, 
from the sums collected here on Sundays, 25 boys are sup- 
ported, and upwards of 60 girls educated ; at the same 
time that the chapel and friary are kept in perfect repair, 
and continual improvements carrying on. — This friary, to 
which seven clergymen are attached, is in the circuit of 
LifFey-street and the Metropolitan chapels. 

Convent of Calced Carmelites. — This convent, 
with a small neat chapel attached, is situated in French- 
street, not far from York-street, and is within the district 
of Townsend-street chapel. The order had a chapel and 
convent in Ash-street, which they relinquished for the 
present retired and genteel neighbourhood. There are 
six resident clergymen in this convent, of which the 
proper designation is the " Friary of St. Patrick." 

Convent of Discalced Carmelites. — The chapel of 
this convent, which is in Clarendon-street, and, next to the 
Metropolitan, is the largest in Dublin, is in the shape of 
a rectangle with the corners canted off. The exterior is 
plain, the lower part being plastered, and the upper, in 
which are the studies and dormitories of the friars, only of 
brick. Before the building of this spacious edifice, the 
friars of this order performed divine service in a small in- 
convenient building behind the houses on the south side 
of Stephen-street, near Aungier-street. Seven clergymen 
reside here, and support an evening school, where 200 



94 CONVENT OF JESUITS. 

boys are educated gratuitously. — This friary is within the 
precincts of Townsend-street chapel. 

Coxyext of Fraxciscaxs. — Adam and Eve Chapel, 
otherwise denominated " Cook-street Chapel," belongs 
to friars of the Franciscan order. To this friary eight 
clergymen are attached, who, from the crowded popula- 
tion of the neighbourhood, are constantly engaged in oc- 
casional duties. — This convent is intended as a chapel of 
ease to Bridge-street chapel. 

Convent of Capuchins. — The Capuchin Friary, better 
known by the appellation of Church-street Chapel, is 
situated on the west side of that street, and not far from St. 
Michan's church. The friary attached to this chapel affords 
accommodation to seven or eight clergymen, for whom 
there is ample employment in this poor, but extremely 
populous, part of Dublin. The chapel belongs to the dis- 
trict of Arran Quay Chapel. The building itself possesses 
no remarkable features : — the respectable part of the con- 
gregation are admitted into the sacristy, which is divided 
from the rest of the chapel by a railing, outside which 
the lower classes are obliged to remain. 

This structure was for a long period in a state of dilapi- 
dation, until the manly eloquence of the Rev. P. Keogh, a 
friar of the Capuchin order, influenced the wealthy part of 
his hearers, by repeated and powerful appeals to their 
feelings, to contribute largely to the restoration of the 
edifice ; and in the space of two years, within this very 
chapel, upwards of 1,500/. was collected at his ser- 
mons. 

There is a school attached to this convent where 40 boys 
are educated, and the same number of girls both clothed 
and educated. 

Coxvext of Jesuits. — The chapel of this order, called 
Hardwicke-street chapel, is a small neat building, lately 
fitted up in an unassuming and tasteful manner. It origin- 
ally belonged to a nunnery of the order of St. Clare, in 
Dorset-street ; but upon the building of St. George's 
Church, and the opening of Hardwicke-street in front of 
it, the retirement of the nuns was so completely inter- 
rupted, that they withdrew to Harold's cross on the south 
side of Dublin, and surrendered this chapel to the Jesuit- 
ical order, — There are, in general, two of the order 



NUNNERIES. 95 

residing 1 in the apartments over the chapel, which 
is in the division of Liffey-street and the Metropolitan 
chapels. 



NUNNERIES. 



In Dublin and its environs there are several religious 
asylums for females of the Roman Catholic religion.— The 
nunneries in Dublin are — George's Hill — King-street— 
Stanhope-street — Summer-hill — Warren-mount — Wil- 
liam-street (north). In the environs are, Cabragh — 
Harold's-cross — Ranelagh — -and Richmond (removed from 
James-street) . 

King-Street Nunnery.— Is a large comfortable house, 
probably the longest established. The sisters, who are about 
six or seven in number, are Poor Clares. — The chief use 
of this asylum at present is, to afford a safe retreat to 
widows and other females of a respectable class, who are 
able to pay for their board and lodging. 

Stanhope-Street and William-Street (north) 
nunneries. — The inhabitants of these convents are called 
" Sisters of Charity/' their lives being wholly devoted to 
charitable purposes. — This order has long existed on the 
continent, though quite unknown, until lately, in this 
kingdom. 

George's-Hill or North Anne's-Street Nunnery 
— is of very ancient date, and the residents, about eleven 
or twelve in number, are called Ladies of the Presentation . 
These charitable females superintend a school of 300 girls, 
20 of whom are clothed and fed at the expense of the con- 
vent. — This was the first Roman Catholic school permitted 
to be opened in Dublin, it being forbidden by the Foreign 
Education Bill, but that prohibition was removed in the 
reign of his late Majesty, George III. 

Ward's-Hill, or Warren Mount NuNNERY.~The 
sisters of Warren Mount Nunnery are called Poor Clares : 
there are in general about twelve residing in the convent, 
to which is attached a school, where 200 girls are instructed, 
and 20 supported and clothed by the sisterhood. 

At the village of Ranelagh, is a convent of the order of 
St. Joseph, where, when the Irish nobility resided in their 



96 NUNNERIES. 

native land, the daughters of the Roman Catholic nobility 
were educated, and there is still a number of highly re- 
spectable persons residing here. It is in the district of 
Francis-street Chapel. The sisters contribute munificently 
to the support of two schools ; one in Paradise-row, where 
20 orphans are admitted at the age of three years, and sup- 
ported and instructed until sufficiently qualified to be ap- 
prenticed ; and another, where 30 boys and as many girls 
are clothed, fed, and educated. 

There is a convent of Dominican nuns at Cabragh, 
about three miles from Dublin, on the north side, which 
cannot be considered as belonging to the city. Another 
at Richmond, 2 miles south of Dublin. The sisters of this 
nunnery, who are denominated Ladies of the Presentation, 
formerly lodged in James' s-street. 

Harold's Cross Nunnery is more immediately in the 
vicinity of Dublin, and more conspicuous than the others 
for the magnitude of its charities. The sisters, who are 
Poor Clares, formerly occupied a nunnery in Dorset- 
street, the chapel of which now belongs to the convent of 
Jesuits. The nunnery is in the district of Francis-street 
chapel. — This edifice is very extensive, having attached to 
the apartments of the sisterhood a large building contain- 
ing a school-room and two dormitories, each capable of 
containing 50 beds. — These benevolent sisters not only edu- 
cate, but clothe and support 100 female children, for 
whose accommodation they have erected this spacious 
building, and a handsome chapel adjacent to it. 

It would be uninteresting to continue a specific enume- 
ration of the different Roman Catholic schools in this city, 
and the precise number educated, clothed, and fed in each ; 
but the reader will learn with surprise, that there are about 
4,000 boys and 3,000 girls educated by this denomi- 
nation of Christians, and nearly 2,000 of those are clothed, 
and half that number fed: and at this moment a new 
society is establishing for diffusing the benefits of educa- 
tion amongst the poor Catholics, throughout the kingdom 
in general. 



PRESBYTERIANS. 97 



SECEDERS FROM THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH. 

In the small circuit of the city of Dublin, the number of 
places of worship appropriated to different religious sects, 
was greater than that either of churches of the established 
religion, or of Roman Catholic chapels ; but owing to the 
great care of the church, manifested by his grace the Arch- 
bishop of Dublin, the reverse of this will shortly be more 
nearly true. A New Church has been opened in Upper 
Mount-street, called St. Stephen's Chapel ; St. Paul's has 
been rebuilt ; the foundations of three more are laid in the 
suburbs, the one at Rathmines, one at Grange Gorman, 
and the third at Phibsborough ; and two Methodists chapels 
will shortly be thrown open as Free Churches for the poor, 
a thing hitherto unknown in Ireland. — The most ancient 
and respectable of the Dissenters in Dublin are the Pres- 
byterians. 

Presbyterians. — The Presbyterian government in Ire- 
land is modelled on that of the Scotch church. James the 
First encouraged many Scotch Presbyterians to pass over 
into the northern provinces of Ireland, where they 
spread to an amazing extent, and from their habits of pro- 
priety and industry, that wild and uncultivated part of the 
kingdom became rapidly civilized, so that at this moment 
it is decidedly the most improved and humanized part of 
Ireland. 

The Presbyterian church is divided into synods or assem- 
blies, which hold annual meetings for the better govern- 
ment of their body ; and at those meetings, each congre- 
gation is represented by one pastor and one lay elder. 

The principal synod in Ireland is that of Ulster, and there 
is a second, called the Munster Synod. The establishment 
of Presbyterian chapels in Dublin, took place in 1662, 
shortly after the passing of the Act of Uniformity. — At this 
period, Samuel Winter, Provost of Trinity College, with 
three of the Fellows, E. Veal, R. Norbury, and S. Mather, 
refused to subscribe in an unqualified manner to the 
Thirty-nine Articles of the Established Church, and 
voluntarily resigned their preferments. Such leaders might 
naturally be expected to possess both influence to attract, 
and eloquence and information sufficient to preserve, a 

K 



98 STUAND-STREET MEETING-HOUSE. 

considerable number of adherents : and at their instance 
several meeting-houses were erected in different parts of 
the city, some of which have since been taken down and 
rebuilt upon different sites. 

There are now four meeting-houses of Presbyterians ; — • 
Strand-street, Eustace-street, Pvlary's Abbey, and Usher's 
Quay. 

Strand-street Meeting-House— is situated in a re- 
tired street, chiefly occupied by merchants' stores, and re- 
cedes a few yards, having in front a small court, with two 
gates. The front of the building is of brick, two stories 
in height, without any ornament ; and the interior is spa- 
cious, but quite plain. There are two congregations united 
in Strand-street Meeting, viz. Wood-street and Cook-street, 
which were both erected at the period of the secession of 
Provost Winter. 

Attached to this meeting is a Poor-school, where 28 boys 
are clothed, fed, and educated, and afterwards appren- 
ticed to different trades.* With the exception of about 30/. 
per annum, a donation, this school is entirely dependant 
on the results of an annual charity sermon, preached by 
one of the ministers of the Church, on the last Sunday in 
February. But from the great respectability of the Strand- 
street congregation, this collection may always be calculated 
upon as ample for the support of the charity; besides this, 
a collection is made every Sunday, which is appropriated 
to the use of a number of distressed widows. Adjoining 
to the meeting-house there is a library of divinity, where 
the members of the congregation are permitted to read, 
but owing to its inconvenient situation, it is seldom visited. 
The Presbyterian clergymen have, for about two centuries 
back, received an addition to their salaries called the 
" Regium Domini," given at first to encourage the intro- 
duction of this respectable body in Ireland, and still conti- 
nued to those pastors whose congregation amount to a cer- 
tain number. Amongst the ministers who have officiated in 
Strand-street, many "distinguished theological and contro- 
versial writers are to be found : — Matten, Charnock, Rule, 
and Leland, author of " A View of the Deistical writers of 

* This school was established by the Misses Plunket, whose father was 
many years minister of the meeting. 



USHER'S QUAY MEETING-HOUSE. 99 

the last and present Century/' have frequently preached 
here. 

Eustace-street Meettng-house — is not so spacious 
as that in Strand-street, nor is its congregation more than 
half as numerous. As the members of this religious sect 
study and cultivate the absence of ornament, their places 
of worship afford nothing for the eye of curiosity to rest 
upon. 

Attached to this chapel is a school for 20 boys, who all 
receive board, lodging, clothing, and education, and at a 
proper period, are apprenticed to useful trades. Besides 
the collection made at an annual charity sermon, there is 
a yearly income for the support of this charity, as well as 
for the establishing and maintenance of a girls' school, 
and an alms-house for poor widows. Before the present 
building was erected, the members of this meeting cele- 
brated divine worship in a small building in New Row. 
Dr. Leland, mentioned in the preceding article, was a 
Minister of this Hock, and a print of him hangs in the 
Vestry-room. 

Mary's Abbey Meeting-House. — There was another 
meeting-house similarly denominated, the congregation of 
which having united with that of Strand-street, left the 
present chapel in the undisputed possession of this dis- 
tinguishing appellation. — Though these two meeting- 
houses, Strand- street and Mary's Abbey, are so near in 
point of locality, they profess to differ widely in doctrinal 
points 5 and to make the line of distinction still more 
obvious, the latter congregation call themselves the Scots 
Church, whence it may be inferred, that they are some- 
what more strict in the observance of particular religious 
forms than their neighbours of Strand-street. Several 
distinguished divines have been ministers of this congre- 
gation. 

The congregation support a charity school of about 
thirty children ; and in addition to donations and sub- 
scriptions, there is an annual sermon on the first Sunday 
in March for the maintenance of this little establishment. 

Usher's Quay Meeting-house— -has also an ancient 
Presbyterian congregation, which united with the brethren 
of Plunket-street, about fifty years since, and is now a 
considerable body, There are two schools, containing 



100 METHODISTS. 

about forty children, supported by the collections made 
in this meeting-house, and aided also by an annual charity 
sermon. 

Seceders. — This sect, which is a ramification of the 
Kirk of Scotland, consists of austere Calvinists $ and, in 
consequence of a difference in civil matters, it is subdi- 
vided into Burghers and Anti-burghers. On account of 
their extremely rigid doctrines, the Anti-burghers hold 
very little intercourse with any other sect of Christians. 

The Burghers had a meeting-house in Mass-lane, and 
the Anti-burghers have one on the site of the old National 
Bank in Mary's Abbey. 

The difference between these two sects has of late years 
nearly subsided. But another body of dissenters from the 
Kirk has risen up, called the Relief, who are Calvinists 
and Presbyterians, but extremely liberal 111 their views. 

Independents. — The first congregation of Indepen- 
dents that met in Dublin, assembled "in the old Presby- 
terian meeting-house, in Plunket-street. There is also a 
very large chapel, belonging to this sect, in York-street ; 
and the Dutch church, in Poolbeg-street, has been made 
use of by them for several years back. 

Ebenezer chapel, at the corner of Hawkins-street and 
D'Olier-street, was erected in 1820, by a party of Sece- 
ders from the York-street Independents. 

Zion Chapel, in King's-Inn-street, also belongs to the 
Independents ; this chapel, which is built of lime-stone, 
and fronted with mountain-granite, is ornamented by 
three circular-headed windows, over which is a pedi- 
ment. Divine Service was performed here, for the first 
time, on Sunday, 5th August, 1821, by Mr. Raffles, of the 
Independent Chapel, Liverpool. 

Methodists.— About twelve years after the first pro- 
mulgation of the Wesleyan doctrines, they were intro- 
duced into this city, for the first time, by a Mr. Williams, 
whose success was so remarkable, that he immediately 
communicated the tidings of this great accession of fol- 
lowers to Mr. Wesley, who was induced to cross over to 
Dublin, where he arrived on Sunday morning, between 
eleven and twelve, as the church bells were tolling for 
service. Ever anxious to catch at any thing that could 
be considered as a prediction, lie hailed the omen, and 



WALKERITES. 101 

proceeding to Mary's church, obtained permission to preach 
there. After continuing some time in Dublin, and preach- 
ing daily at a Meeting-house in Marlborough-street, he re- 
turned to England, happy at the result of his mission. 
But, he was scarcely gone, when the infuriated mob, 
unable longer to curb their rage, attacked and destroyed 
the chapel, and compelled the pastors to make a speedy 
retreat Notwithstanding this, Wesley repeatedly visited 
Dublin afterwards, and ultimately succeeded in his favour- 
ite object. 

There is a capacious meeting-house in George's-street, 
standing on a piece of ground, lately occupied by a 
cabinet-maker's workshop, concealed by the houses in front. 

There is another congregation, professing the same doc- 
trine which meets in the Weaver's-hall, on the Coombe, 
in the Earl of Meath's Liberty. 

Those who are not considered Separatists, have a Meet- 
ing-house in Whitefriars-street, to which a book-room and 
alms-house are attached ; it is capable of accommodating 
near 1500 persons ; Hendrick -street chapel, near the 
Royal Barracks, is not so spacious. There is another in 
Cork-street, in the Liberty* which has not been opened 
more than five or six years; and a very handsome brick 
building, erected (1821) in Abbey-street, near the Custom- 
house, was opened for divine service the first Sunday in 
June, upon which occasion, a most able discourse was 
delivered by the Rev. Mr. Clarke, one of the pastors of 
this congregation. The Kilhamites have no chapel in 
Dublin. Wesley Chapel, Great Charles-street, has been 
purchased for a Free Church for the Protestant Poor. 

Baptists. — There is but one Baptist Meeting-house in 
Dublin, which is in Swift's Alley. Their doctrine was in- 
troduced into this city in the sixteenth century, when a 
chapel was built, which, falling into decay, was rebuilt on 
the same site, about the year 1730. The ceremony of im- 
mersion is performed very properly, in private. This sect 
supports two schools, one for boys, the other for girls -, for 
which a charity sermon is annually preached. 

Walke rites.— -John Walker, a man of much learning, 
and formerly a fellow of the university of Dublin, con- 
ceived certain notions, regarding the mode of celebrating 
ifee service in, the cbureb of JSngtend, which hi him to con- 
ss 3 



102 QUAKERS. 

elude, that lie could no longer, conscientiously, continue 
one of its members. Upon communicating this change 
of sentiment to the Provost and Board, he was necessarily 
removed from his fellowship. The leading features of his 
doctrine, besides being entirely calvinistic, are, " total ex- 
clusion of all who are not of precisely the same senti- 
ments, as to prayer.' 5 Mr. Walker never had many ad- 
herents, and even those few separated upon points of 
discipline. The zealous founder was of opinion, that the 
words of the Apostle, " salute one another with a holy 
kiss," were to be literally understood, and acted upon, 
while one of his pupils advised otherwise. 

He continued to instruct his proselytes, in a room in 
Stafford-street ; and the separatists withdrew to another 
called the Cutlers' Hall, in Capel-street. The sect is now 
nearly extinct. 

There is another, of somewhat earlier date than 
Walker's, called Kelly's sect, whose doctrines differ little 
from Walker's, though they would wish themselves to be 
considered as distinct. They have no regular place of 
worship in Dublin, but they sometimes meet in a private 
school-room, in Upper Stephen-street, near George's- 
srreet ; there is a chapel, belonging to this sect, at the 
village of Black Rock, four miles from Dublin. 

Moravians. — The doctrines and tenets of this sect were 
first introduced into this city by Mr. Cennick, about 
1/40, who was joined in his ministry by Mr. Latrobe, a 
student of Dublin College. Mr. Latrobe's success was 
very considerable ; and in a few years he obtained a 
meeting-house in Bishop's-street and a residence for their 
elders adjoining. In the same street there is a house of 
refuge for unmarried females of the Moravian profession, 
who support themselves by their needle-work, which is of 
the most perfect description. There is a widows* house 
belonging to this body : and the females of the congregation 
superintend a Sunday school for girls. They have a distinct 
burying-ground, which is about'three miles from Dublin 
a little beyond the village of Rathfarnham. 

Quakers. — The celebrated George Fox, one of the 
Founders of this sect, passed over from England to Dub- 
lin, where he regulated their meetings ; and with the as- 
sistance of Edmunson, a soldier in Cromwell's army, and. 






GERMAN LUTHERANS. 103 

afterwards a pedlar, who came into the north of Ireland a 
few years previous, he was enabled to raise funds for the 
building of two meeting-houses, one in Bride's-alley, the 
other at Wormwood-gate : these have gone to decay, and 
Cole-alley and Sycamore-alley meeting-houses supply 
their places. — The Quakers of Ireland hold annual meet- 
ings in Dublin in May, and those of Dublin have monthly 
ones. At one of these meetings it was, that the first pro- 
test was ever made against the slave trade, and perhaps 
this was the origin of the bill introduced into the English 
parliament by Mr. Wilberforce, which has immortalized 
him, and given additional lustre to the throne of Eng- 
land. The number of Quakers in this city amounts to 
about 1,000. They have no distinct charitable establish- 
ments, but contribute indiscriminately and munificently to 
all. The only establishment of an exclusive nature they 
support, is a Lunatic Asylum at Donnybrook, two miles 
from Dublin. The Quakers, like the Moravians and Jews, 
have distinct burying-grounds. Those of Dublin pre- 
serve a piece of ground for this purpose in Merrion-street, 
and a large enclosure in Cork-street.* 

Jews. — Although there are six or seven millions of 
Jews still in existence, there are not twelve in the metro- 
polis of Ireland - 3 yet there were a sufficient number some 
years back to open a Synagogue in Marlborough-street, 
but this has a long time been closed. The only Synagogue 
which ever existed in Dublin, antecedent to that in Marl- 
borough-street, was built by some foreign Jews in Craven- 
lane. The few Jews who* remain in Dublin read their 
Talmud in private, and preserve a distinct burying-ground 
at Ballybough-bridge, where are to be seen several monu- 
ments with Hebrew inscriptions. 

German Lutherans. — The German Church is situated 
in Poolbeg-street, near the new Theatre, and has been 
mentioned already by the name of the Dutch Church. 

* For a minute and impartial account of various sects and dissenterSj «e? 
Evans's Sketch of Different Denominations of the Christian World, 



104 



MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 

As the history of the corporation of every city is in- 
timately connected with the history of the city itself, 
the most important facts connected with this cor- 
porate body have been interspersed in the sketch of the 
History of Dublin, given at the commencement of this 
volume. 

In 11/3, a charter of incorporation was granted by 
Henry II. who, at the same time, induced many inhabi- 
tants of Bristol to unite themselves with the citizens of 
Dublin, and enjoy the advantages of this charter. The 
chief magistrates of this city were originally denominated 
provost and bailiffs, and the first who bore the title of 
provost, was John Le Decer, when Richard de St. Olave 
and John Stakehold were the first bailiffs, in 1308. In 
1665, Charles II. had changed the title of provost to that 
of Lord Mayor, and conferred this honour for the first 
time upon Sir Daniel Bellingham, with a salary of 500/, 
per annum. 

The corporation consists of the Lord Mayor, twenty- 
four Aldermen, two Sheriffs, SherifiV Peers, who are 
members for life, and twenty-five Guilds. The two com- 
ponent parts are denominated the board of Aldermen, and 
the Commons ; the latter consists of the Sheriffs' Peers, 
and representatives of the different Guilds \ the Lord 
Mayor presides at the upper board, and the Sheriffs 
of the year in the lower assembly. The Lord Mayor is 
elected from amongst the Aldermen, by the concurrent 
voices of both assemblies. He is chosen in April, 
and continues to be styled Lord Mayor Elect, until 
the 30th September, at which time he enters upon his 
office. The Aldermen are all City Magistrates, and assist 
the Recorder at oyer and terminer. 

The Sheriffs are elected from the Common Council, and 
are obliged to swear that they are worth 2,000/. : those 
who have served the office and those who have fined, are 
called Sheriffs' Peers. The Aldermen are elected by the 
Board and Common Council in conjunction, and it is 
only necessary that he should have been a Sheriffs' Peer, 
The Lord Mrjw bold? a court *t the Mausion-hQu?*, for 



THE MANSION-HOUSE, 105 

the trial of petty offences and misdemeanours ; and the 
Ex-Lord Mayor is president of the Court of Conscience, 
which is held at the city Assembly-house in William- 
street, and where debts are sued for, which do not exceed 
forty shillings. The authority of the Lord Mayor extends, 
not only all over the city, but part of the Bay of Dublin 
is considered within his jurisdiction, and the limits of his 
authority over the watery world are determined in the 
following manner : at low water, his Lordship rides to 
the very water's edge, and from thence throws a dart 
as far as his strength and skill enable him, where it 
falls, is the boundary of his power; he then proceeds 
to perambulate the bounds of the city, or of his juris- 
diction. Upon this occasion, not many years since, all the 
guilds attended, and formed a procession of great splen- 
dour and magnitude. 

The Mansion-House . — The residence of the Lord 
Mayor, stands on the south side of Dawson-street, de- 
tached from the houses on either side of it, and receding 
some distance from the street. Its appearance is unpre- 
possessing, being fronted entirely with brick, and built after 
a design which never could have been pleasing to the eye. 
There is, however, an excellent suite of apartments, capa- 
ble of accommodating several hundred persons, which 
number is not unfrequently to be met at the convivial as- 
semblies of his Lordship. 

On the left of the hall is a small apartment, called the 
Gilt Room, where is a portrait of King William, a copy, 
by Gubbins, an Irish Artist of high character. Adjoin- 
ing to this, is the Drawing-room, a spacious apartment, 
nearly fifty feet in length, where public breakfasts are 
given. The walls are ornamented with portraits of Lord 
Whitworth; Earl of Hardwicke, by Hamilton ; Alderman 
Alexander, generally called the " father of the city," by 
Williams; Lord Westmorland, by Hamilton; and John 
Foster, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons (now 
Lord Oriel). The next is the Ball room, used for dining 
in upon gala days ; a noble apartment, 55 feet in length, 
the walls of which are wainscotted with Irish oak. Near 
the entrance, are placed the two city swords, the mace, 
and cap : one of the swords is only used upon those days 
on which the collar of SS is worn by the Lord Mayor ; 






106 THE MANSION-HOUSE. 

this famous collar of SS was given by William III. at the 
solicitation of Bartholomew Vanhomrigh, Lord Mayor, 
in 1697, and it was then valued at 1,000/. The former 
collar was presented to the city, in the year 1660, by 
Charles II. and was carried off by Sir Michael Creagh, a 
Lord Mayor of the city. At one end of the room is a 
portrait of his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, 
and at the other that of the late Duke of Richmond, by 
Sir T. Lawrence ; over one chimney-piece is a portrait of 
Charles II. and over the other one of George II. at an 
early period of life. 

At the opposite extremity of the ball-room, is a door 
leading into the round-room : this spacious and princely 
apartment was built in 1821 (Sir A.B. King, Bart, being then 
Lord Mayor), for the express purpose of entertaining his 
Majesty George IV. who was pleased to honour the corpo- 
ration of Dublin with his presence at a splendid city 
feast, on the 23rd of August, 1821. It is a perfect 
circle, the diameter of which, being 90 feet, is 10 
feet greater than the diameter of the Rotunda in this 
city j and a corridor, five feet wide, is continued quite round 
the room, so that the external diameter of the entire 
building is upwards of 100 feet. The walls of this magnifi- 
cent apartment, which will be a lasting monument of the 
liberality, loyalty and independent spirit of the corpora- 
tion, are ornamented with paintings in imitation of 
tapestry. It is lighted by a lantern 50 feet from the 
floor, and the dome is painted to represent a summer sky. 

On the other side of the Mansion-house are several 
rooms also appropriated to public use. The small room 
communicating immediately with the hall, is called the 
Exchequer : the walls are wainscotted with Irish oak, 
and there are some portraits of eminent persons, — the 
Duke of Bolton, — the Earl of Buckinghamshire (Lord 
Lieutenant from Oct. 1777 to Dec. 1/80) ^bearing a scroll 
in his hand, on which are these words " Free trade, 
October 12th, 1779," at which time, both houses of par- 
liament in Ireland petitioned for, and obtained, a free 
trade from his Majesty; — the Marquis of Buckingham, — 
and, the Earl of Harcourt. 

Adjoining the Exchequer is an apartment, 40 feet long, 
called the Sheriffs' Room, and ornamented with several ex- 



CITY ASSEMBLY-HOUSE. 107 

cellent portraits, viz. the Duke of Northumberland, 1765 ; 
Lord Town send : John Duke of Bedford \ an admirable 
portrait of Alderman Sankey, by Hamilton, 1792 5 Alder- 
man Manders, 1802 • and the celebrated Alderman Thorpe 
(commonly called " the Good Lord Mayor/' who served 
during- the famine in 1800), by Cummins. 

Several designs have been presented for a new Mansion- 
house, but none adopted : the centre of Stephen's-green 
was suggested as a very appropriate situation, but the pre- 
sent site is one of the most desirable in Dublin, and it is 
most likely the corporation will gradually improve the 
present edifice, until it becomes almost another building. 

On a lawn beside the Mansion-house, is placed an eques- 
trian statue of George I. wMcli originally stood on Essex- 
bridge, but upon repairing the bridge, which was much 
injured by the weight of the battlements, it was removed to 
the garden of the Mansion-house, at the expense of the 
corporation. At the extremity of the court-yard, or garden, 
in which the Round-Room stands, are two colossal statues 
of Charles II. and William III. 

City Assembly-house. — This building is situated in 
William-street, at the corner of Coppinger's-row , and was 
formerly called the Exhibition-room, being erected by the 
Artists of Dublin, for the purpose of exhibiting their works. 
There is but one large room in this building, and in this 
the Commons assemble. The board of Aldermen meet in 
another apartment of the building, and quarter-assemblies, 
election of city officers, and various other matters relating 
to the affairs of the corporation, are transacted here. One 
of the most important disputes that has occurred in the 
Assembly-house, took place upon the election of Sir A. B. 
King, Bart, to the office of Lord Mayor in 1821. The 
Court of Conscience is held in a spacious room under the 
assembly-room, the entrance is in Coppinger's-row. Pre- 
viously to the purchase of the city assembly-house, by the 
corporation, public meetings of the board and Common 
Council, and the Court of Conscience, were held in a 
stately building in Skinner-row, called the Tholsel. This 
structure (of which a correct elevation may be seen in 
Malton's Views) was built after a design of the celebrated 
Inigo Jones ; the front was richly ornamented, and in 
niches on the second story were two gigantic statues of 



IW TAILORS 5 HALL. 

Charles II. and James II. now preserved in Christ-Church 
Cathedral, but no trace of, the Tholsel remains : it stood at 
the corner of Nicholas-street, and the site was let for 
building in 1807, by the corporation. 

Aldermen of Skinner's-alley.— -In 1688, James II. 
obliged the Protestant part of the corporation to retire from 
office, and remain in concealment, until more auspicious 
times ; and the place of their retreat was Skinner's-alley, 
in the Earl of Meath's Liberties : at length, the memorable 
battle of the Boyne, restored the Protestant religion to the 
country, and the corporation to its rights. The reinstated 
corporators, impressed with the truth of this motto " Hsec 
olim meminisse juvabit," retained the name of the Alder- 
men of Skinner's-alley. 

Merchants' Hall. — This useful and necessary building 
is situated on Aston's Quay, opposite the iron bridge. It is 
two stories in height and contains an office on the basement 
story ; with the great hall and a small apartment on the 
upper floor. The front, which is of granite, is inclined 
obliquely to the line of quays, and is in other respects also 
an awkward structure. The Guild meets here for the 
election of Master Representative in the Common Coun- 
cil — Coal Meters, &c. 

Tailors'-hall. — The Corporation of Tailors claim the 
honour of precedence of all other Guilds, on the ground 
of antiquity : this right, however, has lately been ceded to 
the Guild of Merchants as a matter of courtesy. Their 
hall is in Back-lane, in the neighbourhood of Christ-Church 
Cathedral, upon which site they have had one for several 
centuries, but the present structure was built in 1710, 
John Shudell, being Master of the Corporation. 

The principal apartment, which is 45 feet by 21, is or- 
namented with a gallery at one end, and has the following 
paintings, viz. a full-length of Charles II. ; a portrait of 
Dean Swift j a painting of the Tailors' arms ; the Royal 
Arms as a companion ; a head of Charles II. ; a very cu- 
rious painting of St. Homobon, a Tailor of Cremona, of 
whom it is recorded beneath " that he gave all his gain 
and labour to the poor, and was canonized for his life and 
miraculous actions in 1316." 

In this hall, the following corporations, not having halls 
peculiarly belonging to their Guild, are permitted to as« 



Police est ablishmsnt, W^ 

semble — - Butchers, Smiths, Barbers, Saddlers, Glover3, 
Skinners, Curriers, and Joiners. 

Weaver's-hall.— This hall is situated on the Coombe, 
in the Earl of Meafh's Liberties, and is a venerable-looking 
brick building, having its front decorated by a handsome 
gilt statue of George II. In the principal room, which is 50 
feet by 2 1 , is a portrait of one of the Lat ouches, who 
came into this kingdom with the French refugees, and 
greatly encouraged the art of Weaving. There is also a 
portrait of George II., worked in tapestry, on the frame of 
which is the following couplet : 

" The workmanship of John Vanbeaver, 
Y e famous tapestry Weaver.' ' 

This is extremely well executed, and there is not a better 
piece of workmanship of this description in Dublin, if we 
except that in the apartment called the tapestry drawing- 
room, in Waterford-house. This hall is so little used, 
that a congregation of Methodists take advantage of its de- 
sertion, and assemble here every Sunday and holyday* 
The only Guild which meets here, besides the Weavers, is 
the Guild of Hosiers. 

There are a few other halls belonging to different Guilds, 
the Apothecaries-hall, in Mary-street [see art. Apotheca- 
ries-hall]. The Carpenters'-hall, in Audoen's Arch ; the 
Goldsmiths', in Golden-lane ; the Cutlers', in Capel-street ; 
and the Coopers', in Stafford-street. 



POLICE ESTABLISHMENT. 

The first institution of Police in Dublin, is supposed to 
have taken place in the reign of Elizabeth, but upon a very 
different system from the present -, — to this succeeded a 
class of peace-preservers, and night-guards, called watch- 
men, who were introduced in the reign of George I. The 
watchmen did not preserve the nightly quiet of the city so 
effectually as they might have done, for many of them were 
convicted of aiding in robberies, and even murders, com- 
mitted within the city : this led Mr. Orde to introduce the 
Police act, in 1/85. 

Though this body was exceedingly efficient, yet being 



1 10 POLICE ESTABLISHMENT. 

entirely appointed by the government, the citizens became 
jealous of their interference, and appeared to feel them- 
selves rather under the control of a military force, than as 
having' their properties and peace preserved by an useful 
establishment. 

Many attempts were made in parliament to abolish the 
Police, and substitute city guardians less offensive to the 
inhabitants ; and a resistance on the part of government, 
for ten successive years, gave rise to many serious results 
to the nation in general. — At length, in the year 1 795, the 
Police act was repealed, and the former miserable system 
of watch restored. 

This wretched mode of preserving the peace, was con- 
tinued for ten or twelve years, when the Duke of Welling- 
ton, then Secretary of State in Ireland, introduced the 
present police act, from which the metropolis has derived 
such infinite advantage ; and which is now matured to a 
degree of perfection, which the noble framer of the act 
could hardly have contemplated. 

The whole establishment consists of twelve magistrates, 
four of whom must be Aldermen ; four Sheriffs' Peers, and 
four Barristers, of not less than six years standing. One 
half of this number is selected by the Government, the 
other by the Common Council. 

Every magistrate receives a salary of 5001. per annum, 
with the exception of the chief magistrate of police, whose 
salary is 600/. per annum. The police establishment also 
take cognizance of all improprieties and impositions com- 
mitted by drivers of hackney-coaches and cars, and by 
sedan-chair-men, &c. — Against whom, complaints must be 
lodged within a few days after the commission of the 
offence, or they will not be attended to. 

There are four offices of police in Dublin, one for each 
of the districts into which the city is divided. The prin- 
cipal or head police-office is in Exchange-court ; this be- 
longsto the Castle Division : the others are in James-street, 
Mountrath-street, and College-street. 

In each of these, three magistrates preside, some one of 
whom is always in attendance, from about ten to three 
o'clock every day, and from six to eight in the evening ; 
one Alderman, one Sheriffs' Peer, and one Barrister, are 
attached to every office. The police consists of both a 



NEWGATE. Ill 

horse patrole and a body of infantry, besides more than 
four hundred watchmen. The horse-police, not only 
patrole the streets, but the environs of Dublin to the dis- 
tance of eight miles. There are in the neighbourhood, at 
different distances from the city, police-houses, where 
guards are stationed. 

The power lately vested in the superintendant magistrate 
has been transferred to those of the head office of police, 
which retains thirty-one peace-officers in its employment ; 
while the divisional offices are allowed but seven each. — 
It sends persons on duty not only to all parts of Ireland but 
to England, Scotland, and even the Continent. It grants 
licenses to all hotel-keepers, publicans, pawn-brokers, &c. 
There are now 55 pawn-brokers, 28 hotel-keepers, 150 
licensed hackney-coaches, 140 job and 20 mourning coaches, 
750 jaunting-cars, 3,700 town cars, 1,600 country cars, 260 
brewers' drays, and 65 hackney sedans. 



PRISONS. 

Newgate — the principal gaol for malefactors of all 
descriptions, is in Green-street. Formerly the gaol was an 
old castle on the town wall, over the gate leading from 
Cut-purse-row to Thomas -street ; and from its situation, 
derived the name of Newgate, which appellation was trans- 
ferred to the present prison. This building, which stands 
on a rectangular piece of ground, 170 feet by 130, is after 
a design of Mr. Thomas Cooley, the architect of the Ex- 
change, and is faced with granite-stone, from the Dublin 
Mountains. The front consists of three stories, the lower 
rusticated, and the two upper perforated by windows di 
vested of ornament : the centre is surmounted by a pedi 
ment, and in front of the upper story of this part of the 
building*, are the platform and apparatus for execution. 
At each angle is a round tower with loop-holes ; and one 
side of the prison has no other windows than these aper- 
tures. In this wing, prisoners of the lowest class were 
generally confined, and from the exorbitant fees or " gar- 
nish money/' demanded for any accommodation however 
wretched, these unfortunate miscreants were compelled to 



112 NEWGATE, 

suspend a small bag from the loop-holes by a cord, and 
beg- alms from the passenger ; but this extremity of human 
misery, together with many shameful improprieties prac- 
tised "and countenanced within the prison walls, called 
forth the interference of Mr. W. Pole, Secretary of State 
for Ireland, who made a serious reformation in the discip- 
line of Newgate. 

The interior is divided into two nearly equal parts by a 
broad passage, having on either side lofty walls with iron 
gates, through which visitors may speak with the prisoners . 
At the end of this passage is the gaoler's house, the front 
of which is in Halstein-street ; but the turnkeys have 
apartments in the prison. There is a chapel attached to 
the prison, and three chaplains, one of the Established 
Church, one of the Roman Catholic persuasion, and a 
Dissenting clergyman. 

The cells are not sufficiently numerous for the number 
of criminals that must necessarily be at all times confined 
in the gaol of a large city, nor are they of sufficient magni- 
tude to accommodate more than one, each being only 
twelve feet long by eight in breadth : they all open into 
corridors, which look into the court-yard, and are locked 
at night. 

The foundation of this building was laid in 1773, and it 
was opened for the reception of criminals in 1781. It is 
not considered either well situated or strongly built, the 
blocks of stone not being cramped as they are in the 
county-gaol. Few prisoners, however, have ever been able 
to effect their escape, without the connivance of the turn- 
keys. A few years since, when the gaol was crowded with 
convicts destined for transportation to Botany Bay, a con- 
spiracy was formed to break through the walls \ but the 
plot was fortunately detected in time. 

From that period, no irregularity or spirit of insubordi- 
nation has appeared, owing partly to better internal ar- 
rangement, and partly to a diminution of crime in the city, 
by which the number of prisoners is much reduced. 

The County Gaol is situated near the Royal Hospital, 
and is called Kilmainham-gaol. A court-house has been 
lately erected close to it, but as neither of these are within 
the city, any detail of them would be improper here. 

The internal regulation of both these gaols, has been of 



SHERIFFS PRISON. 113 

late, greatly benefitted, and the last improvement which 
has received the sanction of the High Court of Parliament, 
viz. the abolition of fees, has scarcely left any thing more 
to do in the government of prisons, but have the present 
systems strictly observed. Besides the gaoler and his de- 
puty, there are five turnkeys, a surgeon, physician, inspec- 
tor, and three chaplains : a subaltern guard does duty at 
the prison. There is one improvement yet wanting in Irish 
prisons in general, viz. the employment of the prisoners, 
and whoever has visited Lancaster Castle will feel strongly 
the force of this observation. 

Sheriff's Prison. — Previously to 1794, persons ar- 
rested for debts exceeding 10/. were generally lodged in 
t( Sponging Houses," where the most infamous practices 
were permitted, as the unhappy debtor would make any 
sacrifice of his property to be allowed to escape before 
some new claimant seized upon him. — In 1794, the Sheriffs 
prison in Green-street was erected; which is a large building, 
forming three sides of a square, and having a court-yard in 
the centre. At the first institution of this prison, the 
gaoler, turnkeys, and other officers were supported by the 
rent of the chambers, which was very exorbitant, and a 
considerable rent, above 100/. per annum, was paid by a 
vintner, who had a shop in the under-ground story. From 
such an arrangement, it is obvious abuses must have arisen, 
and vice and infamy of every description been encouraged 
in its growth. But happily all this scene of debauchery, 
profligacy, gambling, and extortion, has vanished with the 
abolition of gaol fees ; and the removal of those allurement- 
has diminished the charms of confinement, which a profli- 
gate mind never failed to discover within the precincts of 
the Sheriffs' prison. — The court-yard in the centre is used 
as a ball-court, but is much too confined for the number 
of debtors, of whom there are usually about 100. The 
Marshalsea and Kilmainham gaol, however, afford accom- 
modation to so many of those whose health is impaired by 
confinement in Green-street, and the Insolvent act removes 
the Irish debtors so quickly, that the number at present, 
in this prison, is comparatively small. — There is no chap- 
lain or surgeon, nor any means of support for the poor 
debtors, except the contributions of their friends and 
Powell's gratuity. This last resource is derived from 700/, 

h «5 



1 14 FOUR COURTS MARSHALSEA. 

"bequeathed by Mr. Powell (formerly confined in this gaol), 
and vested in the hands of the Lord Mayor and board of 
Aldermen, who distributes the interest of it amongst the 
poor debtors at Christmas. 

City Marshalsea. — This wretched mansion is a mean- 
looking brick building, intended solely for the confinement 
of persons arrested for debts under 10/.; — in general they 
do not exceed forty shillings. The debtors are committed 
by the decrees of the Lord Mayor's Court and the Court 
of Conscience. The interior exhibits a picture of the 
deepest distress and misery. Very frequently, benevolent 
persons send sums of money to this prison to procure the 
discharge of a number of those creatures, and there cannot 
be a more truly charitable mode of giving relief, as a large 
family of infant children, is probably dependent on the poor 
prisoner for existence. 

Before the erection of this building, which is between 
the Sheriff's prison and the Sessions-house in Green-street, 
the poor debtors were confined in a wretched hovel on the 
merchant's quay, having a window without glazing, secured 
by iron bars : here one or two of them stood, holding a box 
with a small hole in the top, and earnestly supplicated cha- 
rity from every passer-by. 

Four Courts Marshalsea. — This place of confine- 
ment, situated in Marshalsea-lane, in Thomas-street, is 
also intended for debtors. Here are placed not only the 
debtors whose health has been injured by confinament in 
the unwholesome air of the Sheriff's prison, but others 
from various parts of Ireland who are anxious to take the 
benefit of the Insolvent Act. — The building consists en- 
tirely of lime-stone, and may be said to have no principal 
front : it is separated from Marshalsea-lane by a high wall, 
unbroken by any aperture. 

The situation is extremely healthy, being on the very 
summit of a rising ground and on the southern bank of the 
Liffey. In the prison are two court-yards, one of which, 
surrounded by the chambers of the debtors, has pumps in 
its centre, which yield a constant supply of water. In the 
other court is a 'cold bath. Here are likewise a chapel, 
several common-halls, a ball-court, and tolerably good ac- 
commodation for the debtors : indeed, from the great 
fluctuation in the number of prisoners committed to this 



SESSIONS HOUSE. 115 

Marshalsea, it would be a matter of great difficulty to de- 
cide, whether or not it ought to he enlarged. — There is 
one desideratum yet, in the construction of this place of 
confinement, viz. a perfect ventilation, which might be ac- 
complished by perforating the wall in Marshalsea-lane, as 
was suggested by Francis Johnston, Esq. some time back, 
who also showed that it would not be attended with any 
diminution of security to the prison, but it has not yet 
been adopted. 

Sessions House. — In 1792, the first stone of the Ses- 
sions House in Green-street w T as laid, and trials were held 
there in five years after. The front consists of six three- 
quarter columns supporting a pediment ; between the co- 
lumns in the second story are circular-headed windows, 
and in the lower story blank windows 5 the doors on either 
side are approached by a flight of steps, extending along 
the front, and terminated by a broad platform, from which 
the columns rise. — There is another front corresponding 
to this, in Halstein-street, leading to the apartments in 
which the agents sit during contested elections. 

In the interior of the court-house, which is lofty and 
spacious, the centre in front of the bench is occupied by 
the table for the examination of witnesses, the dock, &e. ; 
and on each side is a gallery, part of which is appropriated 
to the jury, and the remainder to the accommodation of 
the public. The ceiling, which is flat, is supported by four 
large Ionic columns 5 and, upon crowded occasions, the 
court is capable of being extremely well ventilated. 

There are four distinct courts held here. The Quarter 
Sessions, when the Recorder and two Aldermen at least 
preside and try petty offences. 

The court of Oyer and Terminer sits about six times 
each year in this court-house, and tries for crimes of a 
blacker nature than are brought before the court of Quar- 
ter Sessions. On this occasion two of the Puisne Judges 
preside. 

The Lord Mayor's court sits every Thursday, and regu- 
lates all disputes relative to journeymen, apprentices, ser- 
vants, &c. At this court his Lordship and the two Sheriffs 
preside. 

The Recorder's court is held in January, April, July, 
and October. At this court various offejacea and nrisde- 



1 1 6 M ANOH OF ST. SEPULCHRE. 

meanors are tried, and actions are brought for debt by 
civil-bill process. In this court were held all the State 
Trials in 1/98 and 1803, of those who were tried by the 
Civil Law, 



MANORS. 

There are four manor courts attached to the city, 
Grange Gorman or Glasnevin, Thomas Court and Donore, 
St. Sepulchre's and the Deanery of St. Patrick's. — The 
r manors w T ere town lands united to the city, but still pre- 
serving their own jurisdiction. 

The Manor of Grange Gorman includes that part of 
Dublin on the north, which lies in the neighbourhoods of 
Glasnevin and Mountjoy-square. The Seneschal holds his 
court in a private house in Dorset-street, at the corner of 
the circular road. He has in his employment a Marshal 
and Registrar. — The lord of this manor is the Dean of 
Christ-church. — Population of that part of the manor 
within the circular road, 6,035, and number of houses 
586. Population outside, 6,072, houses 691. 

Manor of Thomas Court and Donore. — In 1545, 
Henry VIII. granted the monastery of Thomas-court, to 
William Brabazon, ancestor of the Earl of Meath, since 
which period the appointment of the Seneschal, Registrar, 
&c. are vested in the Meath family. The court-house is a 
wretched brick building in Thorn as-court, Thomas-street, 
where small debts are sued for, before the Seneschal, 
whose powers were formerly very considerable within his 
own boundaries ; but the improvements in the government 
of the city in general, have rendered the exertion of those 
powers unnecessary. The court was first established in 
the reign of King John, and its jurisdiction extended over 
the principal part of the liberties and part of the environs 
at the south side of the city. The population of this manor 
is 1 1,207, the number of houses 913. 

Manor of St. Sepulchre. — The court-house and 
prison of St. Sepulchre are situated at the end of the long- 
Jane in Kevin-street, near the New Meath Hospital. 

The Court-house is a modern building, fronted with I 
mountain-granite. The jurisdiction of this court, as far 



I 



DUBLIN PENITENTIARY; 1 1 7 

as relates to the city of Dublin, is confined to part of St. 
Peter's, in which are St. Kevin's-parish, and the parish of 
St. Nicholas Without. The Seneschal of these Liberties 
is appointed by the Archbishop of Dublin, who is the 
Lord of the Manor of St. Sepulchre. Before the erection 
of the present court-house, the Seneschal sat in the Ar- 
chiepiscopal-palace in Kevin-street, now occupied by the 
horse-police. — The prison for debtors, in this manor, is at 
the rear of the New Court-house. The Population of the 
manor is 13,179, and the number of houses 1,033. 

Manor of the Deanery of St. Patrick's. — The 
Dean of St. Patrick's is Lord of this Manor, which extends 
only a few hundred yards on each side of the cathedral : 
it is inhabited by some of the very poorest people in the 
city, and the court of the manor has been discontinued. 
The only advantage its poor inhabitants possess is, that 
they are exempt from the jurisdiction of other courts, as 
to the recovery of trifling debts, and sometimes elude the 
clutches of the bailiff by flying for refuge to the confines of 
their own manor. The number of inhabitants is 2,289, 
and of houses 159. 



HOUSES OF CORRECTION. 

Dublin Penitentiary. — This extensive building is 
situated on the circular road, near New-street ; and is 
built of lime-stone, the ornamental parts being granite. 
The entrance is through a large gate of particularly heavy 
and durable workmanship. A Barbican, after the manner 
of that of a Feudal Castle, is placed in front, connected by 
screen walls with flanking towers : this is merely an out- 
work, and is separated from the body of the building by a 
wide passage, intended as a rope-walk. On the frieze is 
this appropriate inscription : — 

" Cease to do evil, learn to do well.'* 

And over the porter's lodge are the city arms with the 
I words 

" Obedientia civium urbis felicitas." 

The. interior is divided into two extensive courts entirely 



1 1 a RICHMOND GENERAL PENITENTIARY, 

encompassed with buildings ; the dormitories are cells 
opening to a corridor,, having doors at each end which are 
locked at night. The second floor is devoted to purposes 
of industry. The males and females occupy distinct parts 
of the building, and both are kept closely to employment. 
The former are only in a moderate state of subordination ; 
but the female criminals, partly owing to the exertion of 
several humane and religious persons who regularly visit 
this place of confinement, are brought to such habits of 
industry and propriety, that they have more distinct notions 
of morality and religion, upon quitting the House of Cor- 
rection, than when they entered it ; which is the reverse in 
almost all other prisons. 

Attached to the gaol is a large garden of three acres and 
a half, well cultivated by the male convicts, and capable of 
supplying the prison with vegetables. 

This establishment occupies altogether about five acres 
of ground, and cost about 30,000/. which was levied on the 
city of Dublin. The first stone was laid 1813, by the late 
Duke of Richmond, then Lord Lieutenant. The principal 
keeper is appointed by the grand jury. 

Another house of correction, commonly called " Bride- 
well," situated in Smithfield, was opened for the reception 
of young criminals, in 1801. 

Richmond General Penitentiary. — This peniten- 
tiary is situated in Grange Gorman-lane, adjoining the 
House of Industry. The front towards Grange Gorman- 
lane measures 700 feet, and consists of a centre of con- 
siderable breadth, crowned by a large pediment, and wings 
of great extent : the portals are at a distance from the 
main body of the building, and are connected by high 
curtain walls. There is an extremely handsome cupola, 
containing a clock with four dials, over the centre of the 
front, which is built of a black stone, quarried in the 
vicinity of Dublin ; the ornamental parts are all of moun- 
tain-granite. The general appearance of this facade is 
very imposing, and calculated to produce in the mind of 
the approaching criminal, an impression of hopeless 
incarceration, and compel him to resign at once every 
idea of liberty, unless deserved by a reformation of con- 
duct. 

This extensive building, the first stone of which was laid 



LOCK PENITENTIARY, 1 19 

in 1812, by the late Duke of Richmond, is after a design 
of Francis Johnston, Esq. and cost upwards of 50,000/. 

At the rear of the building*, retired from all communica- 
tion with its other parts, are a number of cells, where the 
culprits are enclosed in solitary confinement on their first 
admission ; they are, in proportion to their conduct, 
gradually removed into others more cheerfully situated, 
where they are permitted to hold intercourse with their 
fellow-creatures, an enjoyment at first denied them : and 
should they continue improving in habits of morality and 
industry, they are ultimately permitted to join those who 
have undergone the same beneficial ordeal with them- 
selves. 

The Magdalen Asylum—is a brick building in Leeson- 
street, near Stephen's Green : this institution, the first of 
the kind in Dublin, was founded by Lady Arabella Denny, 
and was opened June 11, 1766. Its objects are the pro- 
tection and subsequent reformation of deserted females, 
who having at first departed from the paths of virtue, have 
become disgusted with vice, and seek the means of 
qualifying themselves once more to associate with moral 
society. 

Its means of support are, the interest of 2,000/. raised 
originally by voluntary subscriptions, the collection of the 
annual charity-sermon, and the Sunday collections of the 
chapel. The produce of the penitents' labour is partly 
bestowed upon them, as an incentive to industry, and a 
part is reserved for donations upon their being restored to 
moral habits, and permitted to quit the asylum. 

The chapel is capable of containing upwards of 500 per- 
sons, and is always crowded by the most respectable classes ; 
consequently, the collections are considerable, probably 
amounting to 500/. per annum. Among other causes this 
is to be attributed to the eloquence and popularity of the 
preachers. 

Lock Penitentiary. — About 1JS9, a chapel was opened 
in Dorset-street, called the Bethesda, at the sole expense 
of William Smyth, Esq. nephew of Dr. Arthur Smyth, Arch- 
bishop of Dublin; who added an Orphan School and 
Asylum for female children only, who are lodged in apart- 
ments over the chapel. 
, To this was annexed, in 1794, a Penitentiary or Asylum 



120 DUBLIN FEMALE PENITENTIARY. 

for the reception and employment of destitute females, 
leaving" the Lock Hospital. These unhappy creatures are 
accommodated in an excellent house attached to the 
chapel, and are supported by contributions, by the collec- 
tions in the chapel, and by the produce of their own 
labour, in washing, mangling, &c. 

The chapel, w T hich has lately been much enlarged, is 
spacious and convenient, but without any ornament. 
Divine service is performed here at the usual hour of the 
established church, and the attendance is extremely nume- 
rous and respectable, so that it is very difficult for a 
stranger to procure a seat. The late chaplain was John 
Walker, fellow of the University of Dublin, and founder 
of a religious sect which bears his name [see page 101]. 

Bow-street Asylum. — This asylum was established by 
Mr. Dillon, a merchant, who had been, when an infant, 
left at the door of a bricklayer in Bow r -street, and was 
reared by him, and taught his trade. Returning from 
labour one evening he was interrupted by a wretched 
female, who endeavoured to seduce his virtuous mind from 
its purer course 5 but virtue triumphed over vice, and he 
succeeded in persuading the unfortunate female to accept 
of support from him until an asylum was procured, which 
would afford her a permanent shelter. While employed 
in this noble undertaking, he was acknowledged by his 
parents, and succeeded to a considerable fortune, part of 
which he bestowed upon his favourite and charitable pro- 
ject. Mr. Dillon shortly after withdrew from Ireland, but 
the asylum continues in a flourishing condition, and gives 
protection to above 40 penitents. The chaplain is a Roman 
Catholic clergyman. 

Townsend-street Asylum. — This little asylum is 
supported by Roman Catholics, although it admits persons 
of all religious persuasions. It was founded by a few 
weavers from the Liberty, in whom nature had implanted 
correct moral notions, and who voluntarily associated for 
the management, and subscribed for the support of this 
very desirable charity. 

The penitents are supported by contribution, and the 
produce of their industry in washing, mangling, &c. 

Dublin Female Penitentiary. — This penitentiary 
originated in the feeling disposition and amiable minds of 



ASYLUMS. 121 

a few females of respectability, at the north end of the 
city. In 1813, a large commodious house was erected for 
the penitents, in an extremely healthy situation on the 
North Circular-road, near Eccles-street, behind which is 
a spacious chapel. The penitents are employed in wash- 
ing, mangling, &c, and those who are capable are allowed 
to devote their exertions to fancy works, which are dis- 
posed of at a repository in one wing of the building. 

There are, in general, about 30 females on the establish- 
ment. Besides the produce of their labour, and occasional 
donations, there is an annual sermon preached for the 
support of the institution. 



ASYLUMS. 

Besides those already mentioned, there are several 
others through the city and suburbs equally deserving of 
notice. The Widows'-house, in James-street, was founded 
by John Loggins, a coach-driver, who miraculously es- 
caped destruction when Kilcullen-bridge fell. Moved by 
this, and other providential rescues from peril, he bestowed 
all his savings on an alms-house, which he had the happi- 
ness to see supported with great spirit and benevolence by 
the parishioners of St. James's. 

There are Widows'-houses in the following places :— 
in Great Britain and Denmark streets (commonly called 
" Fortick's alms-houses"), both which supply the use of 
apartments and two guineas per annum to the aged in- 
mates. In Dorset-street there is an alms-house founded 
by the Latouches, in w T hich the residents are allowed 
2s. 6d. per week, together with the use of comfortable 
apartments. There are thirteen alms-houses, attached to 
parishes : the first in importance is an asylum for clergy- 
men's widows, in Mercer-street, which gives excellent 
lodgings, with a gratuity of 10/. per annum, to six poor 
ladies who have been accustomed to a more respectable 
situation in life : this was founded by «Lady Anne Hume, 
upon the model of an extensive asylum for the same 
purpose in Waterford. The Presbyterians support an 
alms-house in Cork-street; the Independents in Plunket- 
n 



122 CHARITABLE ASSOCIATIONS* 

street; the Moravians in White-Friars-street ; and the 
Roman Catholics, one in Clarke's-court, Great Ship-street ; 
another in Archibald* s-eourt, Cook-street; and a third 
in LhTey-street. 

On Summer-hill is an Asylum for aged and infirm Female 
Servants ; who are admitted upon producing certificates 
of good behaviour during service. 

Mrs. Blachford opened an asylum in Baggot-street, 
called " The House of Refuge ;" where none but young 
women, of unquestionable character, are admitted, who 
are employed in plain-work and washing, until they are 
provided with eligible places. Mrs. H. Tighe, the author 
of Psyche, bestowed the purchase-money given for that 
very beautiful poem upon this excellent institution, which 
was founded by her mother. 

There is another House of Refuge, in Stanhope-street, 
Grange Gorman, for similar purposes, where between 
twenty and forty females have shelter and protection 
while seeking for employment. 

In Russel-place, on the North Circular-road, is an 
Asylum for Old Men 5 where none are admitted under 
sixty years of age, nor of any religion but the established 
church. 



CHARITABLE ASSOCIATIONS. 

Sich and Indigent Room-keepers.— \\\ 1791, the inhabi- 
tants in the neighbourhood of Ormond Market associated, 
for the purpose of relieving the poor of their parish, who 
were unwilling to beg and unable to work, and who had 
retired into some miserable garret, to pine away in 
wretchedness and despair. This humane, unostentatious, 
and religious charity, was at its first institution ardently 
assisted, and at length spread its amiable example over 
the whole city. Four committees were appointed — the 
Stephen's Green, Rotunda, House of Industry, and Bar- 
rack, each of which employs persons to find out propel 
objects of their bounty. The advantages of this associa- 
tion, which is supposed to have relieved a greater numbei 
of individuals than any other in the metropolis > were 



CHARITABLE ASSOCIATIONS. 123 

brought into action by the indefatigable zeal of Mr. Ros- 
borough* 

The Stranger's Friend Society — was instituted about 
the same period by Dr. Clarke ; and it is supported chiefly 
by Methodists, but professes to give relief to all religious 
persuasions. 

The Charitable Association — which meet at the Bethesda 
chapel, have for their object the relief of all but street 
beggars, and to procure work for the industrious poor. 

The Society for the Relief of the Industrious Poor — which 
meets at the House of Refuge, in Dorset-street, is sup- 
ported by subscription, and was established by the Quakers. 

The Debtor's Friend Society — was first established in 
1775, but was shortly after abandoned ; it was, however, 
revived about 1814. * Its object is the release of debtors 
confined in the Marshalsea for debts not exceeding 51., and 
not contracted for spirituous liquors, or any improper 
purpose. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs are e$ officio 
members of the committee for the management of this 
fund. The confined debtors also derive assistance from a 
charitable bequest of 700/. left by Mr. Powel, who had 
been himself a debtor. The interest of this is employed 
in purchasing bread, beef, and fuel, which are distributed 
among the confined debtors at Christmas, together with 
\s. Id. to each person. 

A charitable loan, called the Goldsmiths' Jubilee, was 
established in 1809, the year of the fiftieth anniversary of 
the late king's accession. The object of it is, to afford 
an asylum to the aged and infirm members of that trade, 
who are comfortably lodged in the village of Rathfarnam, 
two miles from Dublin : — it is entirely supported by per- 
sons in the same trade. 

The Ouzel Galley Association— derives its name from a 
vessel which lay in Dublin Harbour, in 1700, and was the 
occasion of a lengthened and complicated trial, that was 
ultimately arranged by an arbitration of several respectable 
merchants in Dublin. It consists of 37 members, a re- 
gistrar, and secretary, who determine commercial and 
other differences by arbitration, and the costs of the pro- 
ceedings are bestowed upon different charities. 

The Musical Fund Society — is for the relief of distressed 
musicians ami their families j those who subscribe having 



124 MENDICITY ASSOCIATION. 

a claim on the association, and an allowance to their fami- 
lies after their death. Members pay from two to ten 
guineas on their admission, the precise sum to be regulated 
by the age of the person admitted. This society was 
founded by Mr. Cooke, of the orchestra of Smock-alley 
Theatre, 1 787, and incorporated by act of parliament, in 
1 794. The chief support is derived from a public concert, 
called the " Commemoration of Handel." 

In 36th George III. an act was passed for the encou- 
ragement of e ' Friendly Societies," which induced the 
Teachers of Dublin to associate for the purpose of accu- 
mulating a Fund for their own relief, in the event of a re- 
verse of fortune, and for the relief of orphans and widows 
of members of that profession. The society is denomi- 
nated The Society for the Relief of Distressed Literary 
Teachers and their Families. At its first institution it 
was called the "Abecedarian Society," which name was 
exchanged for the present appellation. There are at pre- 
sent about 50 members, and the society have 2,000?. in 
the treasurer's hands. 

The Charitable Loan — was established 1780, and incor- 
porated by act of parliament. It was instituted by the 
patrons of the Musical Fund Society, and meets every 
Thursday in the vestry-room of St. Anne's Church. Its 
object iSi to relieve distressed tradesmen, by lending them 
sums of not less than two, nor more than five, pounds, 
without interest, which is to be repaid by instalments of 
sixpence per week. 

The Meath Charitable Society — which was established by 
the Rev. J. Whitelaw, author of a History of Dublin, has 
afforded considerable relief to the poor weavers of the Earl 
of Meath's Liberties, by lending sums, not less than 51. 
and not exceeding 20/., interest-free $ ancl sometimes it 
extends its benefits beyond this limit. 

Mendicity Association. — The absence of poor-rates, 
or any other system of regulating and bettering the condi- 
tion of mendicants in Ireland, fills the streets of every town 
in Ireland with importunate applicants for alms ; and the 
passenger landing on the pier of Howth, or the quay of 
the Pigeon-house, is immediately assailed by a crowd of 
miserable beings, half naked, vociferating in opprobrious 
language, if the application for charity be not attended to. 



INCORPORATED SOCIETY. 125 

The streets of Dublin itself, a few years ago, were so 
crowded with mendicants, that whenever a well-dressed 
person entered a shop to purchase any thing*, the door was 
beset by beggars, awaiting his egress. The spirited exer- 
tions of a few individuals have completely changed the 
face of the city in this point of view, for very few mendi- 
cants are now to be seen in the streets. 

The association commenced its proceedings in January, 
1818, in despite of violent opposition from numbers of 
their fellow-citizens. Subscriptions, however, were 
largely and willingly given; charity sermons, preached for 
the support of the institution, were numerous and bene- 
ficial; the inhabitants, likewise, consent, almost unani- 
mously, to pay a small tax, according to their means, for 
the suppression of mendicity. 

The first house taken as an asylum and work-house, 
was that belonging to the Dublin Society, in Hawkins- 
street, now the New Theatre. Afterwards, on those pre- 
mises being purchased by the patentee, others in Copper- 
alley were "taken ; and Moira-house has since been pur- 
chased, and is now fitting up for their accommodation. 

The poor are employed in various works, such as 
lace-making, picking oakum, pounding oyster shells, 
sweeping streets, spinning, netting, making and mending 
clothes, &c. 

Besides the establishment in Copper-alley, the associa- 
tion have apartments in Fleet-street, and a very extensive 
school, where the children are educated in useful trades. 
From this school apprentices are frequently taken by shop- 
keepers through the city. 

The association is under the control of the Lord Mayor, 
as pi-esident, and twelve vice-presidents, assisted by a 
committee. The Lord Lieutenant is Patron. 



SCHOOLS FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE POOR. 

Incorporated Society.— This Society, which meets 

at a large building in Aungier-street, was incorporated 

by act of parliament, in 17^0. The plan was suggested 

by the example of Scotland ; and in 1793, the Duke of 

u 3 



126 DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 

Dorset, then Lord Lieutenant, raised large subscriptions 
amongst the nobility and gentry, for the endowment of 
charter schools. Twenty-nine schools were established 
through Ireland for the rearing and educating of Protestant 
children solely, that is, the children were to be reared in 
the Protestant faith alone. Of these charter schools, 
two are in Dublin, one in Kevin-street, in the once 
splendid residence of the Coopers, and the other in Upper 
Baggot-street. 

Kevin-street school — contains about 200 girls, and Baggot- 
street maintains and educates 60. In the moral education 
the master and mistress are assisted by a catechist (a 
clergyman), who attends once each week, for the purpose 
of lecturing and examining the children in the sacred 
Scriptures. 

The society's affairs are managed by a committee of 
fifteen persons, mostly bishops, who meet every Wednes- 
day. His Excellency is President. 

Erasmus Smith's Schools. — In the rebellion of 1641, 
a large property was sequestered, part of which was 
adjudged by the Commissioners of the Act of Settlement, 
to Erasmus Smith, Esq., who endowed with it sundry 
grammar schools, and left a fund for establishing profes- 
sorships in the university. The directors of this fund 
were incorporated by Charles II. and enabled to economize, 
farm, and bestow the funds on various objects, by an act 
of George I. These governors are numerous and respect- 
able ; and the Primate, Lord Chancellor, and Provost of 
Trinity College, are eoc officio governors. Several schools 
have been endowed throughout the kingdom, and two have 
lately been opened in Dublin, one on the Coombe, in the 
liberty, and a second in New Brunswick-street ; in both 
which places excellent school-houses have been built, and 
the children are taught reading, writing, and the elements 
of a sound education. 

Deaf and Dumb Institution. — This Institution is 
situated at Claremont, near the village of Glasnevin, in 
the North Liberties of the city of Dublin ; and, though 
not within the circular road which surrounds the city, 
cannot, from its national importance, be omitted in an ac- 
count of the present state of the metropolis, within which 
it was first established, and was for some years carried on* 



DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION, 127 

A few years ago, the celebrated Robinson, who had been 
instrumental in bringing Romana's army from Denmark, 
proposed to the Irish government to establish and direct a 
national school for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, 
upon the Abbe Sicard's plan. His proposal failed, and 
he abandoned the project. Public attention, however, was 
again called to the subject, in 1816, by Doctor Charles 
Orpen, who after devoting his leisure hours, for a few 
months, to the partial education of a Deaf and Dumb 
boy, at his own house, whom he had taken for this pur- 
pose out of the House of Industry, gave a few popular 
lectures at the Rotunda, in which he brought forward the 
most striking features in the melancholy condition of the 
Deaf and Dumb, and the principal facts with respect to 
the history of their education, as a science recently in- 
vented, and the establishment of schools in various coun- 
tries for their relief. He gave, also, a general view of the 
different modes of instruction, adopted in the Continental 
and British Institutions, as far as he could collect them 
from the works to be procured in these kingdoms on the 
subject. His object, in trying to commence the education 
of this poor boy, was partly to have an amusing and use- 
ful occupation at home, when, from the effects of illness, 
he was disabled for some months from attending to his 
profession, but principally with a view to excite public 
sympathy in behalf of this unfortunate and neglected 
class, by bringing forward to their view an example of 
how much could be done for their relief, even in a short 
time, and without any previous practical acquaintance 
with the subject. The reason why they had been hitherto 
neglected and overlooked, was, that the Deaf and Dumb 
do not, like the Blind, strike a casual observer as deficient, 
and their chief want being a want of language, with 
all its inevitable effects of ignorance of all the stores 
of knowledge communicated by words, and of every 
truth contained in Revelation, or, even known to natural 
religion, brings this affliction also, that it incapacitates 
them from making known their destitution, and prevents 
others from being aware of their ignorance and total want 
of mental cultivation or spiritual knowledge. 

What first suggested this idea to him was the success of 
a similar attempt made at Birmingham ^ a few years before^ 



128 DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 

by his friend Dr. De Lys, and Mr. Alexander Blair. 
Having partly educated a little Deaf and Dumb girl for 
their amusement, for some time, Dr. De Lys brought her 
forward in a course of lectures, the result of which was that 
such a degree of public interest was excited, that an institu- 
tion was formed in that city for their relief. The perusal of 
the first report of this asylum, which had been given him 
by Dr. De Lys, in 1814, had made him determine, if ever 
an opportunity should present itself, to endeavour to effect 
the same in Ireland, where, until then, the Deaf and Dumb 
had been totally neglected. 

An extraordinary degree of public attention was ex- 
cited in Dublin, by the exhibition of Thomas Collins 
(the Deaf and Dumb boy before mentioned), in illustra- 
tion of the lectures, then delivered. His progress in 
written language, in calculation, and in articulate speech, 
after only a few months' instruction, was so satisfactory, 
that the cause of the Deaf and Dumb was immediately 
taken up by the public, and a society was established to 
provide means for their education. 

The jjreat difficulty at first was, to find a master, compe- 
tent to instruct them. Dr. Charles Orpen's object was 
merely to call public attention to the subject, and not to 
undertake any thing more; and he expected, that when 
once funds were provided, it would be easy to procure a 
teacher from some of the English or Scotch schools. 
This hope, however, was disappointed. Dr. Watson, the 
Master of the London Deaf and Dumb Asylum, said he 
could not point out any one fit for the undertaking; and 
the Master of the Edinburgh Institution was bound to 
Mr. Braidwood, the Master of the Birmingham school 
(who had instructed him in the science), not to teach any 
one for seven years, of which two still remained unex- 
pired. In this" dilemma the committee were obliged to 
intrust a small school, which they opened in part of the 
Penitentiary, in Smithfield (by permission of the Gover- 
nors of the House of Industry, under the sanction of the 
Lord Lieutenant), to two young men, who had been 
Ushers in Lancasterian schools. As, however, they were 
quite unacquainted with this branch of education, Dr. C. 
Orpen and other friends, gave the school as much super- 
intendance as was compatible with their other avocations ; 



DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 129 

and explained to them, as well as they could learn it from 
English and Foreign publications on this subject, the 
mode of instruction to be pursued, and assisted them in 
preparing lessons. 

In 1817 the committee hired a small house in Bruns- 
wick-street, for their pupils; who were still, however, 
boarded by the House of Industry. 

In this way the school was kept alive, and public interest 
extended, and funds collected and husbanded, while the 
pupils made considerable progress in spite of every diffi- 
culty, until the time arrived when Mr. Kenniburgh, the 
Edinburgh teacher, became released from his engagement, 
and offered, as he had promised before, to teach a Master for 
this country, if remunerated. The committee selected Mr. 
Joseph Humphreys, the present master (at that time Regis- 
trar to the Society for promoting the Education of the Poor 
of Ireland), as the most proper person to undertake the 
charge of their intended Institution ; and sent him to the 
Institution in Edinburgh, to study this peculiar branch of 
Education. In the meantime, they selected and purchased 
their present establishment at Claremont, near the village 
of Glasnevin, about a mile out of town; and on his re- 
turn from a residence of some months in Edinburgh, after 
having also visited all the other Deaf and Dumb schools 
in Scotland and England, they removed their pupils to 
Claremont, and placed the whole establishment under his 
care. 

It was now only that the pupils began to be instructed in 
a regular systematic manner, and the education of the 
pupils should in fact be dated from this period. At this 
time also female pupils were first admitted. The Institu- 
tion has since advanced steadily in public estimation, and 
has yearly increased in the number of its subscribers. 

Claremont has about eighteen or nineteen acres of land 
attached to it, and its grounds are beautifully laid out, 
and command some of the finest views of Dublin Bay, 
and its shores. Since 1822 the committee have erected, at 
a considerable expense (provided by a separate subscrip- 
tion), a new school-room and dormitories, capable of accom- 
modating at least one hundred pupils. They also made such 
other additions and alterations, as were necessary to com- 
plete the arrangements of a great establishment. Pre- 



130 DEAF AND DUMB INSTITUTION. 

viously to this, the difficulties in the management, instruc- 
tion, and separation of the pupils were so great, as to be 
a source of constant discouragement and anxiety to the 
master. Every part of the arrangements as to buildings 
&c. are now simplified $ the moral management is made 
easy, and the pupils also advance twice as fast as they 
used formerly. 

The number of pupils has gradually increased to nearly 
fifty, and in the course of the last two or three years 
several have left the school, having finished their educa- 
tion, to be apprenticed to various trades, or settled in 
different situations. It is to be regretted, however, that 
at every half-yearly election of poor pupils, from thirty to 
forty or fifty candidates are disappointed, for want of an- 
nual funds to ensure their support if admitted. The 
committee have formed Auxiliary Societies in Cork, and 
Belfast, which seek out and select Deaf and Dumb chil- 
dren, belonging to their respective districts, and support 
them at the Institution. 

All this has been effected, without any pecuniary aid 
from government : — and the whole of the new buildings 
and alterations were completed out of a separate fund, 
commenced for this special purpose. This fund was 
raised, partly in Ireland, and partly in England, in the 
west of which, about seven or eight hundred pounds were 
collected by Mr. Humphreys, during a tour with two of 
his pupils, Thomas Collins and William Brennau ; in the 
course of which he delivered lectures at Liverpool, Man- 
chester, Leeds, Huddersfield, Bath, Bristol and Clifton. 
Another beneficial result, which has incidentally arisen 
from this tour has been, that Deaf and Dumb schools are 
likely to be established in Bristol, Manchester, and Liver- 
pool. Mr. Humphreys has also offered to teach Masters 
for any of these towns, in gratitude for their liberality. 

This Institution has been recently honoured by the 
patronage of their Royal Highnesses, the Duke of Glou- 
cester and the Duchess of Clarence. The list also of 
Vice-Patrons and Vice-Patronesses contains some of the 
most respectable names in Ireland. 

Out of school hours the pupils are employed in useful 
works, contributing either to their health, or to form in- 
dustrious habits. ^The boys are occupied in gardening 



ASYLUMS FOR THE BLIND. 131 

and farming, and other mechanical labours, the girls in 
needle-work, housewifery, laundry- work, and dairy 
management, &c. &e. The buildings', yards, and grounds, 
are so arranged that the boys and girls in the poor esta- 
blishment have distinct school-rooms and play-grounds ; 
besides which the master has entirely separate apartments, 
and walks, &c. for his own family and for private pupils 
of both sexes, who are either Deaf and Dumb or afflicted 
with impediments in speech. 

This Institution is the first that has established a 
general correspondence with almost all other similar 
establishments in Great Britain, the Continent and 
America ; and it has collected a valuable library, contain- 
ing almost every work that has ever been published, 
relative to the Deaf and Dumb. It has also done much 
to induce those other schools to correspond with each 
other, and has offered to each to act as its agent, in circu- 
lating reports, or other publications, among such Insti- 
tutions in other countries. Its own eight reports, and 
other pamphlets, &c. &c. already circulated, contain a 
great deal of interesting information. The committee 
have also recently purchased a small printing press, for 
the employment of some of the pupils, and to print 
lessons for their own use, and for the Deaf and Dumb in 
general. 



ASYLUMS FOR THE BLIND. 

Simpson's Hospital. — This asylum was established by 
George Simpson, Esq. a merchant of this city, who him- 
self laboured under a disorder of the eyes, and was a 
complete martyr to the gout: it was natural enough, 
therefore, that his own sufferings should have directed Ms 
attention to the melancholy situation of many, who, like 
himself, sustained the tortures of the gout, or a partial or 
even total blindness, while they were not possessed of 
pecuniary means to render their situation supportable. 
He accordingly bequeathed his estate, in 1778, for the 
foundation of this hospital for blind and gouty men, in 
reduced circumstances, which was opened in 1781, and 



132 RICHMOND NATIONAL INSTITUTION, &c. 

the governors incorporated 1799. The hospital is situated 
in Great Britain-street,, and forms a good termination to 
Jervis-street : it is of mountain-granite, and perfectly- 
plain ; and in the rear is a small garden with accommo- 
dations for the exercise of the patients. There are 
twenty-four wards, which contain about seventy beds, and 
an additional one has been lately built over the new 
dining-room, so that, were the funas sufficient, the house 
could now accommodate one hundred patients. The 
number which is supported is about fifty, and in the ad- 
mission of patients, the preference is given, ccetens pari- 
bus, to those who have been the most affluent, and whose 
moral character is unblemished. 

The income of the hospital amounts to nearly 2,700/. 

Petitions for admission are to be laid before the board, 
or lodged with the registrar, one month, at least, previous 
to the second Monday in May and November. 

There are two physicians, one surgeon, a registrar and 
agent, a steward and a housekeeper. 

Richmond National Institution, for the Instruc- 
tion of the Industrious Blind. — Sackville-street. 
— This institution was opened in the year 1809, by sub- 
scription, for the purpose of instructing the indigent 
blind in various trades -, they are taught weaving, netting, 
basket-making, and many of them have made consider- 
able progress in these trades. The greatest number of 
pupils at any one time in this institution is thirty-two, al- 
though there is accommodation for fifty. There are at 
present twenty-seven pupils in the house, independently 
of a certain number of externs, who, having been edu- 
cated at the institution, are allowed to work there, the 
produce of their labour being disposed of for their benefit 
while they maintain themselves. Several of the former 
pupils have settled in different parts of the country, and 
are enabled to support themselves by their own exertions. 

The religious instruction of the pupils is committed to 
the care of the clergy of their respective persuasions. 

The matron, superintendant, teachers and servants are 
the only persons who receive salaries or emoluments. 
His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant is Patron, and the 
affairs of the institution are conducted by u seven Vice** 
Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer, 



FEMALE ORPHAN-HOUSE. 133 

Molineux Asylum — Peter-street. — This institution 
was opened in 1815, in the family mansion of Sir C. 
Molineux, Bart., which first fell into the hands of Astley, 
when it was converted into a Circus, and was subse- 
quently held by Mr. H. Johnstone, after whose departure 
from Dublin it was taken by the subscribers to the Asylum 
for Blind Females. It is supplemental to the Richmond 
Institution and Simpson's Hospital, for as these establish- 
ments confine their benefits to males, so the Molineux is 
for the accommodation of females solely ; and, as of the 
former institutions, one serves as an asylum for the old, 
and the other as a seminary for the instruction of the 
young, the Molineux combines within itself both objects. 
The house, which is of brick, is large and commodious, 
and the expenses defrayed by the profits of a chapel, 
charity sermon, and private subscriptions. The family, 
whose name it bears, have contributed handsomely. 
There are a patron, patroness, guardian (Lady Molineux), 
treasurer, sub-treasurer, secretary, chaplain, physician, 
surgeon, and apothecary. On the site of the Circus, is a 
neat and convenient chapel, where service is performed 
agreeably to the forms and canons of the established 
church. 

Blind females, above the age of fifty, have here a per- 
manent asylum ; and those below that age enjoy the benefits 
of lodging, clothing, diet, and instruction in such em- 
ployments as will enable them afterwards to obtain a 
livelihood. There are twenty at present on the establish-* 
ment, but the building would accommodate fifty. 



POOR SCHOOLS. 



Female Orphan-House.— About the year 1791, Mrs. 
Tighe and Mrs. Este formed a plan for fostering and edu- 
cating female orphans, of an age not exceeding ten nor less 
than five years, and for that purpose purchased a small 
house in Prussia-street, and supported five orphans there 
at their own expense -, but the nobleness of the design 
soon procured them several benevolent co-adjutors. The 
present extensive building, on the North Circular-road, 

N 



134 f>LEA§ANTS ; ASYLUM. 

was built by public subscription solely, and is capable of 
accommodating 160 children. They "are taught reading, 
writing, and needlework, at the same time that they are 
made acquainted with the duties of servants, for which 
purpose they are frequently apprenticed. About five 
years since, an extremely handsome chapel, in the gothic 
style, was erected adjoining the house. Divine service is 
performed here on Sundays, when a tolerable collection is 
made. The present patroness of this institution, and to 
whom it is much indebted, is Mrs. Latouche. Besides 
the accumulated fund, the produce of an annual charity- 
sermon, and the result of the labour of the orphans, 
there is an annual grant allowed by parliament for the 
support of this institution. It was visited by his Majesty 
George IV., in 1821. 

In 1793, an Orphan-house was opened in Prussia-street, 
for educating, clothing, and maintaining orphan boys : 
but this appears to have been abandoned. 

Masonic Female Orphan School. — This school was 
founded by a few members of the body of Freemasons in 
Dublin, in 1790, and for that purpose a house was taken 
in Domviile-lane, Prussia-street. In May 1797, the lodge 
190-15 contributed munificently to its support, and re- 
moved the orphans to a house in Gordon's-lane, Charle- 
mont-street. The treasurer, Mr. James Brush, of St. An- 
drew-street, resigned its government into the hands of a 
committee selected from the grand lodge, together with a 
sum of 112/. lis., and the grand lodge further granted a 
sum of 200/. from their own funds for its support. In 1798, 
a resolution of the grand lodge was passed, " That it was 
expedient subscriptions should be raised throughout Ire- 
land, for the maintenance and education of orphan children 
of Freemasons," the Right Worshipful Walter Wade, 
M.D. j D.G.M. on the throne. The funds have improved 
so much, that the school has been removed to a more con- 
venient house, No. 4, Gloucester-place, Mabbot-street ; 
and, when they will permit, it is intended to establish 
similar schoolsin different parts of Ireland. 

Pleasants' Asylum. — The charitable Mr. Pleasants, at 
whose expense the Tenter-house and Meath Hospital were 
erected, bequeathed 15,000/. for the establishing of a 
female orphan-house, for daughters of respectable house- 



ST. CATHERINE'S SUNDAY SCHOOL. 135 

holders. In this asylum, which is situated in Camden- 
street, at the south side of Dublin, and was opened in 
1818, twenty female orphans, Protestants solely, are 
clothed, educated and maintained in a manner exceeding 
any thing of a similar description in the British empire : 
and when arrived at a proper age, if they can find a suitable 
partner, receive a handsome portion in marriage. [See art. 
St. Bride's Church]. 

St. Catherine's Sunday-school — the first opened 
in this kingdom, was established by the Rev. R. Powell 
in 1786. The female children were assembled, at first, 
in the parish school-house, while the boys met in the 
court-house of the liberties of Thomas-court and Donore. 
The only recommendation necessary was a certificate from 
a housekeeper, and the number increased so rapidly, that 
some new accommodation became indispensably necessary; 
accordingly, subscriptions were raised, chiefly amongst the 
Quakers of St. Catherine's parish, for erecting the pre- 
sent extensive and admirably-contrived school-house, in 
School-street. This building, which is of brick, is 156 
feet in length, and 37 in depth ; the two upper floors are 
occupied by the schools, four in number, two for the 
boys and two for the girls, the children of each sex being 
quite distinct, and the entrances for each at different ex- 
tremities of the building. In the centre of the building, 
and between the male and female schools, are the com- 
mittee-room and master's apartments, the room of the 
supervisor of all the schools is so contrived, that he can 
command a perfect view of the four schools, by standing 
up and sitting down successively. On the 30th of Sep- 
tember, 1820, there had been admitted to this valuable 
establishment 27,7H pupils, and 360 were in actual at- 
tendance. There is no distinction of religion observed, 
but the scriptures are read by all. 

The great anxiety evinced by the children to receive 
education, induced the managing committee to open a new 
day-school, which they did March 7th, J808, whence 
to Sept. 30th, 1820, 14,883 scholars have been received, 
and the number on the books at that date was 840. The 
system of education finally approved of is Lancaster's, and 
the children are instructed in reading, writing, and cypher- 
ing, and in the scriptures without note or comment The 



136 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING EDUCATION, &c. 

funds are derived from subscriptions an 1 donations, from 
work done in the female schools, &c. and the scholars are 
provided with stationery, slates and books, which, if they 
should be so unfortunate as to lose, they are required to 
pay for. The managing committee consists of twenty-one, 
amongst whom are some members of the Latouche family, 
the Messrs. Guiness, and several of the Society of Friends. 

Free Day-schools. — In the same year (1786) in which 
the extensive establishment in School-street was opened, 
another upon similar principles was founded on the North 
Strand, for the poor children of the parishes of St. George, 
St. Thomas, and St. Mary. There is a small chapel at- 
tached to this school, the collections from which constitute 
a principal part of the funds for the support of the schools. 
Since the institution of this school, 7,800 children have 
been educated, and some of them clothed, and there are at 
present in attendance above 300. 

Besides the Sunday and Daily Free Schools spoken of, there 
are the Linen-hall street, and James's-street schools and at 
the upper end of Dorset-street, near Drumcondra Canal 
bridge,stands a conspicuous school-house, which cost 5,000/., 
bequeathed by Miss Anne Kellet, of the county of Meath. 

On Stephen' s-green there is also an extensive school, on 
the Lancasterian system, where children of both sexes are 
instructed. In St. Mark's parish is an excellent school on 
Dr. Bell's system, called Marble-street Free School. There 
was also a Sunday-school for the improvement and educa- 
tion of young chimney-sweepers : — but Robinson's humane 
invention will work greater benefits to this class of society, 
than could ever be expected from a weekly review of their 
persons and morals. 

Society for Promoting the Education of the 
Poor in Ireland. — On the 2nd of December, 1811, a 
meeting of near two thousand persons of respectability as- 
sembled at the public rooms, to take into consideration the 
most advantageous method of promoting the education of 
the poor of Ireland ; when it was resolved that a system of 
education, embracing an economical disposition of time 
and money, and affording the same facilities to all classes 
of professing Ghristians, should be adopted. A petition 
was subsequently presented to parliament for assist- 
ance in the execution of this design j in reply to which was 



SUNDAY-SCHOOL SOCIETY FOR IRELAND. 137 

granted a sum of 6,980/., with which a Model-school has 
been erected in Kildare-place, capable of accommodating 
1,000 children. In this, young men are educated for the 
purpose of being intrusted, with the charge of the society's 
schools in different parts of the kingdom. Societies have 
been established in London and Edinburgh to co-operate 
with that in Dublin in promoting the education of the 
poor in Ireland. As far as its funds will permit, the society 
contributes also to the building of school-houses, and esta- 
blishing schools throughout the kingdom ; and it keeps a re- 
pository in Kildare-place, for the sale of stationery, slates, 
school-books, and moral publications, for the use of chil- 
dren, on such terms as the most limited incomes can reach. 
Annual meetings are held at the society's house. The 
funds are very insignificant, if we except the parliamentary 
grant. The affairs of the society are managed by a com- 
mittee of thirty-one ; besides six vice-presidents. There 
are at present 1,490 schools deriving benefit from this 
society, and affording instruction to 100,000 children. 

The Sunday-School Society for Ireland. — A 
society for the purpose of promoting Sunday-schools in 
Ireland, was first proposed in 1 783, but not energetically 
carried into effect, till November, 1809, when the pre- 
sent improved and extended system was adopted. It pro- 
fesses to assist in the establishment of Sunday-schools all 
over Ireland, to supply them with spelling-books, &c. at 
cheap rates ; to furnish copies of the sacred scriptures 
gratuitously and at reduced prices. This excellent institu- 
tion is under the patronage of her grace the Duchess of 
Dorset ; the president is the Bishop of Kildare ; there are 
besides twenty-one guardians. Upwards of 1,350 schools 
have been aided since the establishment of this society, 
1,200 of which were founded by the society itself ; and 
fifty schools have purchased books from it. The society 
meets at present at No. 16, Upper Sackville-street. 

There are several other school societies in this city ; one 
for the dissemination of Irish Bibles and Prayer-books ; 
this appears an Irish mode of instructing, most assuredly, 
for had the society commenced bv teaching the poor the 
English language, the effort would have been more readily 
accomplished, and the pupil would then have the whole 
range of English literature thrown open to him. 
n 3 



138 RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 

Hatch-street Sunday-school. — This school was 
built by private subscription, and is supported by volun- 
tary contributions. It is opened twice a week for the in- 
instruction of girls in plain work, and on Sundays for the 
instruction of both sexes, in spelling, reading, and know- 
ledge of the Scriptures. 

Religious Tract and Book Society. — To facilitate 
the dissemination of religious tracts, a shop has been opened 
in Lower Sackville-street, where a collection of books is 
exposed for sale : these are selections from religious pub- 
lications, and are sold at reduced prices by the Society's 
agent. 

The repository is in Upper Sackville-street, formerly the 
banking-house of Sir W. Alexander, Bart, 



RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 



The Association for discountenancing Vice, and pro- 
moting the Knowledge and Practice of the Christian Re- 
ligion, meet at Mrs. Watson's, No. 7> Capel-street, every 
Thursday, from October to July, at one o'clock. For the 
origin of this society, the public are indebted to Mr. Wil- 
liam Watson, of Capel-street, who first communicated the 
design to the Rev. Dr. O'Connor and Rev. S. Harper, in 
1792 ; and three years after, the society was so much ap- 
proved, that his Excellency Lord Fitzwilliam became pre- 
sident. It continued to encourage public catechetical exa- 
minations of the poor schools, and distribute premiums to 
the best answers ; also to such pupils at private seminaries, 
as were best prepared in scripture. They suppressed the 
system of insurance in the lottery, which beggared and 
demoralized the lower classes of Dublin ; and assisted in 
the establishment, throughout the kingdom, of schools, on 
the soundest moral principles. Among the decorous acts 
which this society are deserving of respect for, it ought 
not to be forgotten, that they induced the governors of the 
Lying-in-Hospital to discontinue the practice of holding- 
Sunday-evening promenades in the Rotunda gardens. The 
society have distributed upwards of 60,000 bibles, 100,000 



STEPHEN'S GREEN. 139 

testaments, 100,000 prayer-books, and one million of moral 
and religious tracts ; and premiums have been conferred 
upon 15,000 children for their knowledge of the Scriptures. 
The funds of the association are derived from donations, 
subscriptions, and parliamentary grants. The Lord Lieu- 
tenant is president. 

Bible Societies.— There are several religious associ- 
ations in Dublin, which hold their meetings at No. 16, 
Upper Sackville-street ; the Hibernian Bible Society ; the 
Naval and Military Bible Society ; the Church Missionary 
Society; Auxiliary Society for Promoting Christianity 
amongst the Jews 5 the Methodist Missionary Society ; 
the Religious Inquiry Society; and some others for the 
most excellent purposes. Most of these associations, how- 
ever, are branches of similar ones in England ; and their 
objects, or rather their effects, are generally stated annually 
in the public rooms attached to the Lying-in-Hospital, by 
some of the most zealous and eloquent advocates of the 
Christian religion to be found in Ireland. The Bible 
Society have lately purchased the noble mansion of the 
Drogheda family, which is also in Sackville-street^ 



PUBLIC SQUARES. 



No city in Europe is supplied with more spacious and 
beautiful public squares, or so great a number of them in 
proportion to its extent, as Dublin. The largest and 
most noble of these is called 

Stephen's Green. — This magnificent area is a perfect 
square, the walk around which, measured on the flag way, 
six furlongs, thirty-one perches, and three yards, English 
measure : and between the chains and railing only 25 
perches and one yard less. 

The interior of this square was the property of the corpo- 
ration of Dublin, and sold by them to the inhabitants of 
the green for an annual consideration of 300/. The green 
was enclosed by a hedge in 1678, outside which, a deep 
ditch of stagnant water was carried round, which separated 
a broad gravel-walk from the interior : this walk was 
sheltered by rows of full-grown elms on each side, and 



140 STEPHEN'S GREEN. 

protected from the streets by a wall of 4 feet in height. 
Such an arrangement necessarily cast a gloominess on the 
surrounding houses, and rendered the atmosphere unwhole- 
some. 

The improvement, therefore, of Stephen's Green, was 
long contemplated, and upon the appointment of a com- 
mittee to erect the Wellington Trophy, the inhabitants 
applied for parliamentary aid, to enable them so to im- 
prove this noble square, that it might be rendered de- 
serving of the attention of that committee. Commis- 
sioners were accordingly appointed in 1815, who levelled 
and planted the interior, filled the ditch, cut down the 
large elms, and removed the wall. They have supplied 
their places by a range of dwarf stone-pillars, connected 
by iron chains, enclosing a broad gravel walk, within 
which is a dwarf wall surmounted by iron railing, en- 
closing 17 acres \ in the centre of which stands a brazen 
equestrian statue of George II. in a Roman military habit, 
executed by J. Van Nost, 1/58. — The pedestal was for- 
merly a large mass suitable to the extensive area in which 
it was placed ; but it has been diminished in bulk to suit 
the present light external decorations of the square, and 
now appears too trifling a central ornament. 

Many curious circumstances are connected with this 
statue : for a number of years it appeared to be destined 
to fall, like that of Sejanus, by the hands of ruffians ; 
from its remote situation, midnight depredators were in- 
duced to make trial of their skill in sawing off a leg* or an 
arm, for the value of the metal ; one leg of the horse was 
cut off, and a saw had nearly penetrated his neck, when 
the watchmen alarmed by the noise, routed the depre- 
dators. — Id 1816, a lengthened dispute took place between 
the commissioners for the improvement of Stephen's 
Green, and the committee for the erection of the Wel- 
lington Testimonial, about the propriety of removing this 
statue to some other site, and erecting the Testimonial in 
its place j but it was ultimately decided, that a king ought 
not to be removed to make way for a subject. — Around 
this area are many magnificent mansions, Mr. Whaly's, 
the Lord Chancellor's, Lord Charleville's, Lord Ross's, 
the Chief Baron's, the Archbishop of Dublin's, and Mr. 
JPlunketfsj and probably the picturesque appearance of 



MERRION-SQUARE, 141 

the scene is heightened by the extreme irregularity of the 
buildings. — The only public building in this square is the 
Royal College of Surgeons. 

Merrion-square — is the next in dimensions to Ste- 
phen's Green. This spacious and elegant area, which 
contains about 12 acres of ground, is situated at the south 
side of the city, and but a few minutes walk from Ste- 
phen's Green $ and was laid out in 1762 by Ralph Ward, 
Esq., and John Elisor, the architect of Antrim-house, on 
the north side of the square. The exterior walk round 
this square measures 4 furlongs, 1 1 perches, 5 yards ; the 
nagged way is twelve feet broad, and the carriage-road 
between the path and railing is fifty. The interior, is 
enclosed by lofty iron-railing, on a dwarf wall of moun- 
tain-granite. Immediately within the railing is a thickly 
planted and luxuriant shrubbery, which gives an air of 
perfect retirement to the interior walk : this walk, whicl 
is 14 feet in breadth, is continued entirely round, anr* 
measures 3 fur. 7 per. 5 yds. The great inequality o. 
this area adds much to its picturesque appearance. 

The houses on the north side of the square are some of the 
best built and most convenient in Dublin : they were built 
after the design of Mr. Ensor 5 the basement stories of all, 
on that side, are of mountain-granite and rusticated, and 
the three upper stories are of brick ; the houses on the 
other sides are entirely of brick. The north side of this 
square has been a summer promenade for many years. 
The west is chiefly occupied by the lawn of Leinster 
House, one of the great ornaments of the square ; and at 
this side also is the beautiful fountain ornamented with 
sculpture, erected by the Duke of Rutland about 40 years 
ago, now a modern ruin. In the centre is an arch, within 
which is a nymph, leaning on an urn, whence water is 
represented as flowing into a shell-formed reservoir : on 
the frieze of the entablature above, is a beautifully-exe- 
cuted medallion, on which is represented the Marquis of 
Granby, relieving a soldier's family in distress ; and on 
one side is an inscription, setting forth the life and con- 
duct of the Duke of Rutland ; while on the other, above 
the orifice of one of the fountains, is this inscription : 

His saltern accumulem donis, et fungar ftiam 
Munere. 



142 RUTLAND-SQUARE. 

Besides Leinster House, there are three splendid man* 
sions in this square, J. Latouche's, Esq., on the east side, 
and Antrim House, and the Bishop of Derry's on the 
north.* 

The walk round the lawn of Leinster House, which is 
accessible to the friends of the members of the Dublin 
Society, is exactly a quarter of a mile in extent. 

Fitzwilliam-square. — This beautiful little square is 
at the south side of the city, not far from the preceding 
one ; the flagged walk around it measures 1 fur. 31 per. 
4 yds., and that close to the railing is only eight perches 
less. 

The interior (which is enclosed by an iron railing, 
resting on a dwarf wall, and ornamented by lamp-sup- 
porters at equal intervals) is laid out in shrubberies and 
flower-plats, and is below the level of the street, conse- 
quently the foot-passenger has a perfect view of the whole 
garden at one glance. The houses here are not so large 
as those in Merrion-square, but remarkably well finished, 
and produce a large rent. Until lately but three sides 
were erected, and from this circumstance was derived the 
principal advantage this square possessed, namely, the 
magnificent mountain view on the south side, which is 
now shut out. 

Rutland-square. — The Rotunda Gardens (Rutland- 
square) are at the rear of the Lying-in-Hospital, and were 
opened by Dr. Mosse, the founder of the hospital, for 
the purpose of holding Sunday evening promenades, for 
the benefit of that establishment. These entertainments 
were continued for man^ years, to the great advantage of 
the funds of the hospital, until the Association for dis- 
countenancing Vice petitioned the governors of the 
charity to suppress them ; since which, the gardens have 
only been opened on the other evenings in theweek during 
the summer season, on which occasions, one and some- 
times two military bands attend, and play from eight till 
ten o'clock, while the persons admitted promenade along 
a terrace in front of the orchestra, eighteen perches in 
length : — the walk round the entire square, inside, mea- 

* Since the above was written, Mr. Latouche's mansion has been sold and 
divided into two good dwellings: Antrim House has passed to Sir Capel 
^lolineux, Bait, and the Bishop of Derry's is advertised for sale. 



STATUES. 143 

sures 1 fur. 35 per. The interior, which is thickly planted, 
is on promenade evenings brilliantly illuminated; and, 
lately, singers have been introduced to amuse in the in- 
tervals between the different airs called for by the visitors. 
— The receipts of one evening, at this place of amuse- 
ment, have been known to amount to upwards of 20£. 
which is a considerable sum, if we consider that the price 
of admission is only sixpence. 

This garden is remarkable for the good taste with which 
it has been laid out, and the very picturesque and pleasing 
variety afforded by the inequality of the grounds. 

The houses around this square are all noble structures ; 
amongst them are those of Lord Charlemont [see art. 
Charlemont House], Lord Longford, the Countess of 
Ormond, Bective House, the Countess of Farnham's, and 
several others. Three sides are designated by different 
names ; the north is called Palace-row, the east Caven- 
dish-row, and the west Granby-row ; the south is wholly 
occupied by the Lying-in-Hospital and Public Rooms. 

Mountjoy-square. — This small, regular, and elegant 
square, which is named after the proprietor, Viscount 
Mountjoy (now Earl of Blessington), is not far from Rut- 
land-square. The houses (72 in number, 18 on each side) 
are all regular and nearly equal in size ; none of them how- 
ever are remarkable for magnitude. The extent of the 
walk on the flagged-way round the square is 2 fur. 27. 
per., and the walk within the railing 1 fur. 22 per. The 
interior, containing 4 acres, is enclosed by an iron railing, 
and is laid out with much taste in serpentine walks, and 
planted with shrubs and evergreens. The air in this 
neighbourhood is considered extremely pure, being at the 
extremity of Dublin, and on the most elevated ground. 

There is a small square in the liberty called the 
Weaver s'-square, measuring not more than 120 feet oa 
each side, and entirely paved, like the places in Paris. 



STATUES. 

Besides the statue of his late majesty George III. in 
the Bank of Ireland, another of the same monarch, and 
one of Dr. Lucas, in the Royal Exchange, an equestrian 



144 NELSON'S-PlLLAR. 

statue of George II. on Stephen's Green, and another of 
George I. at the Mansion House, Dawson-street, — there 
is an equestrian figure of William III. on College Green, 
on a pedestal of granite-stone of considerable elevation, 
the pannels of which are decorated with military emblems. 

This statue was erected in 1700 to perpetuate the re- 
membrance of the Revolution of 1688, and gave great 
offence to the Roman Catholic inhabitants, particularly 
from a custom adopted by the corporation, of decking it 
with orange ribbands upon certain days; latterly, none 
but the lowest orders of the populace felt any indignation 
at this childish transaction, and the practice of firing over 
the statue has been altogether discontinued. In 1821, 
the Lord Mayor (Sir A. B. King, Bart.) requested these 
decorations might be discontinued, but he could not 
persuade the enthusiastic admirers of the great warrior to 
abandon their favourite amusement. On several occasions, 
the insulted party expressed their wounded feelings by 
mutilating the statue : in 1 800 the sword and truncheon 
were torn from it, and other acts of violence committed 
upon it ; in 1805, on the eve of its decoration, after 
it had been painted with most glaring and brilliant 
colours, some of the same offended party ascended the 
pedestal and blackened the figure all over with a greasy 
substance, which it was found very difficult to remove ; 
upon this occasion, it was, that the Member for the Uni- 
versity applied the following quotation so happily, f* Hie 
ntger est, hunc tu Romane caveto." 

Nelson's Pillar. — The foundation stone of this noble 
column was laid in Sackville-street, February 15, 1808, 
by the Duke of Richmond. 

It is after a design of W. Wilkins, Esq.,* of Caius 
College, Cambridge, and is of the Doric order, and fluted. 
On the pedestal are the names, Trafalgar, St. Vincent, 
Nile, Copenhagen, with the dates of the battles fought 
at those places ; and above the cornice of the pedestal, on 
the side facing the New-bridge, is a large sarcophagus. 
The abacus of the capital is surmounted by a strong iron 
railing, enclosing the platform upon the top, and sur- 
rounding a podium or circular pedestal 12 ft. 6 in. high, 
* Who was likewise architect of the Nelson column at Yarmouth, which 
i& also of the Grecian Done order, and very similar in its general design. 



THEATRES, &£ 145 

upon which is a colossal statue of the Hero leaning* against 
the capstan of a ship. This figure, which is executed by 
Kirk, is 13 feet in height. From the gallery is a com- 
manding view of the city and bay. The balcony, to which 
the ascent is by 168 steps, is 108 feet from the ground, 
and the entire height of the top of the statue 134 ft. 3 in. 
— The entire expense of this column was 6,856/. 

The Wellington Testimonial. — Though this stupen- 
dous mass of building is not actually within the city, yet 
its being seen from so many different parts of Dublin, and 
standing in the Ph^nix-park, justify some slight descrip- 
tion of it. — A committee was appointed for disposing of 
a fund amounting to near 20,000/. in raising a testimonial 
of gratitude to the illustrious deliverer of our country, 
and several sites within the city were pointed out— Ste- 
phen's Green, Merrion-square, &c. ; many models were 
laid before the committee, all of which are still preserved in 
Leinster House. The public in general appeared to prefer 
the model of Mr. Hamilton, while the committee selected 
that of R. Smirke, jun., Esq. an English architect. 

The testimonial is in the form of an obelisk, or trun- 
cated pyramid, 205 feet high. A platform accessible by 
four flights of steps supports a pedestal 56 feet square, 
and 24 feet high ; the pannels of which are to be orna- 
mented with bas-relief medallions, representing different 
victories won by his Grace : in front of the pedestal, on an 
insulated pedestal, an equestrian statue of the Duke in his 
military habit is intended to be placed. From the pedestal 
rises the obelisk, having the names of the victories won by 
the Duke, from his entrance into military life to the tmttle 
of Waterloo, inscribed on the four facades. 

In the view of the Law Courts, drawn for this work, this 
obelisk is seen in the distance, on an elevated situation in 
the Phoenix Park, formerly occupied by the salute battery, 
and commanding a view of the whole city. 



THEATRES AND PLACES OF PUBLIC 
AMUSEMENT. 

In the reign of Elizabeth, plays were represented in the 
ball-room of the castle, ^by ^ae nobility and. gentry, but 



146 THEATRES, &c 

no regular licensed theatre was opened until the reign of 
Charles I. In 1635, Lord Strafford being Lord Lieute- 
nant, John Ogilby (the translator of Homer) erected a 
theatre in Werburgh-street, for which the famous Shirley 
wrote some plays. This theatre was closed during the 
rebellion, and never re-opened ; but Ogilby procured a 
renewal of his patent, and opened another in Orange- 
street, now Smock-alley, 1662. During the performance 
of Bartholomew Fair, Dec. 26th, 1671 ^ the upper gallery 
fell down into the pit, by which three persons were killed, 
and numbers severely wounded. This accident deterred 
the public from the encouragement of theatrical amuse- 
ments for some time ; nor was the theatre re-opened, until 
1691, after the battle of the Boyne. 

In 1733, a Theatre was opened in Rainsford-street, in 
the Earl of Meatk's Liberty, by Mr. Husband ; this did 
not enjoy public favour more than three years. Smock- 
alley theatre had been for a long time, in a tottering 
condition, which induced Mr* Elsington to design a new 
structure, the first stone of which was laid in Aungier- 
street, on the 8th of May 1/33. At this time there 
were three Theatres open in Dublin, viz. Rainsford-street, 
Smock-alley, and Madam Violante's company in George's 
Lane. In 1736, Smock-alley was rebuilt and opened 
under the management of Duval. In 1745, Aungier- 
street theatre was intrusted to the management of Mr. 
Sheridan ; but, unfortunately, he outlived the public liking, 
and his edifice was demolished by the populace in 1754, 
during the representation of the tragedy of Mahomet 5 and 
it w5s supposed they were suddenly inflamed by an unfor- 
tunately appropriate passage in the play. 

In 1 756, Sheridan returned to Dublin, and was com- 
pelled, most cruelly, to make a public apology, for im- 
puted offences. About this period a passion for theatrical 
amusements existed in Dublin, and Foote and Ryder were 
warmly received at Smock-alley theatre. In 1758, the New 
theatre in Crow-street was opened, and a violent oppo- 
sition arosje, in consequence, between the two Play-houses, 
which was carried on with various success for about five 
and twenty years, when Crow-street was chosen as the 
Theatre Royal, and Smock-alley abandoned. The theatre 
in Crow»street continued in public favour for above 40 



THE NEW THEATRE ROYAL. 14 

years, if we except, perhaps, one violent attack made by 
the public, which had nearly ended in its destruction : the 
cause of the dispute was the manager not reconciling a 
disagreement about terms, between the owner of the dog 
who performed in the " Dog of Montargis," and himself, 
so as to bring the piece again before the public. After 
much injury done to the house, the public mind was 
calmed by the friendly interference of the Lord Mayor, 
J. C. Beresford. 

The patent of the manager having expired, Mr. Harris, 
of Covent Garden, purchased a renewal from government ; 
and not being able to procure Crow-street theatre from 
the proprietors, on reasonable terms, he built the present 
very beautiful place of amusement in Hawkins-street, 
called 

The New Theatre Royal — which stands on the site ot 
the Dublin Society's house, let for some time to the Men- 
dicity Association, and was opened Jan. 18th, 1821. 

The form is that of a lyre, but the line of the back of 
the boxes being struck from a different centre from 
that of the front, gives the dress circle, when viewed 
from the stage, the appearance of a crescent. The deco- 
rations of the first tier of boxes are selected and adapted 
from the temple of Bacchus ; are divided into pannels by 
gilt mouldings, and separated by gold pedestals, orna- 
mented with burnished gold caclucei : these pedestals form 
the basis of two rows of burnished gold columns, which are 
fluted, and apparently support the second circle of boxes, 
the slips, and the gallety. On the first circle is placed 
a continuous ornament, adapted from the temple of 
Erectheus and Minerva Polias ; and on the upper one a 
composition of the Greek chain, twined with the sham- 
rock : mouldings, taken from the classic models of ancient 
Greece, run all round the three tiers. The ornaments of 
the proscenium are compositions from decorations found 
in Pompeii and Herculaneum, surmounted by draperies 
of velvet and gold, and by arches surrounded by the 
Greek fret and honeysuckle. The upper part of the 
proscenium is connected with the ceiling by coves, which, 
leave no harsh lines to hurt the eye -, and this part of the 
proscenium and ceiling forms the peculiar feature of the 
theatre, and the Jim instance of such an attempt. By 



148 TtlE NEW THEATRE ROYAL. 

continuing the circle of the hack of the boxes, along the 
proscenium, instead of cutting it short by the straight 
line of the stage, as in every other theatre, a completely 
circular ceiling is formed, hy which means a great ap- 
pearance of expanse is attained, without the inconvenience 
of distance ; and the performer speaks actually in the body 
of the house, without the appearance of intruding upon 
the auditory. It is to the form of this ceiling and the 
absence of any distinct top proscenium, that we attribute 
the facility with which the slightest word uttered on the 
stage is heard in the remotest corner of the house. The 
ceiling is coved into a shallow dome, divided into de- 
corated compartments, and being supported by a circular 
row of antae (or pilasters), surmounted by an entablature 
ornamented with gold wreaths, gives to the theatre the 
appearance of a vast Greek temple. All the decorations 
are raised in burnished gold upon lilac pannels, relieved by 
fresco-coloured stiles ; the tints are so blended as to pre- 
sent no decided distinction of colour to fatigue the eye, 
and all the lines are curves. By the arrangement of the 
different artificers employed, which varied, during its pro- 
gress, from four to seven hundred persons, this theatre 
Cthe new part of which covers a space of 100 feet by 
168, whose walls are 78 feet high, and the span of the 
roof 78 feet without any support but the external walls), 
was raised and opened in 65 days, computing the day at 
10 hours and a half. The whole work was executed and 
perfected under the immediate direction of Mr. Beazley, 
the architect, of whose activity and professional skill it 
affords a striking proof, and a splendid one, also, of the 
liberality and spirit of the patentee. 

At the back of the box lobbies is a saloon for refresh- 
ments, 54 feet by 34, with a gallery at each end, sup- 
ported by Ionic columns, communicating with the upper 
circle of boxes, by which means the visitors to that part 
of the theatre have access to the saloon without de- 
scending to or interfering with the dress circle. The 
ceiling is composed of a dome and cupola, supported by 
four arches. The proportions of the Ionic order used in 
this saloon, are the same as those of Minerva Polias. 

There is a small theatre in Fishamble-street, built 
originally for a Music jHall, where the celebrated Lord 



CARLISLE BRIDGE. 149 

Mornington presided at concerts given for charitable pur- 
poses ; but this is only used now as a private theatre. A 
very neat theatre was opened in Capel-street in 1/45, by 
a company called i§ The City Comedians," who proved 
very formidable rivals to Smock-alley. But this place of 
amusement is now seldom opened for any public purpose. 

In the Royal Arcade, on College Green, there are 
several excellent rooms let out for public entertainments, 
ib one of which is a small theatre, called the Theatre of 
Arts, which is chiefly intended for exhibitions of mechanism. 

The only public promenade remaining in Dublin, is 
that held on summer evenings in the Rotunda Gardens 
[See Lying-in Hospital and Rutland-square]. 



BARRACKS. 

The foundation of the Royal Barracks was laid in 1701, 
on the north side of the Liffey, near to the Park Gate : 
they consist of a number of large squares, built on three 
sides only, the south side being* open. Palatine-square is 
quite enclosed, and the buildings faced with mountain- 
granite ; and in this square is a ball-room for the use of the 
officers of the garrison. The situation of the barracks is 
elevated and healthy, and if Mr. Peel's proposal of con- 
tinuing the parade in front, down to the water's edge, had 
been accomplished, it would have greatly added to the 
salubrity, grandeur, and beauty of this extensive estab- 
lishment. "There are several other barracks in the neigh- 
bourhood, but from the great reduction that has taken 
place in the military establishment they are not much 
used ; besides, the Royal Barracks give accommodation 
to 2,000 troops. 



BRIDGES. 

Carlisle Bridge— .After the opening of the NewCustoin 
House, vessels of large burthen had no necessity to proceed 
further up the river than that limit, so that the communica- 
tion between the opposite sides of the river was foeUitated 
o3 



150 ESSEX BRIDGE. 

by the throwing 1 of Carlisle (or the New) Bridge, across the 
river from the end of Sackville (then Drogheda) street, to 
Westmorland-street (then College-lane). This beautiful 
piece of architecture was commenced in 1791, and finished 
in three years. The carriage-way is only forty feet broad, 
much too narrow for the great concourse which is con- 
stantly passing over it 5 its length is 210 feet. The balus- 
trade and ornamental parts are of Portland stone ; and 
the remaining parts of the facing and arches are of granite. 
There are but three arches, which are ornamented by 
architraves of cut stone, and enriched by colossal heads as 
key stones. From this bridge may be had, probably, the 
finest panoramic city view in the empire. The drawing of 
Sackville-street and the Post-office which accompanies this 
volume, was taken from a window in the first floor of a 
house near this bridge. 

The Carlisle Buildings, close to this bridge, are pro- 
bably the most splendid mercantile establishment in the 
empire 5 and the great room is worth the notice of a visitor. 

This edifice was built' by subscription for a public 
coffee-room and tavern, and was sold by the trustees and 
proprietors to Mr. Kinahan for 4,000/, subject to a rent of 
400/. per annum. 

The Cast-Iron Bridge — which is midway between 
Carlisle and Essex Bridges, consists of one elliptical arch, 
the chord of which measures 140 feet 5 and its springs 
from buttresses of rusticated masonry, projecting a short 
distance from the quay walls. There was a ferry formerly 
at this place, the property of the corporation ; when Alder- 
man Beresford and William Walsh, Esq. purchased the 
tolls, and erected the bridge at their private expense : it 
cost 3,000/. and is a great ornament and convenience to the 
city. 

Essex Bridge — was built originally in 1676, by Sir 
Humphrey Jervis (subsequently Knighted in 1681, when 
Lord Mayor), and named after Arthur, Earl of Essex, Lord 
Lieutenant ; and was rebuilt 1 753-55, after the model of 
Westminster-bridge. The spans of the arches in these 
bridges are to each other as three to five, and the lengths 
as one to four : the breadth of Essex-bridge, from the ex- 
terior of the parapets or plinths, is fifty-one feet. The time 
from the laying the first stone to the completion of this 



RICHMOND BRIDGE, 151 

bridge was one year, five months and twenty-one days ; 
and the expense was 20,661/. 1 Is. 4cL The first builder, Sir 
Humphrey Jervis (says Harris), lay in prison several years ; 
and Mr. Robert Mack, by a mistake in the estimate, was 
a considerable loser, and very near sharing a similar fate. 
An equestrian statue of George I. stood on this bridge, 
but the old structure being taken down, it was removed at 
the expense of the corporation, to the lawn of the Man-, 
sion-house in Dawson-street, where it was re-erected in 
1/98. [See art. Mansion-house]. A most minute compa- 
rative view of Westminster and Essex bridges, is to be seen 
in Harris's History of Dublin. 

Richmond Bridge. — Before the erection of this bridge, 
which connects Ormond Quay with the extremity of Wine- 
tavern-street, the view down the river was much disfigured 
by the ruins of Ormond Bridge, erected in 1683, and 
carried away in the great flood of 1802. A gentleman from 
the neighbourhood of Chapelizod was riding over at the 
time, and just as he arrived at the distance of ten or twelve 
feet from the Quay, the arch before and the whole of the 
part he had passed, gave way, when his horse with one 
spring cleared the chasm before him, and bore him to the 
opposite bank in safety. 

Ormond Bridge was built at the instance of Sir John 
Davys, and succeeded a wooden bridge, erected on the 
same spot by Sir H. Jervis. This architect married the 
daughter of Col. Lane, the faithful friend and adherent of 
Charles II ; and was as enterprising for the public benefit, 
as he was unfortunate in establishing his claims with those 
who derived such advantages from his designs. 

The first stone of the present, or Richmond Bridge, was 
laid Aug. 9th 1813, by her Grace Charlotte, the present 
Duchess Dowager of Richmond ; and it was opened to the 
public on St. Patrick's day, in 1816. It is built almost 
entirely of Portland stone ; the crown of the centre arch 
is not more than two feet above the level of the quays. 
There are three arches richly ornamented, the key stones 
of which are colossal heads of Plenty; the Liffey,*and In- 
dustry on one side ; Commerce, Hibernia and Peace on 
the other : it is after a design of Mr. Savage, an English 
artist, and cost 25,000/. 

In sinking for the foundation of this bridge, several coins 



152 BLOODY BRIDGE. 

were found, some of Elizabeth, others of Philip and Mary, 
besides two boats, 18 feet in length, in one of which was 
a skeleton, with various implements ; likewise a mill-stone, 
1 6 feet in diameter ; all of which were much below the bed 
of the river. From this it would appear, that the bed of the 
river is greatly raised from its original level, which, with 
i he extraordinary elevation of the surface, to be witnessed 
in the ruins of St. Mary's Abbey, demonstrates the fact 
of the gradual elevation of the soil throughout this part of 
Dublin. 

Whitworth-Bridge — is the next to the westward. The 
foundation stone was laid by Charles Earl Whitworth, Lord 
Lieutenant, 16th October, 1816. It is like Richmond 
Bridge, and the balustrade is continued along the quay wall 
to that bridge, and greatly contributes to the splendour of 
the scene in front of theLaw Courts. This structure re- 
placed the Old Bridge, so called from its being the oldest 
site of a bridge across the Liffey since the foundation of the 
city. In sinking for a foundation, the traces of two or 
three former bridges were observed, one of them of excel- 
lent workmanship, and supposed to have been laid in the 
reign of King John : this was one of the principal entrauces 
to the city, in the reign of Elizabeth ; and in the reign 
of Henry VIII. a valuable toll was collected here, by the 
Dominican Friars, who built this bridge. Part of St. Mary's 
Abbey may be seen at the rear of the houses on the north 
side of the street of that name, and within a few doors of 
Capel-street. The Friars' Bridge replaced Dublin Bridge, 
which was swept away in 1385 ; and the present bridge suc- 
ceeded the Old Bridge, which was taken down by the cor- 
poration for improving the quays, &c. of Dublin. 

The Queen's Bridge. — In 1683, a bridge was built 
over the Liffey, opposite to Queen-street, called after the 
Lord Lieutenant, Arran Bridge -, which was swept away by 
the floods of 1763, and rebuilt in 1764. It is of granite- 
stone, consists of three arches, is ornamented with a light 
metal balustrade, and is 140 feet in length by 40 in 
breadth. 

Bloody Bridge.-— The last bridge in Dublin to the 
west is called Barrack Bridge, but more frequently 
Bloody Bridge, This extraordinary appellation was de- 
rived from the following circumstance : in 16?1* the ap- 



CHARLEMONT HOUSE. 153 

prentices of Dublin assembled for the purpose of de- 
molishing the wooden Bridge over the Liffey near the 
Royal Barracks ; but being interrupted by the military, a 
battle ensued, in which four of the young men were killed, 
and the remainder put into Bridewell. In consequence of 
this incident Barrack Bridge was built, which still how- 
ever preserves its name, and is the oldest bridge now 
standing in Dublin. 

Sarah's Bridge. — To the west of Bloody Bridge, about 
one mile from the city, at a little village called Island 
Bridge, is Sarah's Arch. This beautiful piece of architec- 
ture consists of one elliptical arch, the chord of which 
measures 1 04 feet, and the altitude from low water to the 
key stone 30. It is of a light and elegant construction, and 
is 7 feet wider in the span than the celebrated Rialto at 
Venice. In the view of Dublin from the rising ground of 
the Phoenix-park, this arch is a beautiful and picturesque 
object in the foreground. The foundation stone was laid 
in 1791, by Sarah, Countess of Westmorland. 



PRIVATE RESIDENCES. 

Most of the mansions of the nobility have been con- 
verted into public offices, and have been already noticed as 
such. Leinster House is described in art. Dublin Society ; 
for Powerscourt House, see Stamp Office, and for Moira 
House, Mendicity Association. There are ninety-one man- 
sions in Dublin totally deserted by their original proprie- 
tors, and no longer known as the quondam residences of our 
nobility, &c. 

Charlemont House— the residence of the Earl of 
Charlemont, is the most magnificent private residence pre- 
served in Dublin. It is situated in Palace-row, opposite 
the centre of the New Gardens, and is decidedly the best 
situated mansion in the city. It was built by James, the 
late Earl, a man as well known in the political world as 
amongst the schools of arts. [See Hardy's Life of Charle- 
mont]. 

This edifice, which is after the design of his lordship, 
aided by Sir William Chambers, is chaste, classical, and 



154 WATERFOED HOVSE. 

elegant. The front, which is of hewn stone, brought 
from Arklow, consists of a rusticated basement and two 
stories : the first iioor has five windows adorned with archi- 
traves, and surmounted by pediments alternately angu- 
lar and circular; those of the second story have no pedi- 
ments. The door- way, which is in the centre, is deco- 
rated with Ionic columns supporting an entablature, and 
at each side are obelisks supporting ornamented lamps ; 
semi-circular curtain walls, enclosing the sweep in front, 
and continued to the adjacent houses on each side, are 
ornamented with circular-headed niches, and crowned by 
a balustrade. 

The interior was designed with equal correctness, and 
those apartments which are completed exhibit the most re- 
fined taste in the arts. The most attractive at present is 
the library, which is one of the finest rooms in Dublin, 
and supplied with a valuable collection of books : at one end 
of this is a chamber containing a statue of the Venus de* 
Medici, carved on the spot by Wilton ; at the other, are 
apartments containing a cabinet of pictures, and a collec- 
tion of medals. The library is connected with the house 
by a long corridor ornamented with statues, particularly a 
Mercury brought from Italy by his lordship. On one side 
of this corridor is a smaller library ornamented with vases 
and urns from Herculaneum, some, of the lava of Vesuvius, 
and others of burnt Egyptian clay. There are a number 
of original paintings by the first masters ; for a list of 
which, see Catalogue of Paintings. 

Waterford House. — The first private edifice of stone, 
erected in Dublin, was built in 1740 by the Earl of Tyrone 
in Marlborough-street, after a design of Mr. Cassels, 
architect of the Bank of Ireland and Lcinster House j and 
is now better known by the denomination of Waterford 
House, the illustrious family being raised to a Mar- 
quisate. 

The front, which is of granite, consists of three stories ; 
the door-way is ornamented by Doric pillars, supporting 
an entablature^ and pediment; and over it, in the prin- 
cipal story, is a large Venetian window. All the other 
windows in both stories are regular. There is a spacious 
court-yard in front, with two gates for admission and 
egress, 



LAW COURTS. 155 

The interior, being in the style of those days, is curious 
and beautiful. The luill is richly ornamented with stuc- 
co-work, and has an oak perkenteen floor disposed in dia- 
monds and lozenges. The parlours are spacious, but 
gloomy, owing to the profusion of mahogany carved work, 
which is now of so dark a hue, that it throws a gloom and 
grandeur over the apartments. 

The stairs, balusters and hand-rail, and doors, are all 
of mahogany ; and the walls of the staircase are orna- 
mented with stucco-work, in a style superior to any thing 
of the present day. Busts of different members of the 
family, resting on consoles, are placed against the Walls. 
This beautiful stucco-work was designed by CremiUon, 
an Italian, who was assisted by the Franchii, of whose 
workmanship a very beautiful specimen is to be seen in the 
chapel of the Lying-in-Hospital. 

There is an extensive suite of apartments adorned with 
a line collection of the Works of the old masters [See Ca- 
talogue of Paintings.']'— In the small drawing-room is a 
very curious and beautiful specimen of Mosaic work in a 
marble pier table, and in the same room is a portrait of 
Catherine Poer, Countess of Tyrone, by whose marriage 
with Sir Marcus Beresford the title and property passed 
into that distinguished family : the portrait represents her 
as young and beautiful, and is inserted in the ornamental 
carved work over the chimney-piece. The next apartment 
is probably one of the most interesting objects of curiosity 
in Dublin. The ceiling is carved and richly ornamented, 
and the walls are hung in tapestry, designed by the 
younger Teniers, and executed in Holland. This is the 
best specimen of the art of tapestry-weaving to be seen in 
Ireland. There are several other splendid apartments in 
the rear of the building, commanding a view of an exten- 
sive and well-planted lawn. 



LAW COURTS. 



Previously to 1695, the courts of law in Ireland were 
itinera nt,Carlow, Drogheda, and various towns through^ 



156 LAW COURTS. 

out the kingdom, occasionally gave shelter to the Com- 
missioners of Justice. Before this the courts were held in 
Christ-church-lane, adjacent to the cathedral of that name, 
but the situation being considered inconvenient, and the 
edifice inadequate, an attempt was made to convert the 
cathedral of St. Patrick's into a hall of justice, on the pre- 
tence that two cathedrals were unnecessary 5 besides, that 
from the union of the sees of Dublin and Glendaloch, if 
St. Patrick's were turned to the required purpose, two 
cathedrals would still remain in the diocese of Dublin. This 
sophistry was successfully refuted by Adam Loftus. The 
same distinguished prelate also protected that venerable 
cathedral from being converted into a University, which 
Sir John Perrot, the Lord Deputy, anxiously endeavoured 
to effect. 

The site of the Four Courts was formerly that of the 
Friary of -St. Saviour, founded between 1202 and 1218, 
in Ostmantown, by William Mareschal the elder, Earl of 
Pembroke. It was originally a Friary of Cistercians, and 
was surrendered to the Dominicans by the monks of St. 
Mary's Abbey in 1224. In 1316, a Scottish army, com- 
manded by Edward Bruce, brother to the king of Scotland, 
and probably favoured by Richard, Earl of Ulster, at that 
time residing in St. Mary's Abbey, approached Dublin 
with an intention of besieging it, on which occasion, the 
church of this friary was destroyed, to procure materials 
for repairing and enlarging the fortifications of the city. 
But some years after, Edward III. obliged the citizens to 
restore the church which had been dilapidated for their 
benefit. 

About 1506, Patrick Hay, the last prior, surrendered 
this monastery to the King, and the site was afterwards 
granted for the erection of King's" Inns, where the judges, 
lawyers and attorneys had chambers. 

In 1/76, the King's Inns having quite fallen to decay, 
a new site was chosen for the erection of an edifice, to be 
called the " King's Inns or Temple," but which is to be 
differently appropriated from the former, and this site was 
selected to erect the Law Courts upon. 

The Law Courts, or Four Courts, situated on the north 
side of the river, are one of the noblest structures in 
Dublin, both as to magnitude and sublimity of design* 



LAW COURTS. 157 

They are built after a design of Mr. Cooley, who was archi- 
tect of the Royal Exchange • but he dying after the western 
wing was finished, the completion of this noble design was 
intrusted to Mr. Gandon. The foundation stone was laid on 
the 13th of March, 1786, by Charles, Duke of Rutland, 
Lord Lieutenant, and Viscount LifFord, Lord High Chan- 
cellor; yet the edifice was not entirely finished for J 4 
years : — the expense of building, &c. is calculated at about 
200,000/. It was intended to throw a bridge over the 
river immediately opposite the courts, and open a street 
up the hill in front of Christ Church ; but, from the close- 
ness of the building to the water, it was deemed unsafe to 
make the experiment of driving piles, and a more expen- 
sive, but much more convenient and beautiful design was 
proposed and executed. The quay wall in front of the courts 
was surmounted by a handsome iron balustrade, extending 
about 800 feet, at each end of which are handsome stone 
bridges with corresponding balustrades, forming a pic- 
turesque and magnificent fore-ground to the view of the 
courts from the opposite side of the river. The drawing 
made for this work is taken from Essex Quay, and intro- 
duces Richmond-bridge, Ormond-bridge, and the Queen's- 
bridge ; the Courts are seen on the right, and the 
Wellington Testimonial, considerably elevated, in the 
distance. 

The following architectural description of the Courts is 
chiefly borrowed from Malton, but all late improvements 
and alterations are carefully attended to, as the building 
was not completely finished when Malton's Views were 
published. 

The edifice called the Four Courts, contains the Courts 
of Law, and an immense number of offices attached to 
them : it consists of a centre, at each side of which are 
squares, one to the east, the other to the west, surrounded 
by buildings containing the law offices : these squares are 
separated from the street by arcade screens of rusticated 
masonry, surmounted by a handsome stone balustrade, and 
the entrance to each court-yard is through a large arch- 
way. Over the eastern gate is placed the harp of Ireland, 
on a shield, encompassed by emblems of Justice, Security, 
and Law, the shield resting on volumes of law books, 
bound together by a serpent entwined around them ; and 



158 LAW COURTS, 

over tlie western gate the royal shield, encircled by oak 
leaves, is encompassed by different emblems appropriate to 
the offices which occupy that wing -.—Edward Smyth, of 
Dublin, was the artist. Around the eastern court are 
the offices of the Chancery, Exchequer, and Rolls court ; 
in the western square are those of the King's-bench, 
Hanaper, Remembrancer, and the repository of the rolls 
of Chancery. 

The centre building, which contains the Courts of 
Chancery, King's-beneh, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, 
is a square of 140 feet, within which is described a circle 
of 64 feet in diameter, from whose circumference the 
Four Courts radiate to the angles of the square, and 
the intervals between the courts are occupied by jury 
rooms, and retiring-chambers for the judges, &e. one of 
them also is employed as a Rolls Court. 

The front of the central pile consists of a handsome 
portico of six Corinthian columns with pilasters, support- 
ing a magnificent and well-proportioned pediment, having 
on its apex a statue of Moses, on one side of which is a 
iigure of Justice, and on the other one of Mercy. At 
each extremity of the front, and over the coupled pilasters, 
are statues in a fitting posture, one of Wisdom, the other 
of Authority. Above the central building rises a circular 
lantern of the same diameter as- the hall, 64 feet, orna- 
mented by 24 pillars, and lighted by twelve large win- 
dows. An entablature is carried round the summit of the 
lantern, and on this appears to rest a magnificent dome. 
Beneath the portico of the south, or principal front, is a 
semicircular recess, in the centre of which is the door- 
way, leading to the hall of the courts, which is beneath 
the dome, and which, in term time, exhibits an extraordi- 
nary air of bustle and confusion. At the extremities of 
the diameters, passing through the four cardinal points, 
arc the entrances to the hall, the Rolls Court, and the 
chambers appropriated to the judges and juries, &c. and 
between these are the entrances "to the different courts, 
each entrance being between Corinthian columns two 
deep, 25 feet high, fluted the upper two-thirds of the 
shaft, and resting on a sub-plinth, in which the steps lead- 
ing to the court are inserted ; by this disposition there are 
formed eight intervals or recesses, all ornamented in the 



LAW COURTS, 159 

same style, and the piers between them are decorated with 
niches and sunk pannels. The columns support an en- 
tablature which is continued the entire way round ; above 
the entablature is an attic pedestal ornamented by eight 
sunk pannels, which are exactly above the eight intervals be- 
tween the columns j and on the pannels over the entrances 
to the Courts, the following historical events are repre- 
sented in bas-relief: 1st, William the Conqueror insti- 
tuting Courts of Justice, Feudal and Norman laws, 
Doomsday Book, Curfew. 2nd, King John signing Magna 
Charta, in presence of the barons. 3rd, Henry II. giving 
an audience to the Irish chiefs, and granting the first 
charter to the citizens of Dublin. 4th, James I. abolish- 
ing the Brehon laws, Tamistry, Gavelkind, Gossipred, and 
publishing the Act of Oblivion :— these are the workman- 
ship of Mr. Edward Smyth, of Dublin. From the attic 
pedestal rises an hemispherical dome with a rich Mosaic 
ceiling j in the dome, above the pannels of the attic, are 
eight windows of considerable size, which admit abundance 
of light into the hall beneath. The vertex of the hemi- 
spherical ceiling is perforated by a circular opening, per- 
mitting a view into the void between the two domes, as in 
St. Paul's in London. The void, which is a large apartment, 
the diameter of the hall, illumined by 12 windows, and 
used as a record-room, was originally intended for a library, 
but is obviously ill calculated for such purpose. 

In the piers between the windows of the interior dome 
are eight colossal statues, in alto relievo., resting upon 
consoles or brackets, representing Punishment, Eloquence, 
Mercy, Prudence, Law, Wisdom, Justice, and Liberty. 
Over those statues an entablature with a highly-enriched 
frieze is continued round the dome, and immediately 
above each window, 'on the frieze, are medallions of the 
following eight distinguished legislators, Moses, Ly- 
curgus, Solon, Numa, Confucius, Alfred, Manco-Capac, 
and Ollamh-Fodhla. 

The courts, which are all of exactly the same dimensions, 
and similarly contructed, are separated from the great 
hall, by a partition, the upper part of which is glazed. On 
each side of every court are galleries for the jury, and at 
the end opposite to the entrance the judges' bench is 
olaced, in an elevated position, beneath a semi-ellip- 



160 INNS OF COURT. 

tical sounding-board. Each court is lighted by six win- 
dows, three on either side, and perhaps there is too great 
a quantity of light admitted. There are numerous apart- 
ments under ground, one of which, the coffee-room, is a 
great convenience to persons who are obliged to remain in 
court all day. 

The present elevation of the Four Courts is supposed 
to be a. trifling deviation from the design of Mr. Cooley, 
whose intention was, to have kept back the central pile, and 
to have formed a continued area in front of the building, 
but this admirable plan was interrupted from the gTeat 
difficulty of procuring ground at the rear of the courts ; 
in consequence of which, Mr. Gandon, who completed the 
building, introduced the idea of distinct court-yards 
divided by the centre. The front of the Four Courts to- 
wards the Quay extends 450 feet, and its depth is 170. 

Inns of Court.-— Before the reign of Edward I. there 
were no regular courts of Justice nor Inns of Court : the 
number of Palatinates and Chiefries existing through Ire- 
land, which were governed by the old Brehon laws, ren- 
dered a court of Chancery unnecessary ; but an Exche- 
quer was still required. The Brehon laws were of so mild 
and conciliating a spirit, that a fine (erick) was the only 
punishment inflicted even for the worst of crimes. 

It is manifest that such a system, in those days, must 
have been liable to infinite abuses, and after an existence 
of nearly four centuries under the crown of England, the 
application of them was at length declared to be treason- 
able, in the 40th of Edward III. by the statute of Kil- 
kenny. The Brehon laws were written in a character 
called the " Phenian dialect," and the family of Mac 
Egan alone possessed the secret of decyphering their re- 
cords, and were in possession of this secret, down to the 
reign of Charles I. — Henry II. is said to have held a court 
in Dublin (Nov. 1172), but all records or manuscripts 
relating to it are lost. 

The first institution of an Irish Inn of Court took place 
in the reign of Edward I. : it was called Collet's Inn, and 
was outside the city walls, where Exchequer- street and 
George's-street south are now built ; here also were the 
superior courts of justice. But, unfortunately, a banditti 
from the mountains of Wicklow, watching an opportunity, 



INNS OP COURT, 161 

when the deputy and great part of the military strength 
were engaged at a distance, entered and plundered the 
Exchequer, and burned every record. About the same 
period, both in England and France, a similar attack was 
made on the Temple and other public literary establish- 
ments. 

This obliged the government to remove the seat of jus- 
tice from without the walls; and the courts were at first 
appointed to be held in the Castle of Dublin -, and then at 
Oarlow. Whilst the Courts and Inns of Law were held in 
this ambulatory manner, in the reign of Edward III., Sir 
Robert Preston, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, resigned, 
for an Inn of Court, his noble mansion, situated where 
the Royal Exchange now stands, and having a range of 
offices extending from that to Essex-bridge : on this site 
Lord Chief Baron Bysse, some years after, built a noble 
residence, which was taken down in 1 762, to open Parlia- 
ment-street. 

In Preston's Inns the benchers, lawyers and attorneys 
had chambers, and for two centuries, this Collegiate 
Society, was upheld with dignity. After the death of Sir 
Robert Preston, the family, which had been honoured by 
a peerage, in 1478, with the title of Viscount Gormans- 
town, disputed the claim to the site of Preston's Inn, and 
the benchers and lawyers were dispossessed. At this time 
the Courts of Law were held in the Castle of Dublin, 
which being found inconvenient, the Inns of Court were 
removed to the dissolved Pvlonastery of Dominicans, called 
the Monastery of St. Saviour's, where the Four Courts 
now stand [see page 157]. In 1542, Henry VIII. as- 
sumed, for the first time that any English monarch had 
done so, the title of King of Ireland, and from the royal 
founder this society took the denomination of the "King's 
Inns." It obtained from him grants of land in Michan's 
parish, &e. besides parliamentary support $ and a statute 
was introduced, obliging each student to reside for two 
years at an English Inn of Court, to assist in introducing 
the English practice of law into this kingdom. From this 
date, the society of King's Inns began to assume impor- 
tance as a body. 

. The King's Inns occupied this site for a considerable 
time l but the building* wei 3 at length allowed to fall into 
p 3 



162 INNS OF COURT; 

a ruinous condition. Some time after (1771) a report was 
made to government, that a repository for public records 
was much wanted, and the present site was recommended 
as the most convenient for such a building ; and being also 
considered eligible for the Law Courts, the present mag- 
nificent building was erected, containing both. A promise 
of compensation was made at the same time to the Society 
of King's Inns for the ground, which it does not appear 
has ever been fulfilled. 

Six years previously to this, the Society had taken a 
plot of ground from Primate Robinson, at the upper end 
of Henrietta-street, where the first stone of the New Inns 
was laid by Lord Clare. The situation was unhappily 
chosen, being accessible only from the rear, and the rent 
very extravagant ; nor was it certain whether the lessor 
had* power to dispose of the ground in perpetuity ; it was 
disputed, too, whether he could purchase the interests of 
under tenants, and become the sole lessor ; and after 
much consultation, it was ultimately arranged only by 
the passing of an act of Parliament. 

The edifice called the Inns of Court, presents a beauti- 
ful front, of hewn stone, to the rear of the houses on 
Constitution-hill, consisting of a centre and wings. The 
wings, which extend back ] 10 feet, present a facade of 
two stories, surmounted by pediments -, over the windows 
of the second story, in the north wing, is an alto-relievo, 
representing Bacchus and Ceres sacrificing on an antique 
tripod, attended by the Seasons 5 and over the front of the 
south wing, or Prerogative Court, in a similar manner, 
are represented, Wisdom, Justice and Prudence, sacri- 
ficing on an altar, attended by Truth, Time, and History. 
On the entablature in the centre of the building, the 
lawyers and prelates of Ireland are represented, receiving 
a translation of the Bible and a charter from Elizabeth. 

The doorways in front of the Dining-hall and Preroga- 
tive Court, are ornamented by caryatides,* supporting a 
rich cornice, and resting on pedestals. Those at the 
door of the dining-hall, are Plenty and a Bacchante with 
a goblet j and at the entrance of the Prerogative Court 

* Caryatides are statues employed to support an entablature instead of 

columns, 4 



THE PREROGATIVE COURT. 163 

and Record Office, are Security and Law, one holding a 
key, the other a scroll. 

Beneath the central building, which is crowned by a 
beautiful octangular cupola, is a lofty arched gateway, 
with doors at either side, leading into the space between 
the Dining-hall and Record Office, which run parallel to 
each other ; and at the farther end is a magnificent cor- 
responding gate, communicating with Henrietta-street. 
Over this are the royal arms in Portland stone, which, 
together with all. the statuary of the building, were 
executed by Edward Smyth, a Dublin artist of very con- 
siderable merit. 

The Dining-hall, which occupies the principal part of 
the north wing, is 81 feet by 42, ornamented by four 
three-quarter Ionic columns at either end, over which 
in circular recesses in the ceiling, are figures in alto- 
relievo, representing the four Cardinal Virtues. At the 
end of the hall where the benchers' table is placed, the 
floor is elevated about 12 inches above that of the re- 
maining part, and over the chimney-piece at this end is 
a portrait of Lord Chancellor Manners. The room is 
lighted by five circular-headed windows on one side, 
between which are niches intended to be filled with 
statues ; and on the opposite side are portraits of Lords 
Avonmore and Manners. The lawyers and law-students 
dine on one side, and the attorneys on the other side of 
the hall. 

Over the Ante-hall is the library, a room only 42 feet by 
17, and never intended for this purpose. Part of this col- 
lection was the property of Christopher Robinson, Esq. 
Senior Puisne Judge of the Court of King's-bench, and 
the selection of law books was made chiefly by Charles, 
Earl Camden, Lord Chancellor. — The library is open 
every day from two to four o'clock. 

This elegant structure is erected from the designs of 
James Gandon, Esq. the Architect of the Custom-house. 

The Prerogative Court— -was formerly held in a 
large mansion in Henrietta-street, once the residence of 
Primate Robinson, adjoining the Inns of Court ; but it 
has lately been removed to the south wing of the Inns, 
where a court is held, on Tuesdays and Fridays each week 
in Term. The remaining part of this wing is occupied 



164 GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 

with records of different kinds, original wills, administra- 
tions, licences of marriage ; and here also are preserved 
the manuscripts called, " Regal Visitation Books." The 
oldest record in this office is dated 1530. 

The Consistorial Court — which was originally held 
in the Cathedral of the diocese, is now held in Stephen's- 
green, at the house of the Deputy Registrar, Thomas 
Clarke, Esq. Here all cases of blasphemy, apostacy, 
&c. are decided, marriage licences granted, and all points 
connected with the rights and privileges of the church ad- 
justed. The records in this office do not bear a date more 
ancient than 1600, and even these are not complete, there 
being an hiatus from 1730 to 1779. There is in this office 
a valuable set of books in admirable preservation, called 
Title Booh. 

High Court of Admiralty.— -There is a regular Court 
of Admiralty in Dublin as in London, and for the same 
objects : it is held in the Law Courts, and consists of a 
Judge, three Surrogates, a Registrar, Marshal, and Proc- 
tors, &c. The independence of this court was preserved 
by a special clause in the Act of Union. The date of the 
oldest MS. in the Registrar's possession is 1/47, at which 
period this court was probably first instituted. 

Board of First Fruits. — This board, chiefly consist- 
ing of the dignitaries of the established church, holds its 
meetings twice in the year at the Record Office in the 
Lower Castle-yard ; their principal business is the aug- 
mentation of the value of small livings, by purchasing glebe, 
building glebe-houses, &e. and improving the property of 
the church of England. Their grants are made according 
to a certain scale. Here are many public records, which, 
about 1814, were arranged in systematic order ; and 
amongst- them was found the charter of Trinity College, 
which ^ T as restored to the Universitv. 



PUBLIC OFFICES. 



General Post-Office. — France may, perhaps, be con- 
sidered as being the first nation that established a regular 



GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 165 

and systematic mode of transferring* letters;* and Eng- 
land, of course, quickly adopted so obviously important 
an advantage. Edward VI. prescribed a certain rate per 
mile, to be charged for post horses, viz. one penny -, and 
a post was established between London and Edinburgh ; 
and between Chester and Dublin, by way of Holyhead. 
Cromwell also extended this establishment, and with the aid 
of parliament took the management into the hands of 
government: at this time packets sailed between Dublin 
and Parkgate or Chester, and between Milford and Water- 
ford. 

The first director of the Post-office, appointed by go- 
vernment, was John Manley, who was obliged to make 
uniform charges for the conveyance of letters, at the rate 
of twopence for eighty miles. A Postmaster General for 
the British dominions, was appointed in 1711, and a sepa- 
rate establishment opened in Ireland, under the direction 
of two Postmasters General, in 1784. From this date, the 
facility of communication through the kingdom has rapidly 
increased, and the number of post towns in Ireland, at 
which this office advertises to deliver letters, amounts to 
above 400. 

The Penny-Post-office was opened in 1770, and is con- 
ducted in an expeditious manner, there being* four col- 
lections and four deliveries of letters through the city 
every day, Sunday excepted ; and in the neighbourhood of 
Dublin there are two collections and deliveries daily ; but 
all letters delivered beyond the circular road pay twopence 
postage. 

The next feature of importance is the establishment of 
mail-coaches, a measure fraught with much advantage to 
the general interests of Ireland. Parts of this kingdom, 
hitherto unknown, are now in a state of civilization, o wing- 
to the intercourse they enjoy with more cultivated society. 
Mail-coaches were first established in England in 1784, in 
Ireland in 1790. Mr. Anderson, of Fermoy, first contracted 
to run a coach, carrying the mail-bags betwen Dublin and 
Cork, and Mr. Grier, between Dublin and Newry. The 
Road Act was shortly after passed, which has opened 
every part of Ireland to the traveller, with convenience 

* In the reign oi Louis XI, M75. 



166 GENERAL POST-OFFICE. 

and safety; and a chain of communication is now kept up 
throughout the kingdom, by means of a very ingenious 
management of the coaches, for wherever the direct mail 
from Dublin to any town stops, a light coach is in waiting 
to proceed by cross roads. Coaches leave the General 
Post-office every evening at eight o'clock precisely. 

The English mail is despatched every morning at seven 
o'clock, in a mail cart, to Howth-harbour, whence it is 
conveyed by government steam-packets, of great power, 
to Holyhead. All letters for Scotland and the north of 
England are sent by way of Donaghadee and Port Patrick, 
and to the South, by way of Waterford and JMilford 
Haven. 

The General Post-office was at first held in a small 
building on tlie site of the Commercial Buildings, and was 
afterwards removed to a larger house, opposite the Bank 
on College-green (since converted into the Royal Arcade): 
and on January 6th, 1818, the new Post-office in Saekville- 
street was opened for business. 

The foundation-stone of this magnificent edifice, which 
is built after a design of Francis Johnston, Esq., was laid 
by his Excellency Charles, Earl Whitworth, August 12, 
1814, and the structure was completed in the short space 
of three years, for the moderate sum of 50,000/. The 
site on which the new Post-office is erected, was previously 
occupied by a range of houses corresponding with those 
in the same street, near Carlisle-bridge, and used for some 
time as a temporary barrack : but they were so badly 
built, and so shaken by their numerous inmates, that 
while occupied by the military, they fell down, the soldiers 
and their families having scarcely time to escape. 

The front, which extends 220 feet, has a magnificent 
portico (80 feet wide) of six fluted Ionic columns, 4 feet 
6 inches in diameter. The frieze of the entablature is 
highly enriched, and in the tympanum of the pediment 
are the royal arms. On the acroteria of the pediment 
are three statues, by John Smyth, viz. Mercury, on the 
right, with his Cadueeus and purse ; on the left, Fidelity, 
with her finger on her lips, and a key in her hand ; and in 
the centre, Hibernia resting on her spear and holding her 
shield. The entablature, with the exception of the archi- 
trave, is continued along the rest of the front ; the frieze. 



STAMP-OFfTCE. 167 

however, is not decorated as it is over the portico. A 
handsome balustrade surmounts the cornice of the build- 
ing', which is 50 feet from the ground. With the excep- 
tion of the portico, which is of Portland stone, the whole 
is of mountain-granite. The elevation has three stories, 
of which the lower, or basement, is rusticated, and in 
this respect it resembles the India Kouse in London, 
where a rusticated basement is introduced, although the 
portico occupies the entire height of the structure. 

Over the centre of the building is seen a cupola, con- 
taining the chimes and bell on which the clock-hammer 
strikes. This bell is so loud, that it is heard in every part 
of the city. 

The interior is particularly remarkable for the conve- 
nience of its arrangement and the number of its commu- 
nicating apartments. The Board-room is a very handsome 
apartment, furnished with two seats, which are for the 
Postmasters General : over the chimney-piece, protected 
by a curtain of green silk, is a bust of Earl Whitworth, 
in white marble, by John Smyth. 

Stamp-Office. — The business of this ofhee was for- 
merly transacted in a range of old brick buildings in 
Eustace-street, on the north side of Dame-street ; but it 
was removed, May 3rd, 1811, to William-street. An office 
for the manufacture and distribution of stamps was first 
established in this kingdom during the government of 
Earl Harcourt, in 1774, and even then was productive of 
a considerable revenue, which, from the augmentation of 
stamp duties, has since increased to more than ten times 
its early amount. The gross produce of stamp-duties for 
the years 1812, 13, and 14, exceeded 700,000/. 

1815 it amounted to £.747,586 8 5j 

1816 591,265 8 11 

1817 596,709 16 8 

1818 610,396 15 ?| 

1819 602,535 12 7h 

1820 557,403 1 10 

1821 to June 5th . . 485,429 8 8 

The accounts furnished before 1818 were all in Irish 
currency, but from that date they have been returned in 
British, and are to continue so in future. 



168 STAMP-OFFICE. 

The present Stamp-office was the private residence of 
the Viscounts Powerscourt ; it was commenced in the 
year 1/71, and completed in three years, for the moderate 
"sum of 10,000/. ; it is after a design of Mr. Robert Mack, 
architect. The Commissioners of Stamp-duties purchased 
it for 15,000/. 

The west front, which is toward William-street, is of 
mountain-granite, from his lordship's estate in the county 
of Wicklow j the ornaments and dressings being of Port- 
land-stone. This facade consists of a basement, principal 
floor, and mezzanine. The first of these, which has circu- 
lar-headed windows, is rusticated, and has a Done enta- 
blature, continued also over the gateways on the sides, in 
lieu of wings. The ascent to the grand entrance is by a 
broad flight of steps, with a stone balustrade ; and the door 
has Doric pilasters and an entablature. The windows of 
the first floor, three on each side of the centre, rest on rich 
pedestals, and have pediments, of which the middle one of 
the three is semi-circular. Above the slight projection or 
break, forming the central division of this elevation, is a 
pediment with a circular window in its tympanum, and 
over this is a singular species of attic, enriched with 
carved scrolls instead of pilasters. From this part of the 
structure, which was originally intended as an observatory, 
may be obtained as extensive a view as the smoke of the 
city will permit. This fine edifice cannot at present be 
seen to advantage, being in the narrowest part of a narrow 
street (William-street), immediately opposite Castle-mar- 
ket. 

The hall and staircase are decorated with rich heavy 
stucco-work, not suited to the taste of the present day ; 
and the stairs and balusters are of mahogany. 

In the drawing-room of this splendid mansion are two 
slabs of the lava of Vesuvius, richly mounted as pier 
tables 5 and in this room were a few paintings of the old 
masters, which are now at his lordship's magnificent resi- 
dence in the county of Wicklow. 

The gateways on each side of the house have been con- 
verted into entrances to the different offices of the esta- 
blishment : these are principally held in a square of build- 
ings erected at the rear of the house for this purpose, 
which improvements cost the commissioners 15,000/, 



BALLAST-OFFICE. 169 

Ballast-Office. — This useful establishment holds its 
meeting in a handsome house, built for the purpose, in 
Westmorland-street, near Carlisle-bridge. 

The society was incorporated in 1 707, under the title of 
" The Corporation for Preserving and Improving the Port 
of Dublin/ ' and was placed under the superintendence of 
the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, and some of the citizens. At 
this period great improvements were made in the entrance 
of the harbour, which was extremely dangerous, owing to 
two sand-banks, called the North and South Bulls, which 
completely choked it up j a channel of some breadth was 
cleared, and a floating light established, where the Dublin 
light-house has since been erected. About 1714, the river 
was embanked on both sides, a quay wall built, and a 
large quantity of marshy ground reclaimed ; and about 
1/48, that extensive work, the Mole, which connects 
Ringsend and the Pigeon-house, was commenced, and the 
expense defrayed by a tonnage on shipping. Shortly after, 
this corporation was intrusted with fuller powers, both as 
to the nature of the improvements they were to undertake, 
and as to the election of new members to fill vacancies at 
their board. Their next great work was the building of 
the Mole* and Light-house in Dublin Bay ; but the grand 
conclusion of their labours was the enclosing of the Liffey 
within the present magnificent quay walls, which extend 
from Ringsend to Bloody-bridge, a distance of three Eng- 
lish miles ; which has not only deepened the channel, but 
greatly benefitted and improved the city. Dublin was 
well supplied with bridges before the incorporation of this 
body, but two of them were in a dilapidated condition, 
and one, called the Coal-Quay (or Orinond) bridge, was 
swept away by the floods. The Ballast Office have sup- 
plied their places by Richmond and Whit worth bridges. 

Since the institution of this body, the coast of Ireland 
has been rendered more safe to the mariner by the erec- 
tion of light-houses in various places. The most extra- 
ordinary in point of situation, and which was attended 
with many melancholy disasters during its building, is 
that on the Tuskard Rock en the coast of W T exford. The 

* This wall measures 9,816 feet from the Pigeon-house to the Light- 
house. 

Q 



]?0 PAVING BOARD. 

light-house erected on the Bailey at Hbwtn is probably 
one of the best-situated on the coast, and lighted on very 
improved principles, the reiiectors being ground to the 
parabolic form, and an oil lamp placed in the focus of 
each. 

The funds of this Board are derived from the sale of 
ballast to the shipping, which they raise from the channel 
of the river, and from a tonnage on vessels arriving in port. 
The expense of building the quay walls was defrayed by 
a tax, which has now ceased to be demanded. The Direc- 
tors of this Board do not receive salaries, and perhaps no 
establishment in the kingdom has given greater satisfac- 
tion, or been of more real benefit. 

Paving Bo Ann. —This board consists of a chief Com- 
missioner and two others, with two supervisors, a trea- 
surer and secretary, the amount of whose salaries is 2,300/. 
per annum. The objects of this board are of course most 
important, paving, lighting, and cleaning the streets, 
making sewers, and, in summer, watering the public ways. 
There are few cities in better condition as to pavement, 
and none so well supplied with broad and even flag-ways. 

M any great improvements have been made by this body ; 
there were formerly in almost every street one or two 
fountains which, though a great ornament, were a greater 
nuisance, and the cause of many sad accidents, as they 
were always crowded by the idle, and the pavement around 
was so wet and slippery, that horses, particularly in har- 
ness, have frequently fallen in attempting to pass, and in 
winter these places became a perfect sheet of ice. All 
these nuisances have been removed, at a trifling loss to 
the city, in point of picturesque appearance. The light- 
ing of the city, however, is not so creditable j but the 
introduction of gas-light will remedy this evil. 

This Board formerly held its meetings in a large brick 
house at the corner of Dawson-street, the site of Morri- 
son's hotel, from whence it removed to its present situation 
in Mary-street. This house was formerly the residence of 
the ancient and respectable family of the Rowleys, from 
whom it was purchased for a temporary barrack ; and at 
the conclusion of the war, transferred to the Paving- 
board, who have fitted it up conveniently, and erected 
stabling at the rear for their horses, and sheds for the- 






THE PIPE WATER COMMITTEE. 171 

watering*- carts. The bricks of which this house is built 
were made in. the county of Meath, and are of a very pecu- 
liar colour and excellent quality. 

Wide-Street Commissioners. — The commissioners 
for " opening wide and convenient streets" were appointed 
in 1758, when the first improvement they made was, to open 
a passage from the Castle to Essex-bridge ; after which, 
they were directed to improve the city generally, by open- 
ing wide avenues. Their funds for the purchase of houses 
are derived partly from parliament, from a tonnage on 
coals imported to Dublin, and from a card tax levied from 
the citizens. The next improvement was the opening of 
Dame-street, so as to form a proper avenue from the seat 
of government to the Parliament-house. Westmorland- 
street. Sackville-street (formerly Drogheda-street), and 
Cavendish-row, and the passages along the river on both 
sides, are lasting monuments of the labours of this useful 
body. The last improvement was the opening of D'Olier 
and New Brunswick-streets ; and from the end of York- 
street in Aungier-street, a passage will be continued to St. 
Patrick's Cathedral, forming one direct and splendid com- 
munication between Stephen's Green and that venerable 
edifice. The Improvements in the vicinity of the other 
cathedral are going on with rapidity. Numerous other 
avenues have been opened, which it would be impossible 
to enumerate here 5 but the best argument in favour of 
the proceedings of this board, is the magnificence of the 
avenues and streets of Dublin. 

The improvements lately made in the vicinity of St. 
Patrick's Cathedral have been spoken of under that ar- 
ticle [p. 50]. 

The Board meet at the Secretary's bouse in Blessington- 
street, where their proceedings may be seen, contained in 
24 folio volumes of manuscript, numerically arranged. 

The Pipe-Water Committee — instituted for the pur- 
pose of supplying the city with water, is composed of 
members of the corporation solely ; viz. the Lord Mayor 
and Sheriffs, 12 Aldermen, and 24 of the Common Coun- 
cil. They have the power of levying taxes for the supply 
of pipes, and paving the streets after they are laid, and 
holding a meeting every Monday at the city Assembly- 
room in William-street, at the corner of Coppinger's-row, 



172 CUSTOM HOUSE. 

There are three basins attached. to Dublin for the sup- 
ply of fresh water, one at the end of Basin-lane in James's - 
street, which is an English mile in circumference, and 
round which is a broad gravel-walk, formerly one of the 
most fashionable promenades in the vicinity of Dublin. 

A second basin is situated on the high ground at the 
upper end of Blessington-street, also encompassed by a 
terrace, and enclosed by a strpng close hedge, for the sup- 
ply of the north side of the city ; and the third is on the 
banks of the canal, near Porto-bello harbour, to feed the 
pipes in the south-eastern part of Dublin. 

The water was formerly conveyed by wooden pipes from 
these basins through all the streets, and a leaden pipe, 
inserted in the main, supplied each house. It being- 
found, however, that the wooden pipes were subject to 
very speedy decay, and consequently superinduced enor- 
mous expence, metal pipes were adopted in 1802, and 
have been continued ever since. A new tax was imposed 
on the citizens, for the accomplishing of this object, called 
the " Metal Main Tax/' which they have not borne with 
much good feeling, and it will, in ail probability, be shortly 
removed. 

The Custom House.— The old Custom House stood 
near Essex-bridge, between Essex-street and the river, 
and was built in the year 170/. It must have been 
inconvenient for business ; besides which, the navigation 
of the river could not be improved, owing to a bed of 
rocks which extended across the river, opposite to the 
building. These circumstances induced the Commis- 
sioners to erect a new and capacious Custom House nearer 
to the mou' h of the river : accordingly they chose the 
present site on the north bank, on Eden Quay ; and since 
this quay has been opened and its walls completed, there 
is, perhaps, no city in Europe that affords a coup d'ceil 
more magnificent than the panoramic view from Carlisle- 
bridge. From this point the spectator beholds Sackville- 
street with the Post-office and its beautiful portico, Nel- 
son's Pillar, and the Rotunda ; in the distance — the south 
front of the Custom House with the quay walls and ship- 
ping — Westmorland-street with the portico of the old 
House of Lords, and the north pavilion of Trinity Col- 
lege—and D'Olier-street, with the Dublin library, a 






CUSTOM-HOUSE. 173 

handsome stone building, terminated by a view of the 
front of the new-square of Trinity College. In conse- 
quence of the violent opposition of Lord Shannon, to the 
passing of the Bill through the Irish House, not only was 
the building of the new Custom House delayed, but the 
first stone Was laid, almost in secret, by the Right Hon. 
John Beresford. 

This edifice, the second building in Dublin in point of 
extreme elegance of workmanship, is an extensive pile, 
and if we except, perhaps, its proximity to the water's 
edge, admirably situated ; yet, although its contiguity to 
the river is a defect, as far as beauty is concerned, it is 
convenient for the despatch of business. 

There are four fronts, accurately corresponding to the 
four cardinal points. The south or principal front, 
which is entirely of Portland- stone, extends 375 feet, and 
the depth of the building from north to south is 209. 
The central part which is 130 feet in breadth, is continued 
from the north to the south front, and forms the partition 
between two spacious court-yards, which were indispen- 
sable in affording light to the apartments in the interior 
or central part of the building. In the centre of this 
front is a portico of four Doric columns supporting an en- 
tablature, with a fine projecting mutule cornice, and a 
frieze enriched with the heads of oxen connected by fes- 
toons. The tympanum of the pediment is decorated with 
a group of figures in alto relievo, Britannia attended by 
Strength, Justice, Naval power and Victory, Hibernia 
and Britannia embracing each other, and holding the 
emblems of peace and liberty. These figures are seated 
in a marine chariot, or shell, drawn by sea-horses, and at- 
tended by a crowd of Tritons, after whom appears a fleet 
of merchant ships, bearing the produce of various nations 
to the shores of Ireland, and wafted by the trade winds : 
the whole was designed and executed by Mr. Edward 
Smyth. — The attic story, which is the height of the pedi- 
ment, supports four allegorical statues, of Industry, Com- 
merce, Wealth, and Navigation, executed by Thomas 
Banks, Esq. R. A. of London. Above the portico is a 
magnificent cupola, resembling those at Greenwich Hos- 
pital, its dome is 26 feet in diameter, and is supported by 
40 columns, On the apex of the dome is a circular 
Q3 



174 CUSTOM HOUSE, 

pedestal, upon which is placed a colossal statue of Hope 
12 feet high. The entire elevation to the summit of this 
figure is 125 feet. On the key stones of the arches over 
the different door-ways, sixteen in number, are colossal 
heads, emblematic of the different rivers of Ireland, dis- 
tinguished by means of the produce of their banks ; the 
Anna Liffey which runs through the city is represented by 
a female, all the rest by male heads. — These also are the 
workmanship of Mr. Edward Smyth, an Irish artist.* 

The pavillion at either extremity of this facade has a 
recess with two Doric columns (corresponding with similar 
recesses in the centre pile of the building, one on each side 
the Portico), above which, of the same height as the balus- 
trade and surmounting the cornice of the edifice, is a 
pannel decorated with festoons, and serving as a pedestal 
to a group formed of the arms of Ireland on a shield, 
with the Lion and Unicorn, executed by Smyth. In each 
of the Arrlere-corps^ between the pavillion s and centre, 
are seven rusticated arches, and above them three niches 
and four windows placed alternately, all of which are 
crowned with pediments. The balustrade of the pavillions 
is continued over the Arriere-corps. 

The north front is of the same extent and height, but 
being built of mountain-granite, and not so much orna- 
mented, is considerably inferior in point of beauty : be- 
sides the light colour of the Portland stone in the south 
front gives a cheerfulness to its aspect ; the north front, 
perhaps, appears more sombre and majestic, while the 
south exhibits greater taste and elegance. The centre of 
the north front is ornamented by a portico of four columns 
with an entablature, but without a pediment. On the 

* This excellent sculptor was born in the county of Meath, 1746. He was 
intended by his father for the army, in which he himself held the rank of 
Captain ; but having a decided predilection for modelling, was placed under 
Verpoyle. His first public work was, the admirable statue of Dr. Lucas, in 
the Exchange. Besides the sculpture at the Custom House, he executed the 
figures at the Bank of Ireland, Four Courts, King's Inns, and the beautiful 
heads in black stone on the new Castle-Chapel. These, however, he did not 
live to finish, but they have since been completed by his son from his models. 
He died in 1812. He was likewise the sculptor of a beautiful monument in 
St. Anne's Church [See p. 71.] 

t Arriere-corps are the receding parts of an elevation, or those between 
projecting paYil.Jions, &c. 



CUSTOM HOUSE. 175 

entablature, over the columns, are figures representing the 
four quarters of the world, executed in a particularly 
chaste and elegant style, by Thomas Banks, Esq., R.A. 
The windows in the north front are decorated with archi- 
traves of Portland stone, and in the recesses at each end, 
between the columns, are doors leading to the apart- 
ments of the chief Commissioners and other persons who 
reside here. 

The east front is composed of the pavillions of the two 
principal fronts, connected by handsome archways, leading 
to the court-yards within the building, with a central 
building about 90 feet in length ; this centre consists of a 
beautiful rusticated arcade, on the top of which is a balus- 
trade. The arches of this front are at present built up 
to form a temporary dry store. 

The west front is two stories in height, the lower one, 
originally like the centre of the east front, has also been 
built up for convenience of storage, but even its present 
state does not injure the tout ensemble. 

The principal entrances, beneath the porticos on both 
sides, are approached by a flight of steps, and conduct to 
spacious halls. The hall belonging to the south entrance 
is an octagonal vestibule below the cupola, and that at- 
tached to the north entrance is very spacious, and orna- 
mented with columns of Portland stone. 

The grand staircase, which leads to the north side of 
the building, has always been considered a most re- 
markable proof of the ingenuity of the architect who 
conducted the erection of this building, as uniting good 
taste, originality of conception, and grandeur of design. 
A flight of steps, fastened in the wall, conducts on either 
side to a landing-place ; from the centre of which landing*, 
rises the return flight communicating with the landing 
above, and apparently without any support whatever. 
This is done by making the steps rest on each other ia 
arched joints, thus forming a seml-eliptical arch from one 
landing to the other. 

The offices in this building are very numerous and 
commodious, and scarcely an alteration has been made 
since its opening. * The Board-room, in which the two 
Boards of Custom and Excise sit, is in the centre of the 
north front, lighted by three circular-headed windows 



1J6 CUSTOM-HOUSE DOCKS. 

with plate-glass. The Commissioners' Court is also a very 
elegant room, decorated with columns. The only office 
worth the attention of a visitor is the Long-room, which, 
as it measures 70 feet by 65, is nearly a square, although 
it has been always denominated the Long-room. A range 
of Composite columns, 12 feet distant from the wall, sup- 
port an arched ceiling, lighted by two circular lanterns, 
ornamented with stucco-work ; besides which, there are 
Dioelesian windows above the entablature. The space 
between the wall and the columns is enclosed by a range 
of counters, behind which are placed the officers to transact 
business. In this room forfeited goods are sold, and sales 
by inch of candle conducted. The architect of this truly 
magnificent pile was the late James Candon, Esq.* of 
whose professional taste and ability this structure will be 
a lasting memorial, for it is decidedly one of the finest 
pieces of architecture in Europe. The estimate for the 
erection of the Custom House laid before the House of 
Commons, was 163,363/.; but from unavoidable circum- 
stances, it afterwards amounted to 260,000/. 

Custom House Docpis. — To the east of the Custom 
House is a wet dock 400 feet in length by 200 feet in 
breadth, faced with lime-stone, and of "depth sufficient to 
float any vessel that can enter the river. About 12 years 
since, the Spit-tire, a twenty-gun ship, which was driven 
up the river by the severity of the weather, took shelter 
here. This dock, which communicates with the river, and 
is kept of sufficient depth to float large vessels, bv means 
of a sea-lock, was opened in 1/^6, and cost about "80,000/. 
which, added to different items for furnishing the interior, 

* This eminent architect died in 1S21, at Canon-Brook, near Lucan, at the 
age of 89. He studied his profesion under Sir W. Chambers, and was the first 
"who gained a gold medal for architecture at the Royal Academy, Somerset 
Houie. Premiums for a design for the Exchange at Dublin having been offered 
by public advertisement, Mr. Gandou sent in one which obtained the third 
premium, and whose merit procured for him the regard of the Earl of C'harle- 
mont, Colonel Burton Conyngham, and ether patrons and admirers of the 
Fine Arts. Besides the noble edifices with which he adorned this city, any 
single one of which would secure to him a reputation for superior talent in 
his profession, he designed the Court House at Waterford, and that at Notting- 
ham. He also published, in conjunction with Mr. Woolfe, the two Supple- 
mentary Volumes to the Yitravius Britannicus. Mr, Gandon was one of the 
original Members of the RpyaJ Iri a h Academy, and fellow of the Society of 
,'vies; London, 






CUSTOM-HOUSE DOCKS. 177 

makes the total expense of opening the Custom House and 
Dock, &c. above 300,000/. 

A range of stores was carried round this dock, which 
the increase of commerce, during the French war, ren- 
dered it expedient to remove, for the purpose of excavating 
new docks, and building more extensive storage. — The 
first store to the east is for general merchandize, and is 
500 feet in length, by 112 in breadth : to the east of this 
is the new basin, 330 feet by 250, faced with lime- stone, 
and communicating with the river by a sea-lock. A dock 
of still greater dimensions, 650 feet by 300, to the north 
of this, is just now completed. To the east of the new 
basin is the tobacco store (500 feet by 1 60, and capable of 
containing 3,000 hogsheads), the plan of which was 
given by John Rennie, Esq. In this store, which is now 
completed and in use, there is not one particle of wood or 
other combustible matter. There are nine vaults beneath, 
which altogether afford perfect and convenient storage for 
4,500 pipes of wine, allowing a walk behind the heads of 
the pipes as well as between them ; these vaults are lighted 
by means of thick lenses set in iron plates in the floor of 
the tobacco store ; but this is not sufficient to supersede 
the necessity of candle light. The interior of the tobacco 
store is extremely curious and interesting : the roof is 
supported by metal frame-work of an ingenious construc- 
tion, and, at intervals, long lanterns are inserted, the 
sashes of which are also metal y the entire frame-work is 
supported by three rows of cylindrical metal pillars, 26 
in each row ; these rest upon others of granite, which are 
continued through the stone floor into the vaults beneath. 
All the iron-work was manufactured at the Butterley- 
foundry in Derbyshire. — The only inconvenience at pre- 
sent felt in this store, is the excessive heat, which, in 
all probability, can be remedied by a proper system of 
ventilation. 

Immediately adjoining the tobacco store is an extensive 
yard for bonding timber, which is of a*reat advantage to 
the timber merchants ; and at a short distance to the east, 
is an extensive store for whiskey, erected by the Board of 
Excise, consisting of two stories of long arches of brick- 
work, with openings in the top to admit light. 

The management of the imports and exports of Ireland, 



178 THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 

is intrusted to seven Commissioners appointed by his Ma- 
jesty ; and against their decision a right of appeal is open 
to the Lords of the Treasury of the United Kingdom. 
They are denominated the Commissioners of Customs and 
Port duties. 

The Board of Excise holds its meetings in the same 
apartment, and consists of the same number ; the peculiar 
employment of this Board consists in the regulation and 
collection of Inland excise and taxes. 



COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS, 

The Royal Exchange — is situated on Cork-hill, near 
the Castle gate, almost the highest ground in the city, and 
has in front one of the longest avenues in Dublin, com- 
prising Parliament-street, Essex-bridge, Capel-street, Bol- 
toii-sireet, and Dorset-street. At whatever side this 
building is approached, it challenges the architectural 
critic, and pleases the eye of every spectator. The view 
accompanying this article, being taken from the corner of 
Exchange-street, shows -Dame-street, terminated by the 
College. This is the most advantageous view that can be 
obtained, for, owing to the narrowness of the street, not 
above half the building can be seen from Parliament-street. 

In 1769, premiums were offered for the best design, 
when that of Mr. Thomas Cooley, an English architect, 
till then unknown in Dublin, was preferred, and to him 
was accordingly adjudged the first premium of 100 gui- 
neas ; while Mr. Thomas Sandby obtained the second of 
60 guineas ; and Mr. James Gandon was rewarded with 30 
guineas. 

The building of this magnificent structure was not only 
a very great ornament to the. city, but an immediate benefit 
to the neighbourhood, for the site on which it stands was 
occupied by the old Exchange, Lord Cork's house after- 
wards Lucas's coffee-house, and many mean shops, so that 
one of the greatest thoroughfares in the city was both in- 
convenient and dangerous. 

The Earl of Northumberland, then Lord Lieutenant, 
gave considerable assistance to the merchants in raising 






TttE ROYAL EXCHANGE, 175 

funds for purchasing ground and erecting an Exchange. 
Parliament granted f3fltiQL 3 the merchants subscribed 
liberally, and by a successful defence made by Dr. Lucas 
in parliament, in behalf of the merchants of Dublin, a 
large fund was saved and added to the collections for the 
building of the New Exchange, in addition to which, a 
considerable sum was raised by lottery schemes. 

On the 2nd of August, 1 769, the first stone was laid 
by Lord Townsend, Lord Lieutenant, and in ten years 
from that date, the Exchange was opened for the transac- 
tion of business. 

The ediiice is a square of 100 feet, crowned by a dome 
in the centre, and has three fronts, all of Portland stone. 
The north, or principal front, has a portico of six Co- 
rinthian columns (those at the extremities coupled), 
whose entablature is continued along the three fronts, all 
of which are decorated with Corinthian pilasters, with fes- 
toons, &c. between the capitals. The top of the building 
is crowned by a balustrade, except where it is interrupted 
by the pediment on the north side; and above this, the 
summit of the dome is visible, but having no tambour it is 
too low to be distinctly seen. As the situation is on an exceed- 
ingly steep hill, the approaches are somewhat interrupted : 
that to the principal front is at the western end, where 
the terrace is level with the street; but the other end 
of this platform, or. terrace, is blocked up by a high wall, 
surmounted by heavy iron railing of enormous height, 
greatly disfiguring the front of this light and elegant 
structure. 

This was not part of the original design, but in conse- 
quence of the sudden ascent of the ground, the architect 
continued the terrace, which was accessible at the east by 
a long and wide flight of steps, the west end being level 
with the street ; the terrace was protected by a "metal 
balustrade resting on rustic work. On the 24th of April, 
1814, a crowd having assembled on this platform, to 
witness the whipping of a criminal, the balustrade yielded 
to the pressure, and numbers were precipitated into the 
street. The principal sufferers were those who stood 
below, some of whom were killed upon the spot, and many 
dreadfully bruised. A view of the Exchange with the 
original balustrade in front, may be seen in Malton's 



180 THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 

Views of Dublin. Beneath the colonnade are three large 
iron gates suspended on Ionic pilasters ; these lead into a 
flagged hall, where are the entrances to the Exchange-hall. 
Over the gates and between the pillars are windows orna- 
mented by architraves, lighting the coffee-room. On 
either side of the portico are two corresponding windows 
resting upon a rich fluted impost or facia, that serves as a 
cornice to the ground-floor, which is rusticated and un- 
perforated by any aperture, a circumstance that gives a 
peculiar and appropriate character to this structure, while 
it adds greatly to its strength. 

The western elevation does not differ much from that 
on the north, except that the portico has only four columns 
and no pediment -, and that there is only one window on 
each side, in the inter-pilaster adjoining the portico, the 
other being without any aperture whatever. The east 
front, which is in Exchange-court, has only pilasters : on 
this side are the entrances to the vaults of the Exchange, 
which are dry and extensive, and are generally let to 
the Commissioners of Customs, who frequently want 
more storage than the buildings attached to the Custom- 
house afford. 

The ingenuity of Mr. Cooley is no where more con- 
spicuous than in his design of the interior of the Ex- 
change : the ground plan may be perfectly represented by 
the iclea of a circle inscribed in a square, but the beauty 
and elegance of the effect produced, cannot be so readily 
represented by description. 

Twelve fluted columns of the Composite order, 32 feet 
high, form a rotunda in the centre of the building. Above 
their entablature, which is highly enriched, is an attic 10 
feet high, with as many circular windows, answering to 
the inter-columns below, and connected with pendant fes- 
toons of laurel in rich stucco-work, and from this rises an 
elegantly-proportioned dome, ornamented with hexagonal 
caissons. This is deservedly considered a chef-d'oeuvre in 
the art of stucco plastering, and was executed by the late 
Alderman Thorpe of this city. In the centre of the crown 
is a large circular sky-light, which, with the assistance of 
the different windows, judiciously dispersed around the 
hall, affords a profusion of light. 

The inter-columns are open below to the ambulatory en- 



THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 181 

compassing the circular area in the centre of the building". 
Ionic impost pilasters, about half the height of the columns 
to which they are attached, support a fluted frieze and 
enriched cornice, above which, in the upper spaces of 
the inter-columns, are pannels and other ornaments. 
The ambulatory is much lower than the rotunda, being 
covered with a flat ceiling, the height of the impost 
pilasters, with enriched soffits, extended from these 
pilasters to others opposite to them against the wall. 
Between the pilasters are blank arcades with seats. 

Between two of the columns, immediately opposite the 
north or principal entrance, is a statue, in bronze, of his 
late Majesty, George III., standing on a pedestal of white 
marble, dressed in a Roman military habit, and holding a 
truncheon in his right hand. This statue, the workman- 
ship of Van Nost, was a gift of the Earl of Northumber- 
land, Lord Lieutenant (who paid the artist 700 guineas), 
to the merchants of this city, for the Royal Exchange. 
Over the statue of his late Majesty, in one of the pannels 
beneath the entablature, is a handsome clock. Behind 
the four columns, which are opposite the four angles of 
the exterior wall of the building, desks are placed, in the 
small angular recesses formed at the meeting of the tan- 
gents to the circular hall, which are not only convenient 
to the merchants, but contribute to square the exterior 
ambulatory, and preserve an equal breadth the entire 
length of the walk, at every side. 

Both the circular hall and ambulatory are paved with 
square flags, alternately black and white, and gradually 
diminishing in breadth to the centre of the circle. The 
ambulatories are lighted by the doors of the north, east, 
and west sides, which are half glazed. At the eastern 
and western ends of the north front, are handsome oval 
geometrical stair-cases, with ornamented balustrades, 
lighted by lanterns inserted in a coved ceiling, the lanterns 
being the precise diameter of the central well of the stair- 
case. On the stairs, in the north-western angle, is a beau- 
tifully executed statue of Dr. Lucas (a member of parlia- 
ment for the city of Dublin, to whom the merchants of 
this city are much indebted), by Edward Smyth, a 

upil of Van Nost, and erected at the public expense : 

e holds in his right hand a copy of Magna Charta, and 



I 



182 CORN EXCHANGE SlTfLDINGS. 






is dressed in his senatorial robes ; on the pedestal is a 
bas-relief of Liberty, with her wand and cap. Van Nost 
and his pupil were employed by the trustees to execute 
models in wood of the intended figure, which were accord- 
ingly submitted at the appointed time for their inspection ; 
but the model of the master being considered on too large 
a scale, Smyth's was on the point of being chosen, when 
Van Nost begged a postponement of the choice for a short 
period longer. In the interval he cut his model in two, 
and omitted part of the centre, and thus presented it a 
second time for judgment ; but this alteration had so 
cheated every other part of the figure of its fair propor- 
tions, that Smyth's model was immediately chosen, and 
the copy completely justifies the selection of the original. 

This stair-case leads to the Coffee-room, the Court of 
Bankrupt Commissioners, &c. The Coffee-room is im- 
mediately over the entrance on the north, and the other 
apartments are over the ambulatories. 

The ceilings of those stair-cases are richly decorated with 
stucco-work ; and in some of the compartments are casts 
of several figures found in the ruins of Herculaneum, 
which being laid on coloured grounds are distinctly seen. 

The Trustees of the Royal Exchange are, the Lord 
Mayor, High Sheriffs, City Representatives, and City 
Treasurer, all ew officio ; together with fourteen merchants. 
— There are only two officers attached to this establish- 
ment, viz. the Secretary or Registrar, and the Coffee-room 
keeper. 

The increase of mercantile business called for additional 
accommodation for brokers, &e. ; in consequence of 
which, the Commercial Buildings were erected in Dame- 
street, to supply the want of a sufficient number of offices 
in the Exchange ; perhaps, either building is now suffi- 
ciently extensive and commodious for an Exchange. 

Corn Exchange Buildings. — The corn merchants of 
Dublin being much inconvenienced by not having any 
well-situated market to expose their grain for sale, asso- 
ciated for the purpose of providing themselves with one, 
and petitioned for, and obtained a Charter of Incorpora- 
tion, during the government of Earl Whitworth, in 1815, 
under the name of " The Corn Exchange Buildings' 
Company/' Their fund? were at first chiefly derived 



THE COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS* 183 

from subscriptions of 501. each, by the members of the 
association, and leave is given in the Charter to increase 
capital stock to 15 3 000£. : but a general assembly may 
augment stock to double that sum, on certain conditions. 
— The business of the company is managed by a committee 
of 15 directors, who meet in a room in the Corn Ex- 
change Buildings. 

This edifice presents a handsome front of mountain- 
granite to Burgh Quay, consisting of two stories : in the 
lower, which is ornamented with rustic work, are two 
door ways, of an height quite disproportioned to that of 
the building itself, ornamented by pillars of Portland 
stone. The second story is decorated by five large 
windows with architraves, and pediments alternately cir- 
cular and angular; and along the summit is a rich cornice. 
The south front, which is towards Poolbeg-street, is of 
brick. 

The interior is a large hall 130 feet in length, extending 
from Burgh Quay to Poolbeg-street ; the centre of which 
is divided from the ambulatories on either side by a range 
of metal pillars, above which is an entablature continued 
around the centre hall : above this entablature is a range 
of windows which are continued uninterruptedly round, 
so as to form a lantern the size of the quadrangular space 
below. The ceiling of the lantern is ornamented by stucco- 
work, and in the south end of it is placed a clock encir- 
cled by oak leaves, sheaves of corn and implements of 
husbandry, all in stucco-work. 

The hall and ambulatories are furnished with tables 
surrounded by ledge boards, to lay corn samples upon on 
market days ; and from the letting of those tables, and the 
rent of a large room in the front of the building, for 
public dinners and assemblies, the interest of the shares 
is paid. 

The total expense of completing this building is esti- 
mated at 22,0007., and is to be defrayed by a toll of 2,?. 6d. 
per ton on merchandize imported into Dublin. The 
design was not given by any particular person, but was 
composed from different elevations. 

The Commercial Buildings. — The business trans- 
acted in the Exchange being so circumscribed — merely the 
purchase of bills on London, it is opened only on Mon- 



184 THE COMMERCIAL BMLDINGS. 

days, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from three to four in the 
afternoon. A stranger visiting it at any other hour, or on 
any other day would naturally inquire what that noble 
edifice was employed for, or whether there was commer- 
cial business in Dublin to require so splendid an Ex- 
change. However, from some ill-fated regulations, long 
after the opening of the Royal Exchange, on Cork-hill, 
the merchants assembled in vast numbers, in Crampton- 
court, opposite Palace-street, to transact business. 

This system called loudly for reform, and the merchants 
determined, in a spirited manner, to relieve themselves ; 
accordingly a subscription was raised, principally on 50/. 
debentures, amounting to 20,000/. ; besides this, 13,000/. 
was raised as a loan guaranteed by government; and 
5,000/. by the sale of grounds. After this fund was col- 
lected, the site of the old Post-office, and one end of 
Crown-alley, were purchased by the trustees to erect the 
Commercial Buildings, the first stone of which was laid 
July 29th, 1796 ; and the building was finished, after a 
design of Mr. Parks, in 1799. 

The front of this building, which is on the north side 
of College Green, in the centre of an extremely elegant 
row of lofty houses, is of mountain-granite, three stories 
liigh. A rusticated basement, in which is the door-way, 
with Ionic pillars, and six large circular-headed windows, 
supports two stories, with windows ornamented by archi- 
traves - 9 those of the first floor are crowned by pediments, 
alternately circular and angular, and the summit of the 
front is finished by a handsome stone cornice. 

The hall, which is very spacious and lofty, is peculiarly 
appropriate to the objects of this building ; on the right- 
hand side is an Assurance and Notary-Public's Office, and 
on the opposite the Coffee-room, a noble room 60 feet by 
32, well supplied with domestic and foreign papers, tables 
of imports and exports, and every species of mercantile 
advertisement : indeed, the convenience and advantage of 
this apartment has caused a total desertion of the Ex- 
change coffee-room. Notwithstanding its great length, it 
is well lighted, having three large windows at either end. 

The middle story contains several elegant apartments : 
one in the front of the building is a private subscription- 
room j behind which, is a large room used for a Stock 



SAVINGS' BANK- 185 

Exchange, where business is transacted every day between 
three and four o'clock in the afternoon. The remaining 
part of this story and all the upper one are appropriated 
as an hotel, for the accommodation of foreign merchants, 
or indeed of any respectable persons who prefer this part 
of the town for a temporary residence. 

Behind this building is a handsome square, containing 
the offices of the Marine and Commercial Insurance, with 
those of many brokers ; here also, in fine weather, the 
merchants assemble to buy, sell, and exhibit samples. 
On the north side of this square is a door-way commu- 
nicating with Cope-street, and affording a thoroughfare 
from Dame-street to the back streets near the river. 

Chamber of Commerce. — About thirty years since, a 
Chamber of Commerce was first established* in this city, 
whose principal object was to protect its commercial in- 
terests 5 but after an existence of several years, it discon- 
tinued its meetings. 

On November 16th, 1820, a general meeting of mer- 
chants was held in the Commercial Buildings for the pur- 
pose of forming themselves into an association to be 
called <s The Chamber of Commerce of the City of Dublin."' 
—The professed objects of this association are the protec- 
tion and promotion of the manufacturing and commercial 
interests of the city in particular, .and of the kingdom in 
general. — Members are admitted by ballot. 

An annual general assembly is held on the first Tuesday 
of December for electing officers ; the principal of which 
are a president, four vice-presidents and a council of 
twenty-four. These representatives, whenever it may be 
required, are to hold intercourse with the officers of the 
Crown, in the name and on the behalf of the chamber. 
The office is in the Commercial Buildings. 

Savings' Bank. — At St. Peter's Parish Savings' Bank, 
which was established Feb. 16th, 18 IS, deposits are re- 
ceived, of not less than ten pence, and accumulate with 
compound interest ; but no computation of interest is 
made upon any sum less than 12s. 6d., after which amount, 
the deposits bear 4 per cent per ann. The Saving's Bank 
debentures bear 41. lis. 3d. per cent, but the lis. 3d. goes 
to pay the expenses of, the institution ; there are various 
regulations in the act unnecessary to mention here : it u 
r3 



186 THfc ETNEft ANtf YAM HALL. 

sufficient to shew the general principles, and also the great 
utility of the establishment. In the space of two years 
and a half there has been received from depositors the 
sum of 45,000/., and, after repayments, there remained 
(June 28th, 1821), the sum of 23,000/. A depositor can 
draw his money, by giving one week's notice. The bank 
is kept at No. 46, Cuffe-street, and is open every Monday, 
from three to five o'clock. The deposits are daily increas- 
ing, and on the 25th June, 1821, 1,138/. was received in 
the short space of two hours. The bank is governed by a 
president (the Lord Chancellor), eight vice-presidents, 
twelve trustees, and a managing committee of fifty-two 
gentlemen ; and the business is transacted by two of the 
members of the managing committee, and the treasurer. 

Gas Light Company. — In 1820, an act was passed for 
lighting the city with Gas, and twenty-nine commissioners, 
or proprietors (at the head of whom is his Grace the 
Duke of Leinster) were appointed, who have permission 
to conduct the lighting of the city, under certain re- 
strictions. It is in the first place required that 50,000/. 
shall be subscribed, before the act be executed, and in 
case that sum be insufficient, a further sum of 12,500/. 
may be raised. It is further strictly enjoined that the 
gasometer be erected in a suitable place, and the refuse 
not permitted to run into the river Liffey. The pro- 
visions of the act enable the commissioners to procure 
a supply of gas, for illuminating the streets and squares, 
at a reasonable charge, whenever they require it. As 
soon as the sum of ten-thousand pounds shall be accu- 
mulated, by savings set apart at the rate of five per cent 
per ann. arising from the profits, a dividend shall be made 
of the profits and not before. 

The affairs of the company are conducted by a go- 
vernor, deputy governor, five directors, a treasurer and 
clerk. The office is situated in Foster-place, College- 
green. 

There is a second called the " Hibernian Gas Light 
Company," whose office is in Palace-street. These two 
Companies have agreed to divide the lighting of the city, the 
one to light the North the other the South side. There is 
also an Oil Gas Company established in Dublin. 

Ths Linen and Yarn Hall— was erected in 1728, 



STOVfc TENT Eft-HOtJSE. 187 

The building occupies a space of ground of nearly 
three acres, and contains 557 apartments ; 492 of which 
are appropriated to the storage of linens, and the remainder 
for yarn. These apartments are kept in order by the 
Linen Board, from the funds intrusted to their care by 
parliament, for the use of the trade ; and dealers in the 
country forward their linens to this building as suits their 
convenience. At first three markets were held in the year, 
namely, in February, June, and October ; but, since the 
increase of the trade, and the great facility afforded in 
travelling, the English buyers resort hither at various 
other periods. Here may be purchased linen of every 
description, from the finest damask, to the coarsest 
fabricks ; thus furnishing a great and constant mart. The 
Yarn Hall is the great depot for the sale of this article 
from various counties, which, in consequence of the re- 
gulations established by the board, has become of vast 
importance. All these concerns are under the care of a 
Chamberlain, whose duty it is to superintend them, and 
report when any vacancy occurs in any of the rooms 
(which are granted by the board during pleasure to the 
different factors), and to check any impropriety on the 
part of the servants of the establishment. Regular gate- 
keepers and watchmen are attached to the hall, and a fire- 
engine with a suitable establishment 5 and the greatest 
care is observed to prevent any accident either by fire or 
stealth. An account is kept of all Linen and Yarn coming 
in and going out of the building, and the greatest regu- 
larity observed in every department. This valuable mart 
of our great staple manufacture is well worthy of inspec- 
tion. 

Stove Tenter-House. — What one great and good man 
can effect, towards ameliorating the condition of his fellow 
creatures, is strikingly proved by the following sketch of 
the Stove Tenter-house, in Brown-street, erected by 
Thomas Pleasants, Esq. in 1815, for 12,964/. In the 
space of twelve months 1018 pieces of cloth were tentered, 
1588 chains or warps were sized and dried, and 1450 stones 
of wool were dyed, beneath the shelter of this truly cha- 
ritable asylum. 

Before the erection of this building, the poor weavers 
in the liberty were wholly destitute of employment in 



18S STOVE TENTER-HOU6B, 



I 



rainy weather, or else endeavoured to tenter their cloths 
before the ale-house fire ; and hence exposed to great dis- 
tress, and not unfrequently reduced either to the hospital 
or the gaol. 

After the building of the Tenter-house, during the 
season of extreme and general distress, in 1816, not one 
woollen weaver was found imploring relief, or within the 
walls of a prison ; need we wonder then at the extravagant 
blessings and prayers bestowed by thirty thousand persons 
on one of the noblest characters, in point of pure bene- 
licence and patriotism, that ever adorned this country. 
The stranger will learn with gladness, that Mr. Pleasants 
lived to witness the matured success of this truly-bene- 
volent design. 

The bmlding, which is situated between Cork and 
Brown streets, a little to the east of the Fever Hospital, 
is a brick edifice 2/5 feet in length, and three stories high. 
In the centre is a cupola and spire, and at either extremity 
a pavilion, in the pediment of which are the weavers' 
arms. The lowest story contains the stoves by which the 
horizontal flues, the length of the whole building, are 
heated : the upper ones contain the tenter frames, which 
are capable of being expanded or contracted, so as to 
stretch the cloth to any degree of tension. The heat 
ascends without interruption to the very roof, the floors of 
the upper stories being composed of bars of hammered 
iron, placed parallel, and at intervals from each other, and 
the cloth is conveyed away upon a small dray, running on 
the parallel bars as on a rail-way. 

For every piece of cloth dried in the winter months the 
charge is 3s. Ad. -, and for other articles, prices in propor- 
tion ; in summer, when fire is not required, it is less. 

On the front lawn is a spa, rising at a depth of 40 feet 
from the surface, through a bituminous lime-stone which 
abounds in this part of the city ; it has been analyzed by 
Dr. Barker, Professor of Chemistry in the University, 
and recommended in cutaneous and bilious complaints. 



189 



HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL RESTITUTIONS. 

Royal Hospital, Kilmainham. — Before the year 606 
there was a priory, on the south side of the city, not far 
from the Liffey, called the Priory of Kilmaignend, from 
St. Magnend, whose festival was observed the 18th De- 
cember. Within the cemetery of this priory, in a place 
now called the Hospital Fields, a lofty stone pillar of rude 
workmanship is pointed out as the burying-place of Brian 
Boromhe, King of Ireland, and Murchad his son, who 
fell in the battle of Clontarf in 1014 $ but this is quite 
erroneous, for the bodies of Brian and his son were borne 
from the field of battle to the monastery of St. Columba 
at Swords, seven miles north of Dublin, and were there 
laid in state, until Mselmurry Mac Eoch, Primate of 
Armagh, arrived with the sacred reliques, and removed 
them to his Cathedral, where they were solemnly interred 
in stone coffins, according to the request of Brian him- 
self. The pillar which is shown, is the remains of an 
ancient cross. 

On the site of Kilmaignend was erected the ancient 
priory of Kilmainham, established in 1174, by Richard 
Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, for Knights Templars, 
under the invocation of St. John the Baptist ; and a con- 
firmation was granted by Henry II., the same year. 
After bestowing the lands of Kilmainham on this priory, 
Strongbow expired in 1176, and was interred in Christ 
Church. 

The first prior was Hugh de Cloghall, who held that 
office about 1190, after whose government King John 
granted to the City of Dublin, that " the Knights Tem- 
plars, or Hospitallers, should hold neither person or 
messuage exempt from the common customs of the city, 
one alone excepted." 

Edward II. having sent a mandate, the Templars were 
seized upon in 1307, on the day of the Purification, in 
every part of the kingdom, and confined in the Castle of 
Dublin. The institution of the order of Knights Tem- 
plars was peculiarly calculated to suit the romantic and 
chivalrous age in which it arose, viz, about 1118, and so 



190 ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 

powerful was its influence, that, during the 200 years 
which this order existed, it had actually acquired 1(S,000 
lordships. Their conduct, however, afforded ample 
grounds to the avaricious and designing Philip of France, 
to impeach their reputation ; and upon charges of sorcery, 
idolatry, and other dreadful crimes, to confiscate their 
estates and imprison their persons. Edward II. followed 
this example j and after a solemn trial held in Dnblin, 
before Friar Richard Balybyn, Minister of the order of 
Dominicans, the Templars Were condemned, but more 
in conformity with the general feeling of the rest of 
Europe, than from any evidence of their infamy. 

The lands and possessions of this priory were then 
bestowed upon the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem by 
the Pope, and the grant confirmed by the King ; and it 
became an hospital for guests and strangers, to the com- 
plete exclusion of the infirm and sick, who had been 
always received by the Knights Templars. The priory 
was henceforth held by persons of great rank, and many 
priors were also chancellors and Lords Deputy of Ireland, 
and every prior sat as a Baron in the House of Lords. 

James Keating, prior in 1482, having seized on the 
Castle of Dublin, and disposed of the property of the 
hospital, was removed from his office, and excommu- 
nicated. But Keating seized on Marmaduke Lomley, the 
person appointed to succeed him, and compelled him to 
resign. He next lent his warmest support to the scheme 
of raising Lambert Simnell to the throne of England. It 
was then enacted that the prior of Kilmainham should 
henceforth be a person of English descent \ and John 
Rawson, an Englishman, was elected prior, some years 
after Keating' s excommunication* In 1535, Rawson, with 
the consent of the chapter, surrendered the priory and all 
its possessions to the King, for which he was created Vis- 
count Clontarf, with a salary of 500 marks. 

Archbishop Brown, obtained a licence from Henry VIII. 
March 8th, 1545, the year before that monarch's death, 
to unite the church of St. John the Baptist, at Kilmain- 
ham, and that of St. James without the suburbs, to the 
church of St. Catharine within the suburbs. But Cardinal 
Pole, the Pope's legate, restored the prior of Kilmainham 
to his authority about twelve years afterwards ; and March 



ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMA1NHAM. 191 

8th, 1557, Mary confirmed him in his possessions, and re- 
granted the priory to Sir Oswald Massingberd, who held 
the office until the second year of Queen Elizabeth, when it 
was annexed to the crown, and continued so until the reign 
of Charles II. The property of the priory was gradually 
disposed of to private persons, for pecuniary consideration, 
and to the cathedral and churches gratuitously. 

About 1675, Arthur, Earl of Granard, first entertained 
the idea of instituting an asylum for invalid superannuated 
soldiers ; and Arthur Capei, Earl of Essex, then Lord 
Lieutenant, w r as so much struck with the nobleness of 
the plan, that he directed a proper site to be forthwith 
selected ; nothing further, however, was done during 
his government. Afterwards owing to the incessant ap- 
plication of the Duke of Ormond, on the same sub- 
ject, Charles IL was induced to grant his request. A 
committee was appointed (Oct. 27th, 1679,) to make an 
estimate of the number of invalids requiring accommoda- 
tion, and to inspect the ground within the park wail, on 
the south of the river. 

The first stone of the edifice was laid by his Grace, 
April 29th, 1680 ; and the second by Francis Earl of Long- 
ford, Master-general of the Ordnance, ft was built after 
a design of Sir Christopher Wren, and was completed in 
less than three years, for 23,559/.* 

In 168S, Richard Talbot, Earl of Tyrconnel, represented 
to James II. that the charter was defective j and Lord 
Chancellor Fitton declared, that the tenure of the hospital 
and lands, " to be held for ever in Frank Almoigne," was 
illegal,5whereupon they supplicated his majesty to withdraw 
the charter. Lord Tyrconnel then became absolute master, 
admitted Roman Catholics to the benefits of the hospital, 
and had the service of the church of Rome celebrated in the 
hospital chapel. The charter, however, was preserved by 
Robert Curtis, Esq. Registrar, who escaped with it into 
England, and detained it in his custody, until he sur- 
rendered it to Charles Fielding the Master, some time after 
James's abdication. 

The building, which is now most commonly called the 
Old Man's Hospital, is a pile 306 feet by 288, having m 

* An abstract of tha charter may be teen in Harris. 



92 ROYAL HOSPITAL KILMAINHAM. 

its interior a handsome court-yard, 210 feet square, with 
grass plats, intersected by four walks meeting in the 
centre ; this is surrounded on three sides and part of the 
fourth by a piazza (13 feet wide) formed by 59 Doric 
arches, and affording a covered passage to the dink) g-h all, 
in the centre of the north front. This hall, which is ] 00 
feet by 50, has the lower half of its walls wainseotted with 
oak, andpainted white. The guns, swords, &c. are arranged 
as in an armoury, and on the upper part of the wails are 
twenty-two full-length portraits.* 

A gallery leading from the apartments of the commander 
of the forces (who resides as governor), to the chapel, runs 
along the south side of the hall, supported by brackets of 
carved oak, representing different figures, as large as life. 
The ceiling is in a very massive and heavy style, divided 
into three compartments, the centre one of which is occu- 
pied by the dial of a clock, about 10 feet in diameter. 

At the east end is a large door-way opening into the 
chapel, which is 80 feet by 40. The appearance of the 
chapel is extremely imposing and venerable 5 the' large 
east window is ornamented with painted glass, and beneath 
is the communion-table of carved Irish oak, beautifully 
executed. The ceiling is coved, and divided into com- 
partments of, perhaps, the richest stucco-work in the king- 
dom. The governor's seat is beiTeath a canopy in the 
gallery, at the west end of the chapel ; and there are a few 
pews at either side, for the accommodation of the different 
officers of the hospital. 

The remaining part of the north side of the quadrangle 
is occupied by the commander of the forces, and usually 

* At the west end, next the gallery. 1. Charles II. — 2. William III. — 3. Queen 
Mary. — 4. Queen Anne. — 5. George, Prince of Denmark.— 6. Lionel, Duke of 
Dorset, Lord Lt. 1734. On the north side, 7. William, Duke of Devonshire, 
Lord Lt. 1737. — 8. James, Duke of Ormond, LordLt. 1662. — 9. Thomas Earl 
of Ossory, Lord Deputy, 1664. — 10. Richard, Earl of Arran, Lord Deputy, 1684. 
— 11. Michael Boyle, Lord Primate, a Lord Justice, 1685. — 12. Thomas Lord 
Coningsby, Lord Justice, a 1690. — 13. Sir Cyril Wyche, a Lord Justice, 1693 
— 14. Sir Charles Porter, Lord Chancellor, a Lord Justice, 1696. — 15. Henry, 
Earl of Galway, a Lord Justice, 1 697. — 16. Narcissus Marsh, Lord Primate, a 

Lord Justice, 1699.— 17. Charles, Earl of Berkeley, a Lord Justice, 1699 

18. Laurence, Earl of Rochester, Lord Lieut. 1701 — 19. General Thomas Erie, 
a Lord Justice, 1702. At the east end, 20. Thomas Knightly, Esq., a Lord 
Justice, 1702. — 21. Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor, a Lord Justice, 1704,— 
22. Lieutenant-General Frederick, Hamilton, a Lord Justice, 1718. 



ROYAL HOSPITAL, KILMAINHAM. 193 

called the Governor's house. These apartments are beau- 
tifully situated, commanding a view of an extensive and 
highly-cultivated valley, watered by the Liffey, and of the 
grounds of Phoenix park, with the Wellington Testimonial, 
the Royal Infirmary, and Sarah Bridge. 

The north front, which contains the governor's apart- 
ments, hall, and chapel, has a projecting centre, decorated 
with four Corinthian pilasters and a pediment. In this is a 
door-way, likewise adorned with pilasters and a semi-cir- 
cular pediment, and above it are the arms of the Duke of 
Ormondj on either side is one large arched window. From 
this centre rises the steeple, the lower story of which is a 
square tower with an arched window on each side, crowned 
with a heavy entablature, and an urn at each angle. The 
second division is of less diameter and height, and contains 
a clock ; the whole terminates in a short spire, with a ball 
and vane. 

The front, on each side of the centre, has large 'cir- 
cular-headed windows nearly the height of the building, 
and in the roof, which is greatly elevated, are dormers. 

There are upwards of 260 pensioners, who are comfort- 
ably clad and fed, and have each one pound of bread and two 
quarts of beer every day, with eighteen ounces of mutton 
twice a week, and the same quantity of beef on three days, 
with an allowance of cheese on the other days. Sir David 
Baird, when commander of the forces, restored the costume 
worn by the pensioners in the reign of Charles II. 

At convenient distances round the hospital are different 
offices, viz. the deputy governor's house, the infirmary, 
&c. Besides the resident pensioners of this asylum, there 
are upwards of 3,000 out-door pensioners supported by his 
Majesty's bounty. At the institution of the hospital, its 
expenses were defrayed by a deduction from the pay of the 
soldiers and officers on actual service, but this has wisely 
been discontinued. The annual expenditure for the sup- 
port of the establishment, is under 20,000/., and that of 
the easterns amounts to about 50,000/. 

The approach was formerly through the most disagree- 
able and filthy part of the town, but this is remedied by a 
road through the hospital grounds and Lord Galway's 
walk, and is now a pleasant drive on the banks of the Liffey, 
called the Military road : the entrance is through an em- 



194 BLUE-COAT BOYS* HOSPITAL. 

battled gateway on Usher's Island, after a design of 
Francis Johnston, Esq., an architect to whom Dublin is 
indebted for many of its recent structures and embellish- 
ments. 

The principal officers of state are appointed governors 
by charter. "The Master, Deputy Master, Chaplain, Sur- 
geon, Registrar, &c. reside at the Hospital. 

Blue-coatBoys' Hospital, Blackhall-Street. — The 
noblest charitable institution in Dublin is the Old Blue-Coat 
Hospital (originally in Queen-street), established at the 
expense of the corporation of Dublin, to whom Charles II. 
granted a charter for that purpose in 1670. The original 
plan was of a most extensive, and, indeed, impracticable 
nature, its object being to give shelter to all the poor of 
the city; but this extravagant project was relinquished for 
one more rational and feasible, namely, to educate and 
maintain the sons of freemen who had been unsuccessful 
in trade. The building, although of mean appearance in 
front, covered a considerable space, and previously to the 
erection of the Parliament-house in 1729, the Parliament 
sat in thishopital. 

The present edifice, the foundation stone of which was 
laid in 1773, by Earl Harcourt, then Lord Lieutenant, 
stands opposite the extremity of Blackhall-street, on Ox- 
mantown* Green. The architect was Thomas Ivory, 
who also built Lord Newcomen's Bank in Castle-street. 
The front, consisting of a centre and wings, is of Portland 
stone : it extends 300 feet, and faces a handsome court 
enclosed with iron railing on a dwarf wall. The body of 
the building, which is 90 feet long by 45 in height, consists 
of a rusticated basement, principal floor, and mezzanine ; 
the central division is decorated with four Ionic columns, 
supporting a pediment. The entablature of the order is 
continued along the front, which has two windows, and 
two mezzanines above, on either side of the centre. Above 
the latter a tower was to have been erected, but for want 
of funds this has never been executed, although the octa- 
gonal basement has been actually commenced. 

This part of the building is appropriated solely to the 
use of the resident officers of the establishment, such as 
Chaplain, Registrar, Master, &c, with the exception of a 
* A corruption of ©stman, or Eastman, town. 






BLUE-COAT BOYS' HOSPITAL. 195 

Record and a Board Room, the latter of which is an ex- 
tremely elegant apartment. Here may be seen a drawing 
of the elevation as it was designed by the architect ; from 
which there is an excellent engraving in Malton's Views, 
and one in those published by^Pooleand Cash in 1/80. 

The wings are connected to the body by two curved 
screen walls, ornamented with niches, and surmounted by 
a stone balustrade; behind these screens the different 
buildings, which are only plastered, are exposed to view, 
as well as the sides of the chapel and school-room, 
which considerably diminishes the merit of this very elegant 
design. 

The wings have a projecting break in the middle, crowned 
with a pediment, and a large arched window placed within 
an arcade ; on either side of this projection is a niche with 
a festoon above. There are no windows in the basement, 
but beneath the great window is a large pannel. In the 
north wing is the chapel, 65 feet by 32, plain but well- 
proportioned : the altar-piece, executed by Waldrb, repre- 
sents the Resurrection. In the opposite wing is the school- 
room, where are portraits of George II. and his Queen, 
William and Mary, and some others, which were removed 
hither from the Tholsel, when that building was taken 
down. There are several buildings at the rear, viz. dormi- 
tories, dining-hall, and Infirmary, also a large bowling- 
green, where the boys exercise. Upwards of 20,000/. has 
already been expended, and certainly not less tlian 10,000/. 
more would be requisite to finish the building according 
to the original design. 

The number of boys is between 1 50 and 200, the age for 
whose admission is from 8 to 12. At present the funds 
are incapable of supporting more than 110. 

Besides the sons of freemen, who are presented to the 
hospital by the corporation, there are seven presented by 
the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench. 

There are 50 supported on the establishment by the go- 
vernors of Sir Erasmus Smith's charitable fund. 

Henry Osborn, of Dardistown, in the county of Meath, 
Esq. bequeathed ] ,000/. to this hospital, on condition that 
the Lord Bishop of Meath, as trustee to his will, should have 
the right of presentation to ten vacancies in the hospital ; 
and James Southwell, Esq. bequeathed a sum of 450/. for 



196 MAniNE school; 

the support of two boys, the vacancies to be filled by order 
of the Rector of St. Werburgh's parish. 

The revenues of the hospital, which arise from various 
sources, amount to about 4,000/. per annum ; part of 
which is derived from landed property in Tipperary, Wex- 
ford, and Dublin; 250/. per annum from the corporation of 
Dublin, in lieu of a toll on corn ; and about 300 guineas 
per annum paid by the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs on being- 
elected; together with the emoluments of thetreasurership, 
228/. per annum, which Lord Downes (the present Chief 
Justice) so charitably resigned for the benefit of the hos- 
pital. The guild of merchants subscribe 20/. per annum 
for the support of a mathematical master, to instruct 10 
boys destined for a sea- faring life ; and when the boys are 
sufficiently educated and arrived at a proper age, they are 
apprenticed to persons in respectable trades, with an ac- 
companying fee of 5/., w 7 hich is very frequently returned to 
the charity. 

The manner in which this charity has been conducted 
for a number of years, affords a strong presumption in 
favour of the system of governing by a number of respect- 
able persons, not deriving pecuniary advantage from their 
directorships ; for there is not an establishment in this 
metropolis governed with more prudence, more economy, 
or upon more liberal and independent principles. 

Marine School. — This humane and useful institution, 
which is situated on Sir John Rogerson's quay, on the 
north side of the Liffey, owes its origin to the united efforts 
of David Latouche, and several other gentlemen, who com- 
miserating the destitute situation of those orphans whose 
parents devoted the most valuable years of their existence 
to the preservation of their country in the w r ar of 1760, 
established an asylum at Ringsend for the purpose of 
clothing, boarding*, and educating the orphans and sons of 
seafaring men. Into this establishment, about twenty de- 
serving objects were admitted to the enjoyment of these 
advantages, about the year 1766, and the only fund for its 
support was derived from charitable contributions. But 
so useful an institution could not long'remain unnoticed by 
a judicious government, and on June 20th 1775, the Royal 
Marine School obtained a charter, appointing the Lord 
Lieutenant, the Primate, the Lord Chancellor, the mem- 



COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS, 197 

bers for the city, the Lord Mayor, the senior master of 
the Guild of Merchants, and the Archdeacon of Dublin, 
all for the time being, governors of this charity, with 
whom the original founders were by act incorporated. The 
objects of this institution are not only to support these 
children, but to instruct them carefully in reading, writ- 
ing, arithmetic, navigation, and the sacred writings, and 
afterwards apprentice them to masters of vessels, to whom 
they are a great acquisition. 

The establishment is conducted in a most creditable and 
economical manner by the present master, Mr. Baker, 
whose sagacity readily detected the difficulty of providing 
for boys so instructed, after the cessation" of hostilities 
and the decay of trade. He has accordingly introduced 
shoe-making, tailoring, &c. as a part of their education 3 
thus reducing the expense of their clothing to less than 
half its former amount, and also providing for their future 
subsistence, when their apprenticeships shall have expir- 
ed, and their services, perhaps, be no longer required. 
There are one hundred and eighty boys on the establish- 
ment. 

The building, which is after a design of Thomas Ivory, 
Esq., presents a front of granite-stone, to the quays, hav- 
ing a court-yard before it enclosed by a wall ten feet high ; 
and there are wings on either side, one of which is the 
chapel and the other the school-room. The upper part of 
the house is used as a dormitory, and the lower stories give 
accommodation to the master, and housekeeper. The 
only room in the establishment, quite unfit for the pur- 
pose to which it is applied, is the dining-hall, which is in 
the underground story, and is low, dark, and damp, and 
only requires to be visited by those in whose power it is to 
remedy the evil, to prove its total inadequacy and unfitness. 
The infirmary is also injudiciously situated, occupying a 
room in the centre of the building, and some years since, 
when the establishment was not conducted with the care 
and ability which marks every part of its present arrange- 
ments, the governors were obliged to rent a lodging, at 
some distance from Dublin, as an infirmary. 

College op Physicians, Sir Patrick Dun's Hos- 
pital.^-TWs body was first incorporated in the reign of 
Charles II., but th,e charter then granted having been 
6 3 



198 COLLEGE OP 'PHYSICIANS, 

found insufficient for the purposes for which it was de- 
signed, was surrendered in 1692, and anew one obtained 
from William and Mary, incorporating it by the name of 
the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland. 

There are 14 fellows, one of whom is president ; the 
other officers are a vice-president, four censors, a treasurer, 
and a registrar. The ofiice of president circulates amongst 
the senior fellows of the body ; the vice president is one of the 
censors, and the junior censor is usually the registrar. The 
censors are chosen indiscriminately from the fellows at 
large, but the four junior ones are commonly appointed. 
The treasurer is likewise elected from the body of the fel- 
lows. Their charter conferred on this body considerable 
powers, but as it was not confirmed by Act of Parliament, 
they have not been exercised . Several acts have however been 
passed by Parliament, which confirm parts of the charter, 
and even confer new powers. The censors are now author- 
ised by law to search the shops and warehouses of apothe- 
caries, druggists, and chemists, and to destroy any articles 
of medicine which are of a bad description. A principal 
share in the conduct of the School of Physic in Ireland is 
also, by Act of Parliament, imposed on the College of 
Physicians, and they still possess the power of summoning 
all practitioners of medicine before them in order to be ex- 
amined. 

The objects for which this body is designed are nearly 
the same as those of the College of Physicians in London, 
except that the Dublin College has a considerable share in 
the management of the medical school in Ireland [see 
School of Physic] ; whereas there is no regular school in 
London. The constitutions of both Colleges resemble each 
other, as no physician can be a fellow of either who has 
not received a regular education, and passed through one 
of the Universities, Oxford, Cambridge, or Dublin. There 
are three classes of members : — 1st, Fellows, on whom the 
entire management of the College depends ; 2nd, Hono- 
rary Fellows, who cannot take apart in the financial affairs 
of the College, but may be summoned to meetings on ex- 
traordinary occasions, and vote on affairs of general con- 
cern 3 and 3rd, Licentiates, who have nothing what- 
ever to do with the management of the College, but 
may yet also be summoned on occasions of importance. 



COLLEGE 6P miCLbom 199 

The number of fellows is not limited by the Act to 14, 
whence, in case of ill heath, absence from town, or other 
cause preventing the attendance of any fellow, there are, 
generally, two- or three introduced above the number, so 
as always to have a full board. Almost all physicians 
who intend practising in Dublin find it necessary to take 
licences from the college, for from the internal regulations 
adopted by the members, it would be impossible to attain 
respectability in the profession without a licence from the 
College. The candidate for licence is examined during 
two days, on the first in anatomy, physiology, materia 
medica, pharmacy, chemistry and botany ; on the second 
in all these branches, and on acute and chronic diseases 
and non-naturals, and in Greek. 

The meetings are held at Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, in 
a board-room, which the College have reserved for their 
use ; adjoining which is a very valuable library, consisting 
chiefly of old writers on medicine : no addition has been 
lately made to this since the Act of Parliament appropriated 
the surplus of the funds of the estates of Sir P. Dun to 
the erection of an hospital for the use of the School of 
Physic, and, until the execution of that object, it forbade 
the expenditure of any part of that revenue on the library : 
but the hospital being now completed, it is expected that 
the library affairs will be taken, as speedily as possible, into 
consideration. 

The officers consist of a president, four censors, and nine 
fellows. 

The members of this College are the trustees of the 
estates bequeathed by Sir Patrick Dun, for the purpose 
of promoting medical education $ they have the power of 
disposing of the lands, and are constituted, by Act of Par- 
liament, Guardians of the School of Physic in Ireland. 

College of Surgeons. — Though Ireland has always 
been distinguished for producing skilful surgeons, there 
was no regular system of education established there until 
1 784, when a charter was granted for the foundation of a 
College, which held its first meeting March 2nd, in that 
year; from which period the practice of surgery has im- 
proved in a manner creditable to the most enlightened 
nation. Candidates are first examined in classics -, they 
are then required to serve an apprenticeship of five years 



200 COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 

to a senior practitioner ; during which period they attend 
hospitals daily, and surgical lectures, both in the College 
and privately. No licence is granted without a most strict 
examination by a Court of Examiners, who frequently 
reject such as are capable, without additional preparation, 
of obtaining a licence in London, thereby demonstrating, 
the comparative scrupulousness of the Dublin College in 
granting licences. 

It is not necessary for army or navy surgeons either to 
serve the apprenticeship or undergo so serious an examina- 
tion ; as they can obtain a certificate of qualification with 
considerably less trouble. The licentiate who happens to 
be rejected, may appeal to a court of twelve examiners, 
who sometimes reverse the former decree. There are six 
professors who give lectures, and are paid by the tickets 
they dispose of to the pupils. The professorships are — 1 . 
Anatomy and Physiology ; 2. Theory and Practice of Sur- 
gery; 3. Practice of Physic; 4. Surgical Pharmacy; 5. 
Midwifery, and the Diseases of Women and Children ; 
and 6. Botany. The annual courses of lectures com- 
mence on the last Monday in October, and all (except 
botany) terminate the first week in May. The botanical 
course commences in April, and continues during sum- 
mer. 

The lecture-room can accommodate 300 persons, and 
to this there is attached a gallery, for the public to wit- 
ness the dissection of malefactors. There are, besides, 
two museums (one public, the other private), a dissecting- 
room on a very extensive scale, and drying lofts for mak- 
ing preparations; the public dissecting-room contains 
twenty tables, at each of which two students may be em- 
ployed. The demonstration-room is capable of containing 
about 100 persons. 

The former College was situated in the midst of a 
wretched assemblage of small buildings at the junction of 
Mercer-street with Johnson's Place, and adjoining Mer- 
cer's Hospital ; but this becoming too small for the num- 
ber of students, the present building was erected at an 
expense of 25,000/. granted by parliament for that pur- 
pose, on a piece of ground in Stephen's Green, at the 
corner of York-street, formerly a burial-ground of the Qua- 
kers. The first stone was laid 17tU March, 1806 bv John, 



ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS. 201 

Duke of Bedford, Lord Lieutenant. It is a small neat 
edifice, the front of which, facing the Green, measures 45 
feet; and it consists of two stories. The basement is 
built of mountain-granite ; the facade, which is of the 
Doric order, .is of Portland-stonel In the hall, which 
would be grand, but that it wants height, is abust of his ma- 
jesty George IV, 3 the stair-case, and the apartments already 
mentioned are executed in a plain, neat, and becoming 
manner. The library, which is on the ground floor, is an 
excellent room, about 50 feet by 20, and contains a good 
collection of surgical works, which every licentiate is per- 
mitted to read. Over the library is an excellent collection 
of preparations, which, although the museum is in its 
infancy, are highly deserving the attention of the student 
in surgery. 

At one end of the museum near the door, are two busts 
of statuary marble, the workmanship of John Smith, the 
one of Mr. Stewart, late surgeon-general, and the other, 
that of surgeon Deane, a distinguished and early member 
of the College of Surgeons. 

The board, or committee room, is a spacious apartment, 
with a handsome stuccoed ceiling, lighted by three large cir- 
cular-headed windows ; at one end is a full-length portrait 
of Dr. Renny, and at the other that of James" Henthorn, 
Esq. thirty years secretary to the College. There are many 
other small and convenient apartments appropriated to 
the use of the registrar, housekeeper, &c. 

Association of Members of the College of Phy- 
sicians in Ireland, College-Green. — This Society was 
instituted in 1816, for the purpose of encouraging an inti- 
mate union amongst the members of the College of Physi- 
cians, and for the general purposes of advancing medical 
science. The members of the College consisting of three dif- 
ferent classes, fellows, honorary fellows, and licentiates, it 
was thought desirable that the individuals composing these 
several classes should form themselves into a society open 
to all members. The Association consisted, at first, of 
but one class of members, viz. those who belonged to 
the College of Physicians in Ireland, but it was subse- 
quently determined to institute a class of corresponding 
members : this class contains the names of some of the 
most celebrated medical men on the continent, as well as 



202 SCHOOL OF PHYSIC. 

those of the most respectable practitioners in England 
and the country parts of Ireland. 

The members meet at their rooms, 21 College-green, on 
the evening of the first Monday in every month, when 
communications on medical subjects and scientific matters 
in general, are received and read; the most interesting 
of which are selected for publication. Three volumes of 
Transactions have already been published. 

The officers are, a president, two vice-presidents, a 
treasurer, librarian, and secretary. 

The School op Physic — is partly under the direction 
of the College of Physicians, and partly under that of 
the Board of the University, each of which bodies exerts 
a control over three of the six professors. 

The professorships of anatomy, chemistry, and botany, 
are filled up by the appointment of the Board of Trinity 
College, who elect and pay these professors, who are 
thence styled University Professors : those of the practice 
of medicine, institutes of medicine, and materia medica, 
are called King's Professors, as they derive their salaries 
from the legislative enactments relative to the School of 
Physic. These professors are chosen by five electors, three 
of whom are ballotted for from the fellows of the College 
of Physicians, the fourth is the Regius Professor of Phy- 
sic in the University, and the fifth the Provost. The 
emoluments of the University professors are liable to some 
fluctuation, since their salaries from the University de- 
pend on the number of students in a particular class ; the 
remainder of their income arises from their own pupils, 
each of whom pays four guineas for a course of lectures. 
In the case of the King's Professors, the pupils pay the 
same fees, but they have a fixed sum, in addition, of 100/. 
only per annum, so that a King's professorship is not so 
lucrative as an University one. 

The King's professors deliver their lectures at Sir Pa- 
trick Dun's Hospital, the University professors at Trinity 
College. All, except the professor of botany, commence 
their lectures on the first Monday in November, and ter- 
minate on the first Monday in May. The order in which 
the lectures are delivered is as follows : — at ten o'clock, 
the professor of Materia Medica ; at eleven, the professor 
of the Institutes of Medicine $ at twelve, the patients are 



SCHOOL OP ANATOMV, MEDICINE, AND SURGERY. 203 

visited at Sir P. Dun's Hospital by the clinical lecturer ; 
at one, the professor of Anatomy and Surgery ; at two, 
the professor of Chemistry ; at three, the professor of the 
Practice of Medicine : the six professors successively at- 
tend at Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, and deliver clinical 
lectures on the patients, each lecturer attending three 
months at a time. The students in medicine are of two 
classes : the first consists of regular graduates in arts ; 
the second class of those who do not become students 
in arts, but merely matriculate in medicine: these, 
in three years after matriculation, are examined, and 
if found properly qualified, receive a diplo-ma, which 
though inferior to the degree obtained by the other class, 
is yet on an equality with the diploma conferred at Edin- 
burgh. The reputation of the School of Physic in Ire- 
land is already very considerable ; and it is every day 
rising more in public estimation. The facility with which 
anatomical studies can be pursued in Dublin, is one cause 
which gives this school an advantage over others. 

The Botanic Garden is very conveniently situated for 
the students, being within a few minutes walk of Sir 
Patrick Dun's Hospital. The system of private instruc- 
tion carried on there is of the utmost utility, and the pro- 
fessor's assistant gives demonstrations in the garden, which 
are very well attended, and from which the students can- 
not fail to derive the greatest advantage. 

School of Anatomy, Medicine and Surgery, Park- 
street, Merrion-square. — This school, which was in- 
stituted, in 1824, by an association of Surgeons and Phy- 
sicians, promises, to students visiting this city for the ad- 
vantages of a Medical Education, a valuable addition to 
the many sources of information in this department which 
already existed here. 

The building, which stands on a space 40 feet square, is 
of brick, consisting of two stories, in the upper one of which 
are circular-headed windows with architraves. — The angles 
are of rusticated masonry, and the whole is surmounted 
by a pediment. On the ground floor, are a Museum 40 
feet in length j a Chemical laboratory, an Office and Read- 
ing-room. — On the upper floor, is the Lecture-room, 
which is capable of accommodating about 200 persons, 
and is lighted by a lantern in the roof. — The Dissecting- 



204 APOTHECARIES'-HAIX, MARY-STREET, 

room, which is 40 feet long by 18 in breadth, is lighted 
from a lantern, ventilated by apertures in the floor and 
ceiling, and is a lofty, commodious apartment. There are 
likewise rooms for preparations, &c. on this story. 

The entire building is enclosed by a high wall neatly 
coped, and finished at its angles with rustic work, and in 
the general appearance of the whole structure, much neat- 
ness, good taste, and good feeling for the interest of the 
neighbourhood have been manifested. 

The course of instruction comprises lectures on Ana- 
tomy, Physiology and Surgery — the Practice of Medicine 
— Toxicology and Animal Chemistry — Materia Medica and 
Pharmacy.— Chemistry, Anatomical Demonstrations — and 
on the Diseases of the Eye, by Mr. Jacob. 

Apothecaries'-hall, Mary-street. — The house of 
the Governor and Company of the Apothecaries'-hall w r as 
erected in 1/91, at an expense of 6,000/. 5 and is a plain 
building, fronting Mary-street, having extensive store- 
houses in the rear, and a spacious chemical laboratory, 
where several medical articles are prepared : the hall 
serves as a wholesale warehouse, where the apothecaries 
can procure medicines in a state of purity. Previously to 
the incorporation of this society, the apothecaries' shops 
were supplied from the warehouses of the druggists, who 
were the importers,, and frequently furnished very bad 
preparations. In order to remedy this evil, an application 
was made to parliament for permission to raise subscrip- 
tions for the purpose of erecting an Apothecaries'-hall, 
which was to be supplied with the purest medicines. In 
I79I, the petition was granted, and an act passed, incor- 
porating a society under the title of the Governor and 
Company of the Apothecaries'-hall ; 6,000/. was raised on 
debentures, with which the house was completed ; 2,000/. 
more was borrowed for the outfit of the shop ; and so suc^ 
cessful has this institution been, that the debentures, 
which were originally bought for 100/., now sell for from 
500/. to 600/. 

Lectures are delivered at the laboratory on chemistry 
and pharmacy, which commence on the 1st May, and 
continue for about two months, three times a week ; the 
present lecturer is Mr. Donovan, a gentleman deservedly 
distinguished for his chemical labours. 






CHARITABLE INFIRMARY, JERVIS-STREET. 205 

The principal duty of this society is the examination 
of candidates for the rank of master apothecary, without 
which no person can open an apothecary's shop in this 
city. This examination is conducted with great strict- 
ness, and to this is to be ascribed,- in a great degree, the 
perfection which this branch of the medical profession 
has attained in Dublin. Apprentices are likewise ex- 
amined in a classical course previously to their being 
bound. 

The establishment consists of a governor deputy gover- 
nor, treasurer, and secretary, and thirteen directors. 

Charitable Infirmary, Jervis-street. — The Charit- 
able Infirmary, which was instituted at the commence- 
ment of the eighteenth century, was the first institution of 
the kind in Dublin, and owes its existence (like many 
other valuable establishments) solely to the benevolent ex- 
ertions of a few medical men. In the year 1728, a house 
was opened in Cook-street, for the purposes of the 
charity, and, from the flourishing state of the funds, the 
directors were soon enabled to transfer their establishment 
to a more^ppropriate situation on the King's Inns' Quay, 
which they vacated in 1792, in order to remove to the 
present site in Jervis-street. Soon after this the gover- 
nors procured a charter, appointing subscribers of two 
guineas governors for the year, and those of twenty pounds 
governors for life. By some accident, the original charter 
was forfeited and a new one since obtained, depriving- the 
medical officers of the right they formerly exercised of 
being ew officio governors, but still recognising their power 
of becoming such, on subscribing the sums above men- 
tioned. The immediate conduct of the hospital, is vested 
in the hands of a managing committee of fifteen gover- 
nors, who act under the control of the general board, all 
elections for medical officers and apothecaries being in the 
hands of the latter. 

The building, which was erected in 1803, is of the 
plainest description, possessing a simple brick front, 
having a double flight of granite steps furnished with a 
high iron railing, the house retires a few feet from the 
line of the adjoining ones. The ground floor is occupied 
by the surgery, board-room, and apothecary's apartment -, 
the rooms on the upper iloors are used as, wards, with the 



206 STEWENS'S HOSPITAL. 

exception of two, one of which is appropriated to the Use 
of the resident matron, and the other to operations. The 
board-room contains a neat library, supported by con- 
tributions from the pupils, a great number of whom 
attend the practice of the hospital. The house is capable 
of affording accommodation to fifty patients, but, as the 
funds are not sufficient for the support of more than 
thirty, the governors admit into the unoccupied beds, 
those who are able to pay for their own support, and 
who receive from the establishment only medicine and 
advice. 

The funds amount to a little more than 900/. per ann. ' 

The officers are, two physicians, nine surgeons, a regis- 
trar, a housekeeper, two nurses, and a porter. Hours of 
attendance, nine in winter, eight in summer. 

Physicians visit on Tuesdays and Fridays, or as occasion 
requires ; surgeons daily, in turn. 

Terms of attendance for pupils, for the 

Summer half year - ~ Three Guineas. 
Winter ditto - - - - Four Guineas. 

Steevens's-Hospital. — In 1710, Dr. Steevens, a Phy- 
sician of Dublin, bequeathed his estate, amounting to 
600/. per annum, to his sister, daring her life, and after 
her death, vested it in three trustees, for the purpose of 
erecting an hospital for the maintenance of sick poor, as 
well medical as surgical patients, to be called Steevens's 
hospital. Anxious to fulfil the wishes of her brother, as 
soon as she came into possession, she immediately appro- 
priated the greater part of the property to building the 
hospital, reserving to herself merely 120/. per annum, and 
apartments in the hospital 3 an act of public spirit and 
generosity which exceeds, perhaps, that of the founder 
himself. It was commenced in 1720, and, in 1733, was so 
far advanced as to be ready for the accommodation of 
forty patients ; the hospital was accordingly opened on 
the 2nd of July, in that year, under the management of 
the following governors appointed by act of parliament, 
eleven ex officio, viz. the Primate, Lord Chancellor, Lord 
Archbishop of Dublin, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Lord Chief 
Justice of the Common Pleas, Lord Chief Baron of the 
Exchequer, Dean of Christ-Church, Dean of St. Patrick's, 



STEEVENS'S HOSMTAL. 207 

Provost of Trinity College, Surgeon-general \ and twelve 
elective. 

The building, situated between Bow-lane and the Liffey, 
is 233 feet by 204 ; consists of four fronts, and encloses a 
court, 114 feet by 94, surrounded by a piazza with a 
covered gallery above it. In the eastern front is the 
entrance by a large gateway, over which is erected a 
cupola, with a bell and clock ; on this side are the apart- 
ments of the resident surgeon, chaplain, steward, and 
matron. On the north east is the board-room, where is 
deposited the library, bequeathed by Dr. Edward Worth, 
consisting of medical and miscellaneous books , adjoining 
is the committee-room, where patients present themselves 
examination. 

The library is decorated with the portraits of Dr. 
Worth and Dr. Steevens. 

In the west front are the wards, operating theatre, 
baths, apothecary's shop 5 and in the under-ground story, 
kitchens, and laundries. The north and south fronts are 
occupied by wards, the upper story for women, and the 
lower for men : in the south-eastern angle is a chapel, 
where service is performed on Sundays, Wednesdays, and 
Fridays. The governors not having funds to support the 
entire number of patients which the house is capable of 
accommodating (300), have occasionally let the garret 
story to government for the reception of military patients ; 
and, since the closing of the male wards of the Westmor- 
land Lock Hospital, in 1819^, they have contracted with it 
for the support of fifty beds for the reception of venereal 
patients. 

The annual income, independently of grants from parlia- 
ment and the Irish government, is about 2,231/. The 
private funds are sufficient to maintain about 160 beds, 
and the contributions from government support fifty or 
sixty additional, hence this is the most extensive surgical 
hospital in the city, for the great majority of patients ad- 
mitted are surgical. 

The medical officers are, one physician, one assistant 
ditto, two surgeons and two assistant ditto, non-resident, 
one resident surgeon and one apothecary. 

The hospital is visited by the physicians and surgeons, 



208 MEATH HOSPITAL, 

non-resident, on Mondays and Fridays, and the dispensary 
is open on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. 

A very useful medical library is established for the use 
of the students. 

Mercer's Hospital, Johnson's-place, William- 
Street. — This hospital, founded in the year 1734, by 
Mrs. Mary Mercer, is a large bouse built of stone, (at the 
corner of Stephens' and Mercer's streets, in Johnson's- 
place), the exterior of which presents little remarkable. 
At its first institution it contained only ten beds, but the 
number has been increased to fifty ; it seldom, however, 
happens that more than forty are occupied, the funds not 
permitting it. The management of the affairs of this 
institution, which was incorporated by act of parliament 
in 1/50, is intrusted to a committee of fifteen, chosen from 
amongst the governors, who meet the first and third Tues- 
day in each month, when two visitors are appointed. 

It is almost exclusively a surgical hospital ; previously, 
however to the building of Sir Patrick Dun's hospital, 
some wards were set apart in it for the reception of me- 
dical patients ; this was at that time a very desirable ob- 
ject, there being then no clinical hospital. 

The annual income exceeds 1,000/., of which about 130/. 
is furnished by subscription, 250/. by profit rents, 4501. by 
interest on money, the rest by grand jury presentments, 
and occasional parliamentary grants. 

The medical officers are two physicians and six sur- 
geons. The latter visit daily, and a dispensary is attached. 

Meath Hospital. — The Meath Hospital is so called 
from its having been originally destined to the use of the 
poor, living in the Earl of Meath' s liberties, but, within 
a few years after its foundation, an act was passed, con- 
verting it into an infirmary for the county of Dublin. It 
was originally in Meath-street, afterwards removed to 
South-east-street, and subsequently, as soon as the im- 
proved state of their funds permitted, the house on the 
Coombe was built; but this being found inadequate, a 
large hospital, capable of accommodating one hundred 
patients, is now erected at the rear of Kevin's-street 
fronting the Long-lane. This most desirable object has 
been effected principally by the munificent T. Pleasants, 



COOMBE HOSPITAL. 209 

Esq. who, in 1814, made a donation of 6,000/. of which 
he directed 2,000/. to be funded for the purpose of sup- 
porting patients, and the remainder to be expended in 
building a dissecting-room, &c. The ground was imme- 
diately purchased, and with the addition of 800/. raised by 
subscription, the hospital has been built. 

Formerly, the medical officers received a salary of 100/. 
each, but they agreed to resign it for the advantage of the 
institution, and this custom has been adopted ever since. 
The establishment consists of two physicians, six surgeons, 
and one apothecary. A physician and a surgeon attend 
every day at ten o'clock, and visit the house, as well as 
prescribe for the patients attending the extensive dispen- 
sary attached to the institution. 

The annual income exceeds 1,000/., and in some years 
amounts to 1,150/. The salaries and wages are about 170/. 
per annum. There are four ex officio governors, the 
Archbishops of Armagh and Dublin, the Lord Chancellor, 
and the Vicar of St. Catharine's. Persons paying twenty 
guineas are governors for life, and subscribers of two 
guineas are governors for the year, those who subscribe 
one guinea annually are entitled to recommend patients. 

Coombe Hospital. — This hospital, lately closed, was 
re-opened on the 27th of October, 1823, by John Kirby, 
Michael Daniell, and Richard Gregory, Esquires, and is 
provided with accommodation for fifty intern patients. 

This charitable institution stands in that part of the 
city where poverty and disease prevail, in their most 
calamitous degree of aggravation; and where accidents, 
in their severest forms, constantly occur, and hourly de- 
mand admission into some asylum where suffering may be 
alleviated, and life preserved. 

The medical department comprises two physicians, 
three surgeons, and an apothecary, who is also the resi- 
dent medical officer. The surgeons visit the hospital every 
morning at ten o'clock, and after going round the wards 
they proceed to prescribe for the externs, the number of 
whom averages 200 daily. 

The income of the hospital is derived from voluntary 
contributions, and from the fees of pupils who attend 
there for instruction. 

Persons paying ten guineas or upwards are governors 
t 3 



210 LYING-W-HOSPITAL, CREAT-BRITAltf-STREET. 

for life ; subscribers of two guineas are governors for one 
year, and annual subscribers of one guinea are entitled to 
recommend patients. 

The hospital is always open for the admission of those 
suffering from accidents. 

Lying-in-hospital, Great-Britain-street. — This 
establishment owes its existence to the exertions of Dr. 
Bartholomew Mosse, who opened, at his own private ex- 
pense, an hospital for the reception of poor lying-in 
women, in George's-street south, on the 25th March, 
1/45, being the first establishment of the kind in the em- 
pire. This charity he supported solely at his own ex- 
pense, until the great relief afforded byit, induced others 
to contribute to so laudable a project. Accordingly, in 

1750, the state of the funds being sufficiently flourishing, 
the first stone of the present structure was laid, May 24th, 

1751. After expending all his fortune in forwarding his 
plan, Dr. Mosse was obliged to apply to the House of 
Commons for assistance, from whom he received a grant 
of 6,000/., and in the next session a similar sum was voted 
to him, both of which being expended on the building, he 
was presented with a sum of 2,000/. for himself. In 1756, 
governors were incorporated by act of parliament, and, in 
1757, the hospital was opened for the admission of patients : 
the following year an hospital was opened for the same 
purpose, in London, by Dr. Layard, who procured the 
plan from Dr. Mosse. 

The wards, which are extremely neat and well ven- 
tilated, are of various sizes, some containing twenty beds 
or more, and others only one. 

The income of the establishment has, from various 
causes, greatly declined within the last twenty-five years : 
formerly, a great portion of it was derived from the con- 
certs given in the Rotunda Rooms, but this speculation 
has latterly been unproductive, for the public taste has 
undergone some alteration with respect to such enter- 
tainments, which were, besides, interrupted by the dis- 
turbances in 1798, when the Rotunda and public rooms 
were used as barracks — to say nothing of the almost total 
desertion of the metropolis by the nobility since the Union. 
The average profits from the rooms, for the three years 
preceding 1/98, amounted to 1,450/. per annum, whereas, 



tYlNG-IK-HOSPlTAt, GREAT-BRITAiN-StREET. 211 

those of the three years previous to 1809, did not exceed 
300/. per annum. In consequence of this the rooms were 
frequently advertised for hire, and were fitted up as a 
temporary theatre by Mr. Harris, during* the building of 
the^ new house in Hawkin's-street. Another source from 
which the income of the hospital is derived is the collec- 
tion in the chapel, which amounted on an average, for th$ 
twelve years ending 1786, to 158/. per annum, whereas^ 
not more than the fourth of that sum is now raised : the 
charity-sermon has also been of late much less productive 
than formerly. Occasional benefactions, the rent of a 
room let to the Anacreontic Society, and the profits of the 
gardens, are the other sources of the casual income. 

The fixed or permanent income arises chiefly from sub« 
scriptions, called bed-money, collected from some of 
the governors who pay 12/. 10s. per annum ; from the 
rent of vaults, ground-rents, and interest on debentures ; 
and amounts to about 965/., the casual may be estimated 
at 700/., making in all about 1,665/. per annum. The ex- 
penditure may be estimated at thirty-shillings (Irish) for 
every patient, and this sum is sufficient to cover all ex- 
penses, except the interest of eleven thousand pounds, at 
4 per cent (the payment of which is guaranteed^ by govern- 
ment), and the expense of supporting and instructing 
eight female pupils, who are educated for the purpose of 
practising midwifery in distant parts of the country. The 
greatest part of the income has hitherto been derived from 
parliamentary grants ; but it is to be regretted that it has 
lately been thought necessary to diminish the grant. 

The expenditure in salaries, wages, and allowances, 
amounts to something more than 500/. per annum y the 
officers and servants are, a master and three assistants, a 
chaplain, registrar and agent, matron, &c. 

The Hospital is placed under the management of sixty 
governors, thirteen of whom are appointed eoo officio, and 
are styled Guardians, viz. the Lord Lieutenant, the Pri- 
mate, Lord Chancellor, Lord Mayor, Archbishop of Dub- 
lin, Duke of Leinster, Bishop of Kildare, the High 
Sheriffs, Commander of the Forces, Dean of St. Patrick's, 
and the Archdeacon and Recorder of Dublin ; the rest are 
selected from the subscribers ; and the master, consulting* 
physician, audi surgeon, are always elected governors* 



212 tYXNG4N«H0SHTAL, GREAT-BRITAIN-STREET. 

The immediate regulation of the establishment is delegated 
to the master, who is always a physician of the highest 
celebrity as an accoucheur. This officer, who, as well as 
his assistant, is a resident, is elected for seven years, and 
is not re-eligible at any future period. His income may 
be calculated at about 1,200/. per annum, but this will de- 
pend upon his own exertions, as his chief emoluments are 
derived from his pupils. These are of two classes, in- 
ternal and external ; the former, who are six in number, 
pay thirty guineas ; the latter, who amount generally to 
fifteen, twenty guineas each : both classes attend only six 
months. He receives, besides, 200/. from each of his 
assistants, who are changed every three years. 

This hospital is attended by those who intend to practise 
midwifery in Ireland; besides numbers of foreign students, 
and of those who are designed for general practice. The 
master delivers a course of lectures on midwifery, and, at 
the end of six months, each student is examined by the 
master, in presence of the assistants, and, if properly 
qualified, receives a certificate. From the 1st of January, 
1820, to the 3rd November in the same year, 2,0J8 women 
were delivered, making upwards of six per day. From the 
opening of the hospital to the 20th November, 1820, 
96,677 women were delivered of 51,270 boys and 46,960 
girls :— 1,600 had twins. 

The front of the building, which is towards Grea>Bri- 
tain-street,* and extends 125 feet, consists of a rusticated 
basement and two series of windows above ; in the centre 
of the basement is a break, supporting four three-quarter 
Doric columns with their entablature and pediment. The 
entablature is extended along the whole front, but the 
triglyphs of the frieze are confined to the centre. The 
upper windows have architraves, the lower ones cornices 
also, and those on each side the Venetian window over the 
entrance, have pediments. The whole facade is of granite- 
stone : extending from the basement, and of the same 
height, are two sweeping colonnades of the Tuscan order, 
terminating in elegant pavilions (designed by F. Trench, 
Esq.), one of which is the entrance to the Rotunda, the 

* The front would have been exactly opposite Sackville-street, had not Dr. 
Mosse quarrelled with the proprietor, of the ground, Luke Gardiner, Es$« 
*fterw«da fcord Moun^oy* 



rotunda rooms; 213 

other the Porter's Lodge. A handsome court-yard in 
front throws the hospital 40 feet back from the street ; 
this is enclosed by an iron balustrade resting on a dwarf 
wall. This building is after a design of Mr. Cassels, the 
architect of the Bank of Ireland, and of the Dublin 
Society's House. 

The principal entrance is in the south front, and leads 
to a handsome hail, the ceiling of which is supported by 
columns : this room would be grand, were it not too low. 
On one side of the hall on a bracket, stands a well-executed 
bust of Dr. Mosse, and immediately opposite one of Mr. 
Deane, who bequeathed a considerable sum to the support 
of the institution. Under the former is a large baptismal 
font of veined marble, the gift of Dr. Robert Downes, 
Bishop of Raphoe. 

A handsome broad flight of stone steps leads to the 
chapel over the grand hall, a room about 40 feet square, 
furnished with pews of mahogany, and a gallery sup- 
ported by pillars : the entablature extending round the 
chapel beneath the front pannels of the gallery is hand- 
somely ornamented with gilding. The stucco-work of 
the ceiling is not only remarkably curious and beautiful, 
but in a style totally different from any thing of the kind 
in this city. Over the communion-table is a console sup- 
porting a lamb, in alto relievo, with a richly decorated 
canopy above it, and on each side an angel, in^ large life, 
reclining upon the canopy. On the north side of the 
ceiling, in a deep arched recess, is Faith, with a crucifix 
in her hand, in a recumbent posture -, over the communion- 
table, in a similar recess, is Charity with a group of in- 
fants ; and on the south side, Hope. Above the organ is 
Moses with the two tables, and, corresponding to him, an 
angel blowing a trumpet. All these figures are in alto 
relievo, larger than life. The design of this beautiful 
piece of workmanship was given by Cremillon, a French 
artist, who was assisted in the execution by the two 
Francini, Italian sculptors, who executed the stucco-work 
at the house built by Dr. Mosse for his private residence in 
Rutland-square (now occupied by Alderman James), and 
were employed in ornamenting Tyrone House, in Marl- 
borough-street. 

Rotunda Rooms.— Adjoining the living-in-Hospital \ 



214 NEW ROOMS, RUTLAND SQUARE. 

a suite of rooms of elegant arrangement and dimensions 
exceeding those of the Public Rooms in Bath or Edinburgh. 
The principal entrance to the Rotunda is from Sackville- 
street, through the East Pavilion, into a waiting -hall for 
servants, communicating with the vestibule adjoining the 
Great Room. This room, which is after the design of Mr. 
Ensor, is 80 feet in diameter, and 40 in height. The walls 
are ornamented by 18 Corinthian pilasters, resting on 
pedestals and supporting a continued entablature ; in the 
intervals, between the pilasters, are windows enriched with 
stucco-work and surmounted by triangular pediments. 
The ceiling is handsomely ornamented, and consists of 
concentrical divisions sub-divided by semi-radii. The 
general appearance is greatly disfigured by a projecting 
orchestra. To the west of this is a card-room, 56 feet by 
24, and opposite, a tea-room of the same dimensions. On 
the north, another vestibule conducts to the ball-room, a 
spacious apartment 86 feet by 40. The walls are orna- 
mented by coupled pillars, supporting flat canopies at in- 
tervals along each side of the room, and banners, shields 
and various ornamental trophies are suspended in different 
places. 

Over this splendid apartment is another of equal size, 
and more light and elegant in appearance, though not so 
richly ornamented. On the same floor are two smaller, 
apartments, over the tea and card-rooms, which are let for 
public exhibitions. 

New Rooms, Rutland-square. — The front of the 
New Rooms, in Cavendish-row, is of granite-stone, after 
the design of Richard Johnston, Esq., and Frederick 
Trench, Esq., the latter a private gentleman. It consists 
of a rusticated basement story, on which, in the centre, 
are four three-quarter Doric columns, supporting a pedi- 
ment, in the tympanum of which are the arms of Ireland, 
the crest of the Duke of Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of 
Ireland, who laid the foundation stone of these buildings, 
17th of July, 1785, and the star of the Order of St 
Patrick ; and at each end are two coupled pilasters. 

The emoluments of all the concerts, balls and exhibi- 
tions, constantly held in these rooms, are devoted to the 
benefit of the hospital solely ; but these advantages are 
greatly diminished of late, and some other sources of in- 



WESTMORLAND LOCK HOSPITAL. 215 

come wholly destroyed, — for instance, a tax on private 
sedan chairs ; there were, when this hospital was founded, 
260 private sedans in Dublin, whereas at present, there 
are not six. 

Westmorland Lock Hospital, Townsend-street. 
— This hospital was opened 20th November, 1792, for the 
reception of venereal patients of both sexes. Under the 
administration of the Earl of Westmorland, it was deter- 
mined to provide an hospital for this purpose, capable of 
containing* 300 beds ; for a temporary one having been 
previously established near Donnybrook, it was found im- 
practicable to procure a regular attendance on the part of 
the medical officers, owing, no doubt, to the distance 
from town.* Government, therefore, entered into a ne- 
gociation with the Governors of the hospital of Incurables, 
then occupying the site of the present building, and an 
exchange of premises was agreed on. The front, which 
is plain, is of hewn mountain-granite 5 the centre and 
wings project a little, and the former is surmounted by a 
triangular pediment. In the centre are the apartments for 
the officers of the establishment ; and in the wings and 
additional buildings the wards for the patients. The 
entrance for patients is in Luke-street, at the corner of 
which, in Townsend-street, the hospital stands 5 a situa- 
tion formerly called Lazar's Hill. This hospital was 
at first attended by medical officers without salaries, but 
the attendance becoming irregular, it was deemed expe- 
dient not only to reduce their number from ten to five, 
but to allow them salaries : two, called senior surgeons, 
have ten shillings per day, and three assistants, have 50/. 
per annum • the former to be appointed by Government, 
the latter by the Board of directors ; both, however, con- 
fined to the members and licentiates of the College of 
Surgeons in Ireland : the office of senior surgeon is for 
seven years only. 

The Board of Governors formerly consisted solely of 
medical persons; but, latterly, the constitution of the 
Board, has been altered, as also that of the charity itself, 
for the hospital was originally intended for patients of 
both sexes, but now females only are admitted, and the 

* There was a Lock Hospital also for many years in Clarendon-itreetr 



216 THE HARD WICK FEVER HOSFITAL, 

beds reduced to 150, half the original number. The conse- 
quences of refusing admission to male patients have been 
in some degree obviated, by preparing accommodation at 
Steevens's Hospital for forty, and at the Richmond Sur- 
gical Hospital for thirty. The strictest economy has been 
adopted in carrying these alterations into effect ; instead 
of two physicians at 50/. each, two senior surgeons at 182/. 
] 0s. each, and three juniors at 50/., the medical depart- 
ment now is limited to a non-resident and resident surgeon. 
In 1820, the hospital ceased to receive male patients, and 
has been placed under the control of a board appointed by 
his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant. 

The officers of this Institution are a senior surgeon, a 
resident ditto, a resident apothecary, a steward, and an 
accountant. 

United Hospital of St. Mark and St. Anne. — 
Mark-Street. — This small hospital was opened in Mark- 
street, in 1808, for both surgical and medical cases. The 
establishment had previously been conducted in Francis- 
street, but the number of hospitals provided for that part 
of the city, determined the governors to transfer it where 
there was a want of such institutions ; for although Sir 
Patrick Dun's Hospital was then building, yet it did not 
promise to be speedily completed, nor was it until 1819 
that the latter began to afford extensive relief. St. Mark's 
hospital is so poor, as to be actually incapable of support- 
ing the ten beds which it contains. Yet, although the 
funds are inadequate to the support of hospital accom- 
modation, they are sufficient to provide very extensive 
Dispensary relief, for the poor of this neighbourhood, 
who, through the joint operations of this, Sir Patrick 
Dun's Hospital, the Dublin General Dispensary, and the 
parochial relief afforded by Mark's parish, are now toler- 
ably well supplied with medical assistance. 

There are two physicians, four surgeons, and a treasurer, 
by all of whom subscriptions are received. Children are 
vaccinated here every dav ; the hour of attendance from 
11 to 12. 

The Hardwick Fever Hospital — or House of Reco- 
very, in Cork-street, the most extensive institution of the 
kind in Ireland, was founded chiefly by the exertions of a 
committee of mercantile gentlemen, principally of the 



THE HARD WICK FEVER HOSPITAL. 217 

Society of Friends, who urged the adoption of hospitals 
for the reception of persons afflicted with fever alone. 
The subject having attracted the notice of government in 
1802, on the recommendation of the Earl of Hard wi eke, 
then Lord Lieutenant, a sum of 1,000/. was voted towards 
erecting a building, and 500/. towards the annual support 
of an establishment for the reception of fever patients 
residing in that part of the city which comprises the 
liberties on the south side of the Liffey. The contributions 
made in a very short time, amounted to 10,000/,, and have 
since received further augmentation. The original design 
extended to forty beds only, but the founders were enabled 
to enlarge* their plan, and accordingly determined on the 
erection of an hospital capable of containing, in case of 
emergency, 120 beds. The first stone was laid April 24th, 
1502, and the house was opened May 14th, 1804, for the 
reception of eighteen patients. It is most advantageously 
situated, being near the district for whose relief it was 
established, and possessing good air and abundance of 
water ; and stands on the south side of Cork-street, in a 
space of nearly three acres. The hospital, when first 
erected, consisted of two parallel buildings, 89 feet by 30, 
three stones high, running north and south, and connected 
by a colonnade of 116 feet. The eastern building is used 
for fever, the western for convalescent patients. The 
wards in these buildings are small and not very lofty, being 
only 16 feet by lift. Sin., and 10^ feet high; and are 
arranged on each side of the galleries, which run the 
length of the building. They are ventilated by the chim- 
ney, which is opposite the door ; by the window, and by 
a tube from the ceiling communicating with louvres in the 
roof. The galleries communicate by gratings placed ver-< 
tically over each other. The apartments of the officers 
were originally in the western wing, but they have since 
been removed to the centre, which was built in 1808, for 
the purpose of affording additional accommodation ; and 
thus, the number of beds was increased to 144. 

This circumstance, together with the increase of the 
parliamentary grant, which in 1805 was made 1,000/. 
per annum, induced the governors to extend the district 
to the relief of which the hospital was to be applicable ; 
they therefore determined to take in patients from all parts 
u 



218 THE HARDWICK FEVER HOSPITAL. 

of the city, south of the Liffey ; and in 1 809, declared 
themselves ready to admit them "from all parts of Dublin 
within the Circular Road. But in the lapse of a few years, 
they found, notwithstanding the establishment of the 
Hardwicke Fever Hospital, that their accommodation was 
still inadequate to the number of applicants 3 accordingly, 
in 1814, a fourth building, much larger than any of the 
former, was erected, by which the hospital was rendered 
capable of containing altogether 200 beds, which is its 
present establishment.* 

In the construction of the fourth building, the system of 
large wards has been adopted : it stands to the south of 
the east wing, and is ventilated by windows in the eastern 
and western sides. The hospital is supplied with ample 
offices, coal-vaults, &c. ; and a laundry, a very perfect 
establishment, has lately been erected at a great expense, 
where the principal part of the labour is performed by 
means of a steam-engine. 

The affairs of the institution are conducted by a com- 
mittee of twenty-one persons (fifteen of whom were elected 
23rd October, 1801, for life, and six others are selected 
annually from the subscribers), who meet every Tuesday. 
At the first opening of the hospital, the medical depart- 
ment consisted of three physicians and one surgeon ; but 
the number has been since increased to six permanent 
attendants (besides whom, two others are occasionally 
employed), one surgeon and an apothecary. 

Three physicians attend the hospital daily, and the 
others are employed in visiting, at their own homes, the 
applicants for admission. The internal attendance is 
taken in turn by the physicians, each set attending one 
month in succession : their salaries are small at first, but 
are gradually augmented, until, at the expiration of three 
years, they are allowed 100/. annually. The surgeon re- 
ceives 50/. per annum, and one guinea for every difficult 
case which he attends. These salaries and allowances, 
together with those of the minor officers and servants, 
amount to upwards of 1,600/. per annum ; and the average 
annual expense, for the last six years, has been about 

* In 1818, when famine crowded the hospitals every where throughout 
Ireland, the number of beds in this hospital was increased to 260. — See 
Reports of Managing Committee for 1818. 



SIR PATRICK BUM'S HOSPITAL. 219 

6,500/. This expenditure is chiefly defrayed by a par- 
liamentary grant ; the subscriptions and funded property 
amount to al)ont 1,000/. a year. Since the opening of the 
hospital to May 14th, L823, 4.9,029 patients have been 
admitted ; the mortality has been 1 in 15. No recommen- 
dation is necessary in order to procure admission, but on 
notice being left at the hospital, the applicant is inspected 
by a physician on extern duty. 

Sir Patrick Dun's Hospital, Grand Canal-street. 
— This hospital owes its existence to the celebrated prac- 
titioner of physic, whose name it bears. He had be- 
queathed his estates, in the county of Waterford, for the 
establishment of a professorship or professorships in the 
College of Physicians ; but the executors having failed in 
the execution of his will, the trust was vested by Chan- 
cery in the College of Physicians ; in consequence of 
which, three professorships were appointed, viz. Practice 
of Medicine, Institutes of Medicine, and Materia Medica. 
The estates having increased in value, an act was passed 
25 Geo. III., limiting their professors' salaries to 100/. per 
annum, and directing that, clinical patients should be 
supported by the surplus arising from the estates ; a pro- 
vision was likewise made, that, previously to the comple- 
tion of the hospital, it might be lawful for the College of 
Physicians to support thirty patients in any of the hospitals 
in the city. Accordingly, the Governors of Mercer's 
Hospital permitted thirty patients, the number appointed, 
by the Act of Parliament, to be lodged in their hospital 
without making any charge for the occupation of the 
wards. An act passed 40th Geo. III., directed that the 
surplus of the estates, after supporting the thirty patients, 
and the completion of an hospital, should be applied to 
the extending of that hospital so as to render it capable 
of accommodating 100 patients : both which objects have 
been effected. Of the money granted by parliament, 
. about 9,000/ has been expended on the building, the re- 
mainder of the expense having been defrayed out of the 
funds of Sir Patrick Dun, assisted by private subscriptions.* 
Owing to considerable difficulty in procuring ground, the 

* See Report on Sir P. Dun's Hospital, by James Cleghom, M. P.— Jtt 
Report on Charitable Institutions. — Dublin, 1809« 



220 SIR PATRICK DUN'S HOSPITAL. 

commissioners were obliged to fix on a site in the low, 
marshy grounds, extending from Mount-street to the river ; 
and it was at first apprehended, that this position would 
prove most unfavourable, but, owing to the precautions 
adopted in building, all inconvenience has been avoided, 
and the excavations have served, in conjunction with other 
means, to elevate the site of the house far above the level 
of the low grounds, and even above that of the Grand 
Canal, which lies near it, and would have otherwise 
rendered it damp and unwholesome. The front, which is 
towards the north-east, is of mountain-granite, extends 
about 194 feet, and consists of a centre with two ad- 
vancing pavilions or wings, all of which are two stories 
in height. The middle of the former is decorated with 
four Ionic columns resting on the plinth dividing the 
ground-floor from the upper one, and supporting an 
entablature with a cantiliver cornice ; on the frieze is the 
following inscription in gilt characters : — " Nosoeomium 
Patricii Dun Eq. Aurat." 

In the intercolumns are three windows with pediments ; 
these are the only ones which have dressings, the others 
being quite plain, but having oblong paniiels above them. 
Above the columns rises an ornamental attic, decorated 
with breaks, pannels, and a clock. The elevation of the 
wings contains three windows in width; those of the 
ground-floor are circular-headed, and placed within arches. 
The upper floor has only two windows, viz. one on each 
side of a niche that is placed within a square pannel, 
dressed like a window, the whole composition being re- 
cessed in an arcade. 

The ground story of the centre is occupied by apart- 
ments for the matron and apothecary, pupils' waiting- 
room, and the theatre, in which the lectures are delivered : 
these open from a handsome hall with a beautiful staircase 
of mountain-granite. Above them are the board-room of 
the College of Physicians, that of the governors, and the 
library, the last being placed in the centre ; here are also 
two rooms originally intended for the use of the professors, 
one of which is now a dormitory for the provider. The 
remainder of the centre is allotted to the apothecary's 
shop, and the museum of the professor of Materia Medica. 
The patients' wards are situated in the wings, those in the 



SIR PATRICK RUN'S HOSPITAL, 221 

lower story are designed for chronic, and those on the 
upper floor for fever patients : the ceilings are all arched, 
and the floors of granite. The upper story is not similarly 
arranged on both sides, being divided, on the side appro- 
priated to females (the right wing), into small chambers 
capable of accommodating about five patients each : there 
are on this floor ten apartments, one of which is used for 
the nurses' room, and six as wards ; they are tolerably 
lofty and well ventilated $ all the upper story of the other 
side (the left wing) is thrown into one ward, subdivided 
by partitions, ten feet high, into six compartments, with 
passages, two 38 feet by 13, and four 16 feet square. The 
height of the ward is 21 feet. 

This mode of arrangement is preferable to separate 
wards of small dimensions, the compartments above 
alluded to communicating so freely with the great body of 
air in the upper part of the ward, that the ventilation is 
as perfect as if the partitions were removed, while it is 
certain that the partition is of the greatest service, inter- 
rupting the currents of air which rush horizontally over 
the patients wherever the ventilation is abundant in a 
large-sized ward. This mode, therefore, combines in itself 
all the advantages and obviates the disadvantages which 
have been observed to arise from large or small wards 
separately ; and the experience of several years has shown, 
that many more nurses are affected with contagious diseases 
in the female wards than in this. 

The hospital is capable of affording accommodation to 
100 patients, but the funds are not adequate to the main- 
tenance of more than sixty. Such persons as are not 
objects of eleemosynary relief, are admitted on their sub- 
scribing 1/. 10s. in case they labour under an acute disease, 
or 21. 10s. if under a chronic one, a measure that has 
been found both prudent and benevolent. 

Lectures are delivered twice a week during the medical 
session, which lasts from the first Monday in November 
to the first Monday in May. The professors of the School 
of Physic deliver these lectures in rotation for three 
months at a time, so that two attend each winter. 

After the deduction of 900/. per annum for the pro- 
fessors' and librarians' salaries, ground rent, officers' and 
servants' salaries, &c., there remains about 2,200/. per 
u3 



22 WHITWORTH HOSPITAL, BRUNSWICK-STREET. 

annum, for the support of patients. The establishment 
consists of a physician in ordinary, assistant surgeon, 
apothecary, registrar and provider, treasurer and matron ; 
and is under the government of a board of twenty-two per- 
sons, twelve chosen annually from the subscribers, and 
sixteen governors ex officio ; viz. the Lord Chancellor, 
three Chief Justices, the President and the four Censors 
of the College of Physicians, and the Provost of Trinity 
College. 

Life subscribers of twenty guineas may send two pa- 
tients every year; those of thirty guineas may always have 
one in the house, and those who pay four guineas an- 
nually can have one patient in the house constantly during 
the year. 

Whitworth Hospital, Brunswick-street. — This 
hospital, which was erected under the sanction, and at 
the desire of Lord Whitworth, when Lord Lieutenant, 
for the accommodation of chronic medical patients, is a 
plain stone building of two stories, independently of the 
basement. The front has a northern aspect, and faces 
the House of Industry at a distance of about 200 yards : 
it has a plain triangular pediment over the centre, below 
which the name of the hospital and the date of its foun- 
dation are inscribed on the frieze beneath a plain stone 
cornice. The centre contains a hall, physician's room 
and staircase at either side : above is a large room, used 
as a dormitory for clinical clerks, £iid adjoining, are 
smaller apartments allotted to them for parlours and 
sitting-rooms 5 and at the extremities of the building are 
situated the wards for the patients, six on each floor, two 
of which, intended as private wards, contain only one 
bed ; the others about ten beds each, the total number 
being 84. — The clinical clerk supplies the place of resident 
medical officer. This hospital was originally designed, 
not only for the accommodation of such of the inmates 
of the House of Industry as might happen to be afflicted 
with chronic medical complaints, but for the relief of 
paupers from all parts of the city, who might not be able 
to procure assistance from other hospitals. It forms a 
branch of the House of Industry, and is supported from 
the fund granted annually by parliament for the support 
of that institution. The physicians of the House of In* 
dustry visit here daily. 



WHITWORTH FEVER HOSPITAL. 223 

Richmond Surgical Hospital. — The Richmond Hos- 
pital, Brunswick-street, serving as the Surgical Hospital 
to the House of Industry, contains 130 patients, who are 
selected by the surgeons according to the urgency of their 
disease, and without any reference to recommendations. 
Its object is, to furnish accommodation and relief, not only 
for cases requiring hospital treatment which may occur in 
the House of Industry, but for the destitute and friendless 
of every description. 

This building, which was formerly a nunnery, is ill- 
adapted for its present purpose, the wards being low and 
small ; the inconvenience, however, likely to result from 
this defect, is in a great degree prevented by the strictest 
attention to cleanliness and ventilation. There is an 
operating theatre attached, and a tolerable library of pro- 
fessional books, provided at the expense of the surgeons 
and their pupils. 

This hospital is attended by three surgeons, who visit 
their respective departments daily. 

The institution for the relief of the ruptured poor in 
Ireland is attached to this establishment. 

St. George's House of Recovery, George's-place, 
Dorset-street. — The same reasons which operated 
towards the institution of the Whitworth Fever Hospital, 
led to the establishment of this hospital, in fact, by some of 
the very same individuals. The building is situated on the 
same premises, and attended by the same officers, as the 
Dispensary for the poor of George's parish. The object 
of the institution is, to afford an asylum to those who are 
unable to defray the expense of medical attendance at 
home, and yet are in circumstances which prevent them 
from seeking admission into public hospitals. The sub- 
scription paid by patients is one guinea per week, during 
their stay in the house. The Dispensary is attended every 
morning at ten o'clock. The patron is the Lord Lieu- 
tenant ; there are a physician, consulting ditto, and a 
surgeon. 

Whitworth Fever Hospital. — The great distance of 
the northern extremity of the town from the Fever 
Hospital in Cork-street, induced some charitable indivi- 
duals to establish one for the accommodation of the north- 
eastern part of the city 5 accordingly, in 1816, this build- 



224 ST, PETER'S AND ST. BRIDGET'S HOSPITAL. 

ing was erected for that purpose, which was opened May 
1st, 13 IS. It is situated at the third lock of the Royal 
Canal, near Drumcondra, and is a plain building of brick, 
with an entablature of granite, on which are the name 
and date. 

The construction is somewhat extraordinary : in the 
floor of each story is laid down a large tube opening to 
the external air, and communicating with the interior of 
the wards by valves in the floor ; and a corresponding valve 
in the ceiling serves to establish a current of air, so that 
there is at all times a sufficient ventilation. The house 
is so contrived as to be easily capable of extension, but 
from the present state of the funds, the completion of the 
design is not probable ; it can at present accommodate 
about thirty-five patients. During the prevalence of the 
late epidemic fever, it was of considerable service to the 
north-eastern extremity of Dublin, and also to the vil- 
lages in the vicinity. This hospital is supported entirely 
by private subscriptions : it was the intention of the go- 
vernors to have conducted it as nearly as possible accord- 
ing to the plan of the House of Recovery in Cork -street, 
hut the failure of the funds renders that improbable. 

The direction is in the hands of a managing committee, 
selected annually from the subscribers at large. Sub- 
scribers of one guinea are entitled to recommend one 
patient at a time throughout the year, but in cases of 
urgency persons are admitted without this form. 

There are a patron, president, four physicians, apo- 
thecary, matron and registrar. 

St. Peter's and St. Bridget's Hospital. — This in- 
stitution was founded in 1810, at the sole expense of John 
Kirby, Esq. of the Royal College of Surgeons, by whose 
exertions principally it has been since supported ; and has 
accommodation for five and thirty patients. 

To several thousand extern patients it annually affords 
advice and medicine, and still admits the sick and friend- 
less to a participation of its advantages. Beds are always 
ready for the reception of accidents, and for all cases re- 
quiring the performance of severe and dangerous opera- 
tions. 

Connected with this institution, there is a theatre in 
which lectures are delivered on anatomy and surgery, by 



ROYAL MILITARY INFIRMARY? 225 

Mr. Kirby and his assistant lecturer; and there is also 
an excellent anatomical collection. 

Royal Military Infirmary. — This hospital is designed 
for such of the sick soldiers of the garrison of Dublin as 
cannot be accommodated in the regimental hospitals at- 
tached to the different barracks. It stands near the south- 
eastern gate of the Phoenix-park, andis delightfully situated 
on an eminence forming a natural terrace, round which a 
stream winding, serves as well for utility as ornament, 
supplying cold baths, situated at the foot of the terrace, 
so as to be completely obscured from the view of the 
house : the ground on the opposite side of this stream 
rises as suddenly, thus forming a ravine, by which the 
grounds of:thc infirmary are separated from the rest of the 
park. It was impossible that the site could have been se- 
lected with greater taste and judgment, being most salu- 
brious, and commanding a prospect, in which are visible 
the Wellington Testimonial; the Liffey, with Sarah- 
bridge ; tke'Old Man's Hospital, or Royal Infirmary ; the 
cultivated enclosures belonging to the commander of the 
forces ; and the Dublin and Wicklow Mountains in the 
distance. 

The building presents a handsome elevation of granite, 
after a design of Mr. Gandon, consisting of a centre (sur- 
mounted by a handsome cupola, containing a clock), and 
projecting pavilions at the ends. The interior is divided into 
thirteen wards, seven of which are devoted to the accom- 
modation of medical, and six to that of surgical patients : in 
the centre building, the lower part is occupied principally 
by the officers ; the upper part is used for wards ; and 
the hall has been fitted up as a chapel, where service is 
performed every Sunday morning. The wards are conve- 
nient, and the nurses' apartments and bath rooms are 
well arranged. The centre and returning wings form 
three sides of an inner court ; the fourth is a detached 
building, for the reception of such patients as labour under 
febrile or contagious diseases : there are a few cells on 
the ground-floor for maniacal patients. The structure, 
which cost 9,000/. was begun in 1 786, and completed m 
lZSSj previously to its erection, a large building in 
James's-street, was used for a military hospital. The 
hospital is visited daily by the physician-general, who is 



226 HOSPITAL OF INCURABLES. 

ex officio the attendant. The surgeon-general and the staff- 
surgeon, who are also regularly attached, attend alternately. 

The officers are, the physician and surgeon-general, 
staff-surgeon, apothecary, resident surgical officer, steward, 
deputy ditto, and chaplain. 

The hospital is under the management of a board of 
commissioners appointed ex officio, viz. Commander of 
the Forces, Lieutenants-general, Majors-general, Quarter- 
master-general, Deputy Vice-treasurer, Surveyor-general, 
Physician-general, Surgeon-general, and the Director-ge- 
neral of Military Hospitals. The establishment is sup- 
ported partly by a parliamentary grant, and partly by 
stoppages from the pay of the soldiers in hospital : this 
deduction defrays about half the expense of the patient, 
and amounts to ten-pence per diem 5 the total expense of 
supporting each patient is stated at 33/. per annum, in- 
cluding salaries to officers and servants. 

All soldiers attacked with fever, or who have met with 
accidents, are removed hither, none but ordinary cases, or 
those in which there is no danger of the propagation of 
disease, being received into the regimental hospitals. 

Hospital of Incurables, Donnybrook-road. — In 
1744, a society of musical persons, formed by the exer- 
tions of Lord Mornington, with the view of procuring con- 
tributions towards the support of the poor, afflicted with 
incurable complaints, opened a house in Fleet-street, for 
that purpose; and were so successful, that, in a short 
time, they were able to extend their scheme ; but, calcu- 
lating on their present success, they built an hospital on 
Lazar's-hill, for 100 patients, a number which their income 
was by no means adequate to support. Their funds were 
thus unnecessarily expended, and in a short time they 
were unable to support more than a dozen patients; they 
then agreed to permit the governors of the House of In- 
dustry to send to their hospital 100 of such of the inmates 
of the former establishment as were incurable. In 1 790, 
4,000/. was bequeathed by Theobald Wolfe, Esq., which 
so far relieved them, that, in two years afterwards, govern- 
ment offered, in exchange for this establishment, Buck- 
ingham Hospital, near Donnybrook (originally designed 
for the small-pox, but then used for venereal patients), 
together with the land belonging to it. This ground (14 



HOUSE OF INDUSTRY. 227 

acres), from its contiguity to the city, is so profitable as 
to leave tlie hospital rent-free. In 1800, the governors 
Avere incorporated by charter, and have the power of ap- 
pointing officers with salaries not exceeding fifty pounds : 
subscribers of twenty guineas, are governors for life, and 
those of five guineas, governors for one year. The 
patients are admitted by the board, who give the preference 
to such as most need relief. When 50/. has been deposited 
in the hands of the treasurer for the admission of a patient, 
in case of the demise of such patient within one year, the 
further subscription of 15/. entitles the subscriber to the 
liberty of filling another vacancy for life. One physician 
and one surgeon attend, and, after three years' service, 
they are eligible as governors. The house accommodates 
seventy patients, having been lately enlarged, by the addi- 
tion of a ward containing ten beds, under which is a wait- 
ing-room for patients, and other apartments. 

The income arises from the interest of money sub- 
scribed and bequeathed, aided by a grant from govern- 
ment of 500/. per annum, and another from the grand 
jury of 100/., together with contributions from individuals 
who defray the expense of patients recommended by 
themselves. — The governors meet the third Wednesday in 
each month at the hospital, when patients are directed to 
present themselves for admission. 

House of Industry. — The House of Industry deserves 
more detail than the limits of this sketch will allow, whe- 
ther we consider the imperious claims on humanity of the 
cases here admitted, the order, neatness, and regularity 
pervading every department, or the moderate expense of 
5/. 3s, 6d. yearly, for the maintenance and clothing of each 
pauper. Under the system lately adopted, paupers from 
the county and city of Dublin only, are admissible ; but 
at the origin of this establishment, in 1772, paupers 
from all parts of Ireland, and from any country, under every 
species of distress, were admitted; vagrants and prosti- 
tutes were also confined here. For its present improved 
organization, reduction of number, and proportionate 
reduction of expenditure, the public are indebted to 
Mr. Peel, late chief secretary of Ireland. 

There are eleven acres of ground belonging to this esta- 
blishment, partly covered by two squares of building, 



228 FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, JAMES'S-STREET. 

one for the aged and infirm, and one for the insane ;* 
there are also 137 cells for the more refractory of the last 
class ; besides three hospitals, detached from the main 
building, and from each other, for fever, chronic, medical, 
and surgical cases ; and in addition to these arrangements, 
the Talbot Dispensary affords medical and surgical relief 
daily > to the extreme poor of the north-west quarter of 
the city ; their average weekly number is 312. [See Hard- 
tvick Fever Hospital, and Richmond Lunatic AsylumJ] 

The penitentiaries, auxiliary fever hospitals, and other 
branches, hitherto attached to the House of Industry, 
having been lately discontinued, or placed under other 
control, the remaining' duty of superintendence has been 
committed to one resident governor and seven visitors, 
who hold their meetings weekly ; the amount of the last 
parliamentary grant, for 1821, was 21,233/. 6s. Sd. Irish 
currency. 

Foundling Hospital, James's-street. — This build- 
ing was originally designed as an asylum for the aged and 
infirm, and for a few lunatic patients, and as a work- 
house for vagrants capable of labour. It was founded in 
1704, with no other property than 100/. a-year, and a 
piece of ground, containing fourteen acres ; these resources 
were by no means adequate to the expense of such an 
establishment, and accordingly, fourteen years after, a 
new body was incorporated, consisting of several persons 
of rank, amongst others, the lord mayor, sheriffs, and 
dignitaries of the church residing in the city 5 and the 
ordinary affairs of the institution were conducted by a 
court of fifteen persons chosen from the body of governors 
at large. The establishment was originally for the recep- 
tion of all beggars, and children above six years old, those 
below that age being supported by their respective 
parishes, but in 1/30, it was found necessary to open the 
house for children of all ages. It was at this period that 
the institution received the appellation of the Foundling 
Hospital and Workhouse, and it continued without altera- 
tion until 1/74, when the governors determined not to re- 
ceive children after the age of twelve months. All the 

* Paupers incurably insane are removed hither from the Richmond Lunatic 
Asylum, which is exclusively reserved for curable patients. 






FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, JAMES'S-STREET. 229 

healthy infants were put out to nurse, with women who 
undertook the care of them for a small annual allowance, 
which was increased by a premium, in case the nurse ac- 
quitted herself to the satisfaction of the governors ; and, 
since that period, the objects of relief of the institution, 
have been children only ; the average number annually 
admitted for the last nine years has been about 1940. 

The front of the dining-hall, towards the great entrance 
from James's-street, has some affectation of ornament. 
The centre has one series of lofty arched windows, three 
on each side of the break in the middle, in which is the 
door (heavily decorated with pilasters, pediments, scrolls, 
foliage, &c), and a window on either side. This break is 
crowned by a pediment, above which is seen an octangular 
turret, with a clock ; at either extremity of the building 
is a projecting pavilion with an arched door beneath, and 
two windows above, one over the other, placed in a shallow 
recess, the flat arch of which is within the pediment ; the 
parapet between these three projections is embattled ; in 
the roof are six lofty dormer windows. The interior is 
lighted by sixteen circular-headed windows ; over the fire- 
place, at the eastern extremity, is a full-length portrait of 
Primate Boulter, who caused the poor of the city of Dublin 
to be fed in this hall at his own expense, in 1/27-28, when 
a famine visited Dublin. 

The chapel, which stands on the south side of the court 
behind the dining-hall, is a very neat building, and its in- 
terior is handsome ; the galleries and roof are supported 
by gothic pillars. 

The infirmary, which is of more recent date, is well con- 
structed, and affords accommodation more than sufficient 
for the demand. 

The establishment has been hitherto supported by par- 
liamentary grants, assisted by a tax on the city, and by 
the rents of the estate of the hospital ; the two latter 
sources of revenue, however, afford but a small propor- 
tion of the sums requisite to the support of the institu- 
tion, and do not exceed the fourth part of the grant an- 
nually made by parliament. The tax on the city is relin- 
quished, the governors having determined that the sum of 
5/. shall be paid by each parish for every child sent from 
it to the hospital. " 

x 



230 ST. PATRICK'S, OR SWIFTS HOSPITAL. 

The establishment is under the management of a board 
of thirteen governors, in conjunction with a similar num- 
ber of governesses ; amongst the former are the Arch- 
bishop of Dublin, the Bishops of Deny, Ferns, and El- 
phin, &c. ; and, amongst the latter, many ladies of rank 
and fortune. The expenditure is considerable, owing as 
well to the number of resident officers requisite, a,s to the 
immense number of country nurses to be paid. There are 
at present no less than 5,000 children at nurse in the 
country, and nearly 1,200 in the hospital. 

The resident officers are, a chaplain, registrar and pay- 
master, apothecary, provider, head master (male school), 
superintending school-mistress and housekeeper. 

The male schools are now placed under the immediate 
superintendence of the chaplain, the Rev. H. Murray, 
whose abilities and general information are universally 
acknowledged, and who is deservedly esteemed as a theo- 
logical writer. At a certain age the children are appren- 
ticed out to trades, for which they are previously prepared, 
by instructing them in such branches as they show a dis- 
position to cultivate ; and the greatest care is taken by the 
governors in selecting the most respectable persons as 
masters. For the last twenty years, on an average, 2,000 
children annually have been admitted to the hospital, and 
the parliamentary grant has been between 20,000 and 
30,000/. 

St. Patrick's, or Swift's Hospital^-TIic founder 
of this hospital, which was the first established in Ireland 
for the reception of idiots and lunatics, was the celebrated 
Dean Swift. And it is a remarkable coincidence, that 
Swift himself should subsequently have been reduced to 
the condition of the most wretched of its inmates ; but 
this fact is easily accounted for, without recourse to any 
miraculous presentiment, by the recollection of this cir- 
cumstance, that for many years previous to the complete 
wreck of one of the noblest of created minds, gradual de- 
cline of memory, frequent gusts of passion, and weariness 
of life, formed too sure indications of the dreadful catas- 
trophe that was to ensue. It was probably the expecta- 
tion of such a termination which led him, while yet his 
reason possessed somewhat of its original powers, to re- 
flect on the deplorable situation in which many wretches 



ST.'PATRICK'S, OR SWIFT'S HOSPITAL. 231 

were placed, from the total ifrant of an institution appro- 
priated to their reception. 

He therefore, by his will, bequeathed the whole of his 
property, except a few legacies, to this purpose. The 
amount of the bequest was upwards of 10,000/. ; the hos- 
pital was commenced in 1749, on a site between Bow-lane 
and Steevens's Hospital, purchased from the latter insti- 
tution, and was opened for fifty patients, September 1757 ; 
the expense having been defrayed, partly by the interest 
of the bequest and subscriptions received during the build- 
ing, and partly by two parliamentary grants of 1,000/. 
each. The building has been since enlarged, so as to con- 
tain J 77 patients. 

The front, about 150 feet, consists of a centre and two 
wings, the former, which has two stories above the base- 
ment, is rusticated, and of granite : the latter are plain. 
There is a neat court-yard planted with trees, and sepa- 
rated from the street by a high wall j here the convales- 
cent patients are permitted to exercise ; behind there are 
gardens, which are cultivated principally by the labour of 
the patients. 

There are six wards, three in each of the two buildings 
which run parallel to each other at right angles with the 
front, at a distance of 32 feet, and are 327 feet by 33, and 
three stories high. Each ward is divided into a corridor, 
its whole length, and cells opening from it ; the latter, 158 
in number, are 12 feet by 8, the corridor 325 by 14, and 
sufficiently lofty ; there are, besides openings from the 
corridor, in each ward two apartments, of 16 feet by 12, 
for the accommodation of chamber boarders, and two 
rooms for the keeper of the ward. The ventilation is 
good, and is principally effected by large open casements 
with gratings, at the northern end : there are fire-places 
in the corridors, and every possible contrivance is adopted 
for rendering the accommodations at once healthy and 
comfortable. Besides the apartments above mentioned, 
16 feet by 12, there are seven others appropriated to 
chamber boarders ; these are in the front building, and 
the occupants pay 100 guineas per annum, for which they 
have a servant for their own use exclusively. 

There is a second class of boarders, who pay sixty gui- 



232 RICHMOND LUNATIC ASYLUM. 

neas a year : they lodge in the wards, but have very excel- 
lent accommodation and attendance. 

The officers are a physician, surgeon, master, matron, 
and six ward-keepers. 

The Lord Primate, Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of 
Dublin, Deans of Christ-church and St. Patrick's, the state 
Physician, and the Surgeon General, are ex officio Gover- 
nors. No institution can be more judiciously managed 3 
for the expenditure, though great, is considerably within 
the income, and the governors have a large sum in advance. 
No assistance, whatever, is received from parliament. 

Richmond Lunatic Asylum, Brunswick-street. — 
The accommodation for lunatic patients in this city and 
the neighbouring parts of the country, having been found 
inadequate, it was determined by the legislature to direct 
the foundation of an institution which might be sufficient 
to receive all the cases, not provided for by other esta- 
blishments of the kind, not only in Dublin, but through- 
out the country. The cells attached to the House of In- 
dustry in Dublin, and to the different workhouses in the 
other towns through the kingdom, having formerly been 
the only receptacles for the wretched sufferers, and these 
being necessarily crowded, without any possibility of clas- 
sification, it was not to be expected that the medical and 
moral treatment of the disease should have proved gene- 
rally successful. The benevolent views of the legislative 
and executive governments have not been disappointed, 
for, as few institutions of the kind have been more pru- 
dently and judiciously conducted than this, so in few have 
the proportion of successful cases been greater. 

It is under the control of a Board of Governors - 3 and the 
chief officers are, a moral governor, a physician, and sur- 
geon. The institution was originally designed solely for 
pauper patients, but the Board have judiciously deter- 
mined not to deny its benefits to those whose families are 
in possession of moderate means, and who yet would be 
quite unable to bear the enormous expense of supporting 
their friends afflicted with this dreadful malady. This 
class of persons comprehends, perhaps, the most deserv- 
ing part of society, and, therefore, it is not only justify 
able, but highly laudable to attempt every means of af- 
fording them comfort. 



RICHMOND LUNATIC ASYLUM. 233 

The establishment accommodates 230 patients, whereof 
226 are paupers, and four contribute a small sum towards 
their maintenance; there are 198 cells, besides rooms con- 
taining two or three beds for convalescent patients, but 
occasionally a few more than this number can be accom- 
modated. 

In the treatment of the patients it is found, that a state 
of moderate exertion is best calculated to promote the re- 
turn of the mental powers ; and bodily exercise, as tend- 
ing 1 to invigorate the general system, is therefore 
adopted in all cases which permit it. The male patients 
are chiefly employed in the gardens and grounds. The 
number varies from twenty to thirty ; the number of fe- 
males from forty to fifty ; these are" generally occupied in 
spinning, knitting, mending and making clothes, washing 
in the laundry, &c. 

The only modes of coercion permitted here are the im- 
position of the arm-straps, the muff, strait-waistcoat, soli- 
tary seclusion, and degradation from one class of patients 
to another. 

Religious instruction has been introduced in such a 
manner as to be least liable to produce mischief. All the 
patients who are capable of duly comprehending the ob- 
jects of prayer, are regularly assembled for that purpose 
and it is observed by the moral governor, that many 
of the most unruly, noisy, and talkative, have res- 
trained themselves in a remarkable degree, after having' 
been permitted to attend family prayer. Religious books 
have been (with the greatest caution) distributed in seve- 
ral instances, and their use has always been attended with 
advantage. 

No person can be admitted as a pauper patient without 
a medical certificate of insanity, an affidavit of poverty, 
and a certificate of the moral governor of a vacancy : 
printed forms of the certificate and affidavit are to be had 
of the moral governor at the asylum. 

Independently of the asylums for the insane already no- 
ticed, there are several in the vicinity of Dublin which are 
devoted to the accommodation of persons of fortune, one 
of these is established at Glasnevin. There is also one 
near Donnybrook, supported by the society of Friends, 
and designed for patients of their own sect ; this institu- 

x3 



234 DUBLIN GENERAL DISPENSARY. 

tion is, however, about to be enlarged, so as to admit 
those of all classes, and of every religious profession. 



DISPENSARIES. 



Of institutions of this kind, there are a great number; 
which, with a single exception (the Talbot Dispensary), 
are supported by private contributions, without any as- 
sistance from government. 

The Talbot Dispensary is attached to the House of 
Industry, and is intended for the relief of such of the in- 
mates of that establishment, as are unfit to be sent to the 
different infirmaries attached to it, as well as for appli- 
cants from all parts of the north-western extremity of 
Dublin ; it is attended every morning by one physician and 
two surgeons. 

St. Mary's and St. Thomas's Dispensary, Coles- 
Lane, Henry-Street. — This was the first Dispensary 
ever established in Dublin ; attendance three days in the 
week, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. There are four 
physicians and two surgeons, who perform the duty in 
turn, exclusively of the consulting physicians. 

Dublin General Dispensary, Fleet-Street. — This 
Dispensary was founded in 1/82, and was designed for 
the relief of the whole city ; but the several establishments 
of the same kind, since instituted, have somewhat con- 
tracted the sphere of its general action. There are six 
physicians, exclusive of a consulting physician, and the 
same number of surgeons. 

The latter attend the Dispensary daily, the former three 
days in a week at eleven o'clock (Monday, Wednesday, 
and Friday), in their turn, one physician and one surgeon 
attending the house practice for a month at a time. The 
whole city is divided into six districts, to each of which a 
physician and surgeon are attached, whose duty it is to 
visit at their own homes such patients as may be unable to 
attend at the Dispensary. 

Subscribers of one guinea annually, or life subscribers 
of five guineas, are eligible as governors, Twelve of the 



VACCINE INSTITUTION. 235 

subscribers, in conjunction with the twelve medical officers, 
form the Board of Governors. 

A branch of the Humane Society is held at this institu- 
tion ; the Board consists of the medical men of this insti- 
tution, those of Steevens's Hospital, the physician and 
surgeon-general, the Lord Mayor, &c. 

Meath Dispensary, or Sick-poor Institution. — This 
institution was opened in 1 794, in Meath-street, and was 
designed for the relief of the poor of the earl of Meath's 
liberty, comprising four parishes, where the population is 
more numerous, and the poverty of the lower orders more 
extreme, than in other parts of the city. 

The medical department consists of six physicians and 
one surgeon, the former attend daily in turn, the latter 
visits the institution each day, both* from eleven to two 
o'clock. These officers, until iately, had salaries from the 
institution proportioned to the length of their services. 

Persons paying ten guineas are Governors for life; 
annual subscribers of one guinea, or more, are Governors 
for the year. 

Vaccine Institution.' — This institution was opened 
January 14th, 1804, at 62, Saekville-street, for the purpose 
of vaccinating gratuitously the children of the poor, for 
which purpose the secretary, or his assistant, both of 
whom are physicians of very considerable experience at- 
tend twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays), from twelve 
to three o'clock. The numbers of applicants have been, 
from the first, very considerable, and it is gratifying to ob- 
serve, that they are annually increasing. Very few failures 
have occurred in those who had been there inoculated ; 
and out of the immense number of individuals vaccinated 
at the institution, the Directors admit the occurrence of 
no more than four cases of genuine small-pox, none of 
which proved fatal. 

The establishment is supported in a great degree by pri- 
vate contributions, and by the profits arising from the 
sale of the vaccine matter 3 packets of which may be 
had in any part of the kingdom, free of postage. The 
assistance derived from government is exceedingly trifling -, 
perhaps in no institution was there ever so much pub- 
lic utility produced at so small an expense to the commu- 
nity. 



236 FINE ARTS, 

The only officer who receives a salary is the secretary, 
on whom, or his assistant, devolves the entire labour of 
the institution. 

His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant is patron. 

Besides the Dispensaries already mentioned, there are 
several of minor note, which are of great advantage to the 
poor, in the different parts of the city. Among them are, 
the Charitable Institution, Kildare-street ; the National 
Eye Infirmary, North Cumberland-street $ Saint Mary's 
Hospital, Ormond Quay, &c. 



FINE ARTS, 

Though Ireland has produced many eminent artists 
(painters particularly), yet the Arts are, comparatively 
speaking, almost in a state of infancy in the metropolis 
of the kingdom. There is either a want of sufficient taste 
amongst the Irish gentry, or the country is too poor to 
afford support or existence to professions not absolutely 
necessary. 

It cannot be urged, that neglect, on the part of govern- 
ment, in not patronizing the Arts, is one of the chief ope- 
rating causes against their advancement, for no charter, or 
patronizing name, could correct the taste of the country, 
if it were impure, or compel the public to purchase thou- 
sands of very inferior works, for the desperate chance of 
what some distant period might produce. 

As the Royal Academy in London was founded so late as 
1768, the Irish artists need not be very loud in their com- 
plaints, or very indignant at not being incorporated until 
1823, and perhaps the artists of Dublin are not quite 
correct in attributing such magical effects to a royal charter 
upon persons in their present circumstances; but this 
question does not properly belong to our subject. There 
are about fifty artists resident in Dublin, of whom not more 
than six or eight live by what is termed the legitimate ex- 
ercise of their art. Let it not be concluded from the pre- 
ceding observations, that the exertions of the Dublin 
Society, to rescue the arts from neglect, have been totally 



FINE ARTS. 237 

ineffectual, for, in their academies, many distinguished 
artists have received the rudiments of their education ; and 
if the fostering hand of a great and noble institution 
were to protect dawning genius, until its brilliancy became 
sufficient to emit a strong and permanent lustre, the ends 
of its establishment would be fully answered. Initial or 
elementary instruction is all that can be expected from the 
Society's schools, which is quite sufficient for future me- 
chanics and traders, and so far the utility of their academies 
is universally acknowledged. 

Numerous attempts have been made to establish annual 
exhibitions of painting and sculpture, and, previously to 
the year 1800, they were highly creditable to the artists of 
Ireland $ but, since that period, they have been irregular, 
and the collections unpromising. 

In 1 764, the artists associated and erected a large and 
handsome edifice in William-street called the " Exhibi- 
tion Room ;** but the profits of the exhibitions were 
not sufficient to pay the interest of the debentures issued 
to create a building fund ; and the house devolved to their 
agents, who had advanced considerable sums for its comple- 
tion. 

The next exhibition, presented to the public, was held 
in the House of Lords, by the permission of Lord Hard- 
wick. Not many years after, his Grace the Duke of 
Richmond, then Lord Lieutenant, instituted a Society of 
Arts, and an exhibition was held under his patronage, in 
1810, in the Dublin Society's house, Hawkins'-street 
(now the New Theatre Royal), at which several works of 
merit appeared. Dissensions amongst the artists them- 
selves, at this period, considerably abated the warmth of 
public feeling towards them, and a new society was insti- 
tuted, under the patronage of his present Majesty (then 
Prince Regent), for exhibiting the works of the Old 
Masters. These exhibitions also were held in the Dublin 
Society's house in Hawkins'-street, but have been discon- 
tinued since the removal to Leinster House, where no col- 
lection, either of the Old Masters, or of Living Artists, 
has ever been exhibited. 

In 1821, an exhibition of painting and sculpture was 
held in the Public Rooms attached to the Royal Arcade, 
in College-green, which did not prove very attractive. It 



238 ROVAL HIBERNIAN ACADEMY, ke. 

may not be uninteresting to name some of the distin- 
guished artists who incorporated themselves with their 
brethren in London ; amongst them are Barrett, Peters, 
Barry, Shee, Mulready, Thompson, &c. Many of equal, 
and some of superior talent, never thought it expedient 
to withdraw from their native city, viz. Hamilton, Ash- 
ford, Roberts, Comerford, to which list might with truth 
be added, the name of the distinguished artist, from whose 
drawings the engravings for this work were made. 

Royal Hibernian Academy of Painting, Sculpture, 
and Architecture. — A barren charter of Incorporation 
was granted to the Artists of Ireland, August 5th, 1823. 
Erin's unlucky genius, was incautious for a moment, when 
a burst of light flowed in upon the dark age of the Arts in 
Ireland, and has now diffused its rays so extensively and so 
substantially, that, in all human probability, her baneful 
occupation is gone for ever. The merit of watching the op- 
portunity is due to Francis Johnston, Esq., a name already 
belonging to posterity, as the classic productions of his 
architectural genius, scattered so judiciously amidst the 
elegant public buildings of Dublin, sufficiently testify. 
By the erection of an academy, at his own private expense, 
Mr. Johnston has raised for himself a monument such as 
the pride of kings could not confer, and has left to poste- 
rity a name to be cherished and revered while the Arts 
shall have an existence in the land. The Academy consists 
of a patron (the King), vice patron (the Lord Lieu- 
tenant), president (F. Johnston, Esq.), ten academicians, 
and eight associates, from amongst whom, upon vacancies, 
future academicians are to be chosen. 

The building is erected on a plot of ground in Abbey-street, 
the fee of which has been purchased by the munificent 
founder of the Academy; and it is after a design by himself. 
The elevation consists of three stories : in the basement 
there is a loggia or recess, ornamented by two fluted columns, 
of the Doric order, supporting the first story; over the en- 
trance is a head of Palladio, representing Architecture; over 
the window on the right, one of Michael Angelo, represent- 
ing Sculpture, and on the left, of Raphael, emblematic 
of "Painting. These are by J. Smyth, Esq., an associate. 
Passing through an entrance-hall, and ascending a broad 
flight of steps, the first exhibition room (40 feet by 20, 






ROYAL HIBERNIAN ACADEMY, &c 239 

and intended for water-colour drawings) is entered : this 
communicates by a large arch-way with the great saloon, 
for the exhibition of oil paintings, 50 feet by 40, lighted 
by a lantern whose sashes are inclined to the horizon at 
an angle of 45 degrees, whereby the light is diffused over 
that part of the wall only on which the paintings are to be 
suspended, and the spectator is left completely in the shade. 
A very ingeniously contrived octagonal staircase leads to 
the council-room, keeper's-apartments, &c, which are all 
in the front building. — The first stone of this edifice was 
laid on the 29th of April, 1824, by F.Johnston, Esq.; 
and on a copper plate, which was firmly bedded in 
the stone, was the following inscription: — " Anno. Dom. 
M.DCCC.XXJV. His Most Gracious Majesty, George 
the Fourth, King of the United Kingdoms of Great Britain 
and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c, having by his 
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the 5th August, 1823, 
incorporated the Artists of Ireland, under the name of 
' The Royal Hibernian Academy of Painting, Sculpture, 
and Architecture/ Francis Johnston, Esq., Architect, one 
of the members of that body, munificently founded this 
building for their use, to form a National School of Art : 
and laid this, the first stone, April 29th, 1824, the day ap- 
pointed for the celebration of his Majesty's birth, in the 
presence of the Academy," Then follow the names of the 
original members. — Messrs. Carolan were the builders.— 
The first exhibition tooh place in May, 1825, 



240 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS BY THE OLD 
MASTERS. 



Lord Char lemon? s Collection^ Palaee^row, 

Portrait of himself , Rosabella. 

St. John in the Wilderness Correggio. 

Judas throwing down the pieces of silver Rembrandt. 

Caesar Borgia Titian. 

Musicians •.. Michael Angelo Caravaggio. 

Lord Aylesbury Sir Joshua Reynolds. 

Head of St. Peter Vandyke. 

Fruit-pieces Michael Angelo del Campidoglio. 

Gates of Calais Hogarth. 

Lady's Last Stake Ditto. 

Harlot's Progress, (second subject) Ditto. 

Mrs. Woffington - < Ditto. 

Two sea views .*..... Wright, of Derby. 

Landscape Claude Lorrain. 

Venus chiding Cupid « Sir Joshua Reynolds. 

Justice, (a portrait) Giorgione m 

An old man's head Hogarth. 

Earl of Famharri's Palace- row, Rutland- square. 

Duke and Duchess of Lerma Velasquez 

Landscapes Gasper Poussin* 

Ditto Gainsborough 

Venus extracting a thorn from her foot Paul Veronese. 

Prodigal Son's Return , Romanelli 

Landscapes Loutherbourg, 

Ditto Ricci. 

Woman taken in Adultery Caravaggio* 

The Marquis of TVaterford's, Marlborough-street. 

The Woman of Samaria Lanfranc. 

Martyrdom of St. Sebastian Baroccio. 

Sea-port B. Peters. 

Battle-piece Breydel. 

Ditto Ditto. 

Diana and the death of Action » Filippo Lippi, 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 241 

Diana preparing for the chase Filippo Lippi. 

Wise Men's Offering Tenters. 

Cattle ........ Wouvermans. 

Landscape Tenters. 

Holy Family ,,......., Caracci. 

David bearing the head of Goliah * Simo?i de Vos. 

Marriage of Canaan Ditto. 

Dead Christ Quintin Matsys, (the Smith of Antwerp). 

A Magdalen Rubens. 

Allegorical piece, the Virgin and Child Vandyke. 

Cattle and figures Francisco Castiglione. 

Ditto Ditto. 

Landscape and figures ,. Lucatelli. 

Banditti Gambling , Paul Potter. 

Sylvan figures ..., P. Battoni after Rubens and. Sneyders. 

St. Jerome Rothenhamer and Vinkenbooms. 

Holy Family Carlo Maratti. 

Annunciation Ditto. 

Landscape and figures D. Adens. 

Ditto , Michan. 

Two portraits ,, P. D. Bray. 

The Hon. and Rev. Mr. Pomeroy's, Merr ion- square, North. 

The Grecian Daughter Guercino. 

Christ bearing his Cross , Murillo. 

Flute-player = Velasquez. 

Diana and Nymphs Titian. 

Sea-view Claude. 

Landscape and figures Tenters. 

Ditto and cattle , Ditto* 

Landscape , Salvator Rosa. 

Ditto , Ditto. 

St. Sebastian < Vandyke. 

This is considered the finest collection in Dublin. 

William John Moore's, Esq., Rutland-square. 

Ecce Homo * Guido. 

Italian Peasants Piazzetti. 

Charles I. (three views of his countenance in the same piece, done 
for Bernini the sculptor, in order to give him a perfect idea of 
the head and face) Vandyke. 

Marriage of St. Catherine >..Xorreggio. 

Sea-piece (calm) W. Vandervelde. 

Noah entering the ark Teniers. 

Fountain and horses fVouvermam. 

y 



242 PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 

Interior of a Cottage and figures, by candlelight Rembrandt, 

Draft of Fishes . Rubens. 

Old Man and interior , Gerard Dow. 

Interior of a cathedral Peter Neefs. 

With nearly one hundred more of great excellence. 

Provost's house, Graf ton-street* 

Nero contemplating the dead body of his mother Dome- 
stic hi no. 

St. John ^,. ..i.... Paul Veronese* 

Old man's head Spagnoletto, 

Holy Family, (baptism) Titian, 

With a number of portraits of distinguished literary characters. 

Francis Johnston's, esq., Eccles-street* 

This is a most extensive and beautiful collection, and disposed 
more advantageously than any other in Dublin. The principal 
works are hung in their proper lights in a rotunda, at the rear of 
Mr. Johnston's house, erected for this purpose expressly ; and 
the arrangement bears ample testimony to the taste of this very 
eminent artist. The following is but a brief extract from Mr. 
Johnston's catalogue :— 

St. Mark's Place, during the Carnival Canaletti. 

Waterfall in Switzerland Gesner. 

The Seasons ,. Bassan. 

Battle c Wouvermaus. 

Wise Men's Offering Albert Dnrer. 

Bovs blowing bubbles, and two others , Murillo. 

Cattle Paul Potter. 

Angel appearing to the Shepherds Albert Cuyp. 

Cattle and Shepherd*. , Rosa da Tivoli. 

Basket-maker Michael Angelo Caravaggio. 

St. Peter ..... Rubens, 

St. Augustine « Lanfranc. 

Female Miser Quintin Matsys. 

St. Francis .... < Guido. 

St. Jerome N. Poussin, 

And several Landscapes by S. Rosa, Barrett, and Fernet. 

Major Sirr's, Dublin Castle. 

The following sketch is too brief to give an adequate idea of 
the importance of this extensive collection: — 

Venus and Adonis (purchased in Rome by Lord Bristol) Titian- 



PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS, 243 

Susannah and the Elders , ,.' GioYgione. 

Death of Cato ...... Salvator Rosa. 

Adoration of the Shepherds M Murillo. 

St. Sebastian Guido. 

Landscape and figures ..< . ... Claude. 

Rape of Helen N* Poussin. 

Tobit and Angel ,. S. Rosa* 

Christ disputing in the Temple Eckhout. 

Sea-port with storm and lightning .,... Rembrandt. 

Christ bearing the cross Rubens. 

Landscapes by S. Rosa and the younger Tenters. 

Original design from his windows near Richmond Sir J. 

Reynolds. 

Curtius leaping into the gulph Paul Veronese. 

Christ in the Sepulchre « Guercino. 

Man on horseback with landscape Wouvermans. 

The Virgin Albert Durer. 

And several landscapes by Hobbima, Wilson, and G. Poussin. 

Jo/in Boyd'' s,.JEsr/., Stephen's- green, South. 

St. Andrew Annibal Caracci. 

Martyrdom of St. Sebastian Guercino. 

Altar-piece Albert Durer. 

Abraham and Isaac ;.... Diepenbeke. 

Dutch Fair , A. Cuyp. 

A Skirmish of Cavalry * Vander Meulen. 

A Storm ■. ** Backhuysen. 

View in Venice * Canaletti. 

Woman taken in adultery • Franks- 

Scourging of Christ Vanderwerf. 

Scene from Don Quixote , , Hogarth. 

Landscape (with banditti; S. Rosa. 

Ditto ^ Francisco Bolognese. 

Ditto. Van Goyen. 

With many beautiful portraits by Tintoretto and others. 

Alderman Cash-s, Rutland-square* 

Two large landscapes (painted in Rome) ..»».. Jacob Moore. 

The Royal Family < Zoffani 

There are in this collection several landscapes by Luca Giordano, 
Brueghel, Van Egmont, Barrett, and Gilpin ; and a Berg ham, a 
very fine Moucheron, with figures by Vandervelde ; besides a 
number of cabinet pictures, and some of the best productions of 
the present Irish artists. 



244 PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF PAINTINGS. 



Henry Manning' s> Esq,, Grenvi lie-street. 

Virgin and Child , Raphael. 

Portrait of a Burgomaster Rembrandt. 

A Magdalen - Caracci. 

Sea-piece ♦ Vernet. 

Landscape Swanefeld. 

Lady Harriet Daly's, Henrietta-street. 

The Assumption Murillo. 

Cleopatra , Barroccio. 

Portrait of Himself Rembrandt. 

A Magdalen « ,. Guido. 

Virgin and Child Caracci. 

St. Francis Ditto. 

Richard Power's, Esq., Kildare-street. 

The Woodman (copied in worsted by Miss Linwood) ... Barker. 

Landscape and Cattle ,, Murillo. 

Ditto Ditto. 

Cattle Bassan. 

Portrait ,* E. Serani. 

Charity C. Cignani. 

Ruins m ,..,..„ Viviani* 

Landscape A. Kauffmann. 

Rev. Mr. Seymour's, Baggot-street. 

Landscape Hobbima. 

Lot and his Daughters Van Niel. 

Landscape ... , Ruysdael. 

Ditto Glauber, and Lairesse. 

Ditto „ , Breenberg. 

Abraham sacrificing Isaac ..., Tintoretto. 

Marriage of St. Catherine Correggio. 

Resurrection Pordenone. 

Holy Family , Andrea del Sarto* 

Landscape and cattle Cuyp. 

Ditto , ,, Berghem. 

Town on Fire Vanderneer. 

This small collection, consisting of about one hundred pictures, 
of a cabinet size, contains many other beautiful specimens of good 
masters. 



ENVIRONS OP DUBLIN, 245 

Thomas Manning, EsqrSs Collection, No. 2, Gyenville-street. 

The Discovery of Achilles » Nicolo Poussin. 

Susannah and the Elders Domenichino. 

Christ and the Woman of Samaria « Albano. 

Madonna and Child , ,...., , Raphael. 

David beholding Bathsheba Albert Durer, 

(One of the finest pictures of this master) 

The Shepherds Offering , Murillo* 

Portrait of Swalmius Retnbrandt* 

Interior of a Guard Room Tenters. 

Sea-piece ....> * Vandervelde. 

Italian Landscape and Figures SivanefelcL 



ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN. 

The City of Dublin is encompassed by two canals, 
communicating with the Liffey, near its mouth, on the 
north and south sides, where extensive docks are attached 
to them. Upon passing the canal bridge, on the north 
side of the city, a flat but highly improved country is ex- 
panded to the view. On the road leading to Howth har- 
bour, not far from Clontarf, is Marino, the seat of the 
Earl of Charlemont, consisting of about 100 acres richly 
wooded ; in the centre of which stands the Casino, a 
beautiful structure, designed by Sir W. Chambers, and 
a rich specimen of Italian architecture. In this demesne 
there are several objects worth the attention of the visitor, 
viz. the hermitage, Rosamond's bower, &c. 

In the neighbourhood is Killester, the seat of the late 
Lord Newcomen, a beautiful demesne of about 50 acres, 
with an excellent house. In the garden are graperies and 
pineries of great extent. Near the village of Clontarf, 
about one mile from Killester, stands Clontarf Castle, the 
seat of George Vernon, Esq., a stately edifice, possessing 
noble apartments, excellent gardens, and surrounded by 
a highly-improved demesne, A few miles farther to the 
north is Malahide Castle, the seat of Colonel Talbot, 
M. P. for the County of Dublin. This ancient building, 
and the grounds attached to it, were given to the Talbots 
by Henry II. : much care and pains are taken to preserve 
y 3 



246 ENVIRONS OF DUBLIN. 

that air of antiquity, which every object about this in- 
teresting spot possesses. The oak parlour is not only a 
great curiosity, but a strong testimony of the skill and 
address of artists in the days of other times. 

Turvey House and Park, formerly the seat of Lord 
Kingsland, but now belonging to the Trimleston family, 
is an extensive and thickly wooded demesne, but no farther 
interesting. There is another magnificent residence at the 
north side of the city, three miles from Dublin, Santry, 
the seat of Sir Compton Domville, Bart. 

Near Malahide, is the Church of St. Dolough, an object 
of great interest to the antiquary ; this ancient building, 
which is roofed with stone, and in excellent preservation, 
is of such a style of architecture as to render it a matter 
of considerable difficulty to reconcile the date of its erec- 
tion with any exact period : there are many holy wells of 
various forms and properties around. 

On the hill of Howth, which is such a prominent fea- 
ture in the scenery at the north side of the city, is Howth 
Castle, the seat of the Earl of Howth : the house is an 
ancient castle modernized, and much disfigured by being 
so constantly and carefully white-washed. In the resi- 
dence of this ancient and noble family, some relics of the 
greatness and heroism of their ancestors are still pre- 
served : here may be seen the double-handled sword, with 
which Sir Tristram committed such havock amongst the 
Danes. 

The Abbey of Howth is a beautiful and interesting ruin, 
and contains some curious tombs ; on the island of Ire- 
land's Eye, about three quarters of a mile from the pier 
head, are the ruins of an Abbey built by St. Nessau in 
570. Upon this little detached piece of land, there is a 
castellated rock, which, seen from the shore, never fails 
to deceive the stranger ; and on the shore along which the 
Dublin road winds, are the ruins of Kilbarrick Abbey. 

To the south of Dublin lies a country not exceeded by 
any outlet in the empire, a spacious inclined plane reach- 
ing from the foot of the mountains to the sea side, thickly 
studded with villages, lodges, castles, desmesnes, villas, 
&c, from Dublin' to the "base of Sugar-loaf Hill, a dis- 
tance of twelve Irish miles. 

The villages of Black Rock and Dunleary (now King's 



ENVIRON* OF DUBLIN. 24? 

Town) have long and deservedly been celebrated as bathing 
places, and the retreat of the citizens on Sundays. Near 
Black Rock are innumerable seats, commanding- delightful 
sea and mountain views, the most splendid of which is 
Mount Merrion, the seat of—- — Verschoyle, Esq.; the de- 
mesne, which is enclosed by a high wall, contains 100 
acres beautifully wooded, and commands a view of the 
whole County of Dublin, part of the County of Wicklow, 
with the scalp in the fore-ground, and, in cloudless 
weather, the mountains of the County Down may be dis- 
tinctly seen from these grounds. 

Sans Souci, the seat of Mr. Latouche ; Leopard's Town, 
the residence of Lord Castle-Coote ; Stillorgan, and many 
other equally magnificent demesnes, adorn this neighbour- 
hood. 

More to the west are Rathfarnham Castle, formerly oc- 
cupied by the Marquis of Ely, whose property it is ; 
Bushy Park, the seat of Sir Robert Shaw, Bart*, M. P. 
for the City of Dublin ; Marley, the seat of the Right 
Honourable* David Latouche ; and Holly Park, the pro- 
perty of L. Foote, Esq. 

Along the banks of the Liffey, west of the city, is a 
beautiful vein of country, in which are some very elegant 
demesnes and splendid mansions. Leixlip Castle and the 
Salmon Leap are romantic and beautiful objects, and the 
Aqueduct thrown across the Rye, by the Royal Canal 
Company, is a great artificial curiosity, being 100 feet 
high. Near to Dublin, along the banks of the river, are 
several very beautiful plantations and residences. Her- 
mitage, formerly the seat of Colonel Hanfield, is particu- 
larly picturesque and romantic ; and Palmerstown, one of 
the seats of the Right Honourable Lord Donoughmore, is 
a princely dwelling. 

Luttrils Town, or Woodlands, the seat of Col. White, 
formerly the property of Lord Carhampton, is one of the 
most extensive demesnes in the county of Dublin. 

The Phoenix Park, the country seat of his Excellency 
the Lord Lieutenant, and several of the household, is a 
tract of land of about 1,000 acres. It was first laid down 
by King Charles II. (1662), who was in possession of that 
part of the lands of Kilmainham which was surrendered 
to the Crown (32 Henry YIIL, Nov. 2nd.), by Sir Joha 



248 ENVIRONS OF BTJBL1N, 

Rawson, Knight, Prior of Kilmainliam, upon the sup rf 
pression of the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem [see 
Royal Hospital]. James Duke of Ormond, then Lord 
Lieutenant, purchased, in pursuance to the desire of his 
Majesty, the lands of Phoenix and Newtown, containing 
467 acres, to acid to the lands of Kilmainliam, in order to 
extend the park; also a farther quantity of 441 acres 
from Sir Maurice Eustace, Knight, Lord Chancellor of 
Ireland, part of the lands of Chapel Izod. Many other 
town lands were then purchased, and united into that 
enclosure now called Phoenix Park (from the town land 
of that name), which was the first purchased, and to 
which all the others were added. 

The Park extended on both sides of the Liffey, and 
was in consequence much exposed to trespasses, upon 
which it was determined to enclose the part on the north 
side of the river; this, Sir John Temple (afterwards 
Lord Palmerstown), undertook to perform, on condition 
of being paid 200/. out of the Treasury, and a grant 
being* made to him of all the land excluded by the Park- 
wall from the Dublin-gate to Chapel Izod, which condi- 
tions were assented to by his Majesty. The land on the 
other bank of the river was granted by his Majesty for 
the purpose of erecting the Royal Hospital upon, and was 
henceforth excluded from Phoenix Park. 

The first Ranger of the Park was appointed by Charles 
II., and in 1751, the Right Honourable Nathaniel Cle- 
ments, Ranger, father of Lord Leitrim, built a hand- 
some lodge for his own residence, which was purchased 
from him by government in 1784, as a mansion for the Lord 
Lieutenant, since which time it has been enlarged and 
beautified, so that its present appearance is not unworthy 
of the improved taste of this age. This was the residence 
of his Majesty during his visit to Dublin in 1821. Near 
the entrance to the Vice-regal Lodge, is a Corinthian 
column, thirty feet in height, in the centre of a circular 
plat of ground, enclosed by iron railing ; this was erected 
in 1745, by Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, 
then Lord Lieutenant, who also improved and beautified 
the whole Park. On the summit of the column is a 
Phoenix, from which it is supposed the Park borrows its 
name -, but the figure was rather a consequence than a cause 



ENVIRONS OP DUBLIN. 249 

of this appellation, as is obvious from what has been 
mentioned relative to the origin of this spacious demesne. 

Opposite the Vice-regal Lodge, is the residence of the 
Chief Secretary, inferior in point of elegance, but both 
a comfortable and elegant residence. 

There is a large plain of about fifty acres, perfectly 
level, where the troops are reviewed on his Majesty's 
birth day, and on field-days : here is the Hibernian School, 
for the education and maintenance of soldiers' children, 
established by Lord Townsend in 1767, which accommo- 
dates 400 boys, and near 200 girls ; and has a church at- 
tached, where one of his Excellency's chaplains officiates. 

There are other interesting objects in this Park, two of 
which have already been described, viz. the Wellington 
Testimonial, and the Royal Infirmary ; and near the 
Dublin entrance to the Vice-regal Lodge, in the bottom 
of a wooded glen, is a Chalybeate Spa, with pleasure 
grounds, and seats for invalids, laid out at the expense of 
the Dowager Duchess of Richmond, for the public benefit. 
In a Moss house adjacent to the spring is a small tablet 
with this inscription : 

This Seat 

Was given by Her Grace 

Charlotte, Duchess of Richmond, 

For the health and comfort 

Of the Inhabitants of Dublin, 

Aug. 12th, 1813. 

Thus has the reader been trespassed upon, in a work 
professing to be an historic view of the city, with a brief 
sketch of the County itself, of which, though not the 
professed object of this volume, as it contains the Metro- 
polis of Ireland, he will excuse the introduction. 

In the little Volume now laid before the Public, there 
will necessarily be discovered many imperfections ; but 
when the Reader takes the trouble of investigating how 
many original articles, the result of local knowledge and 
observation, have been introduced, he will probably 
acknowledge, that much also has been accomplished, 



250 



'BANKS. 

Shaw's Bank.— Sir Robert Shaw, Bart. M. P., T. Need- 
hani, and Ponsonby Shaw, Esqrs. bold their Bank in 
Foster-place, College-green, opposite the west front of 
the Bank of Ireland. Here bills are discounted, and pri- 
vate notes and post bills issued. 

Latouche's Bank, Castle-street issues post bills 
only. The bank is a large brick building of four stories in 
height, having the windows ornamented with architraves 
of cut stone. 

Finlay & Co's. Bank, Jervis-street. — This firm dis- 
counts, receives lodgments, and issues notes j none how- 
ever under 31. 

Ball's Bank, in Henry-street, next to the General 
Post Office, and but a few yards from Sackville-street. 
This bank issues notes, and transacts all other species of 
b ank ing business. 

Belfast Bank. — The notes of Gordon and Co. are 
payable at Watson and Law's counting-house, 39, Upper 
Sackville-street, between the hours of ten and two, each 
day. 



251 
RATES OF CARRIAGES. 



All Public Carriages are under the control of the Magis- 
trates of the Head Police-Office (Exchange Court, Royal Ex- 
change), to whom complaints of misconduct against owners or 
drivers are to be preferred, within fourteen days after the offence 
is committed. 



Rates of Carriages. 

A Set Down within the Public- 
Lights 

For the first Hour 

For every Hour after. 

For Twelve Hours 



From 6 Morning to 12 
at Night. 



Coach, 
s. d. 

1 4 

2 
1 6 

J3 6 



J. Car, 
s. d. 

lOj 

1 H 

3 

6 6 



Sedan, 
s. d. 

6| 

1 1 
9 



From IS 


Night 


to 6 Morn. 


Coach. 


Sedan* 


s. d. 


s. d. 


2 


i H 


2 


i n 


2 


i H 



KATES OF CARRIAGES TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES. 



PLACES. 



Abbotstown 

Artane 

Ashbrook 

Bali's Bridge .... 

Belgart 

Bally ferrnot 

Ball) gall.. , 

Blackrock ...... 

Bluebell 

Booterstown .... 

Bellcamp 

Barberstown 

Belldoyle 

Bel griffin 

Brackenstown. . . . 

Brazil 

Bullock ........ 

Ballinteer 

Brenanstown .... 

Biackbush ...... 

Burton Hall .... 

Cabragh 

Clonskeagh 

Cardiff's Bridge . . 

Chapelizod , 

Church Town..., 

Castleknock 

Clontarf 

Clontarf Sheds . 

Coolock 

Crumlin .: 

Cloghran Ch. ... 

Clondaikin 

Clonee 

Cruagh. M »i«M» 



Coach. J.Car. 



s. d. 
3 5 
3 5 



2 Og 
5 5 

3 5 

3 5 

4 1 

2 Si 

3 5 

5 5 

7 5 

8 1 
5 5 

10 10 

10 10 

t\ 

5 

tj 



d. 



2 o£ 

2 85 

2 8^ 

3 5 
3 5 



10 10 
7 5.J 



1 4 
1 H5 



1 4| 

2 7* 



3 3 

2 7§ 

3 11 
3 11 
3 3 

2 71 

3 3 

1 111 



1 4 
1 7; 
1 4 

1 ni 

1 4 

1 Hi 

1 Hi 

1 4 
3 3 

2 r| 

3 11 

3 £ 



PLACES. 



Cursistream 

Collingstown 

Carrickmines , 

Cabinteely , 

Corkragh 

Croydon 

Hunsink 

Dolphins-barn-town 

Dargle (New) 

Donnycarney 

Donny brook 

D rumcondra 

Dubber 

Dnndrum 

Dnnleary 

Dalkey 

Fairview 

Finglas 

Finglas Bridge 
Fox and Geese 

Feltrum * . . . 

Forrest...... • 

Fir House 

Godley Green 

Glasnevin.......... 

Glanageary * 

Glenville 

Hampstead ........ 

Harold's'cross 

Hall's bam 

Howth ............ 

Huntstown 

Irish-town 

Johnstown ........ 

James Town ..«.»< 



Coach, 
s. d. 



8 If 



J.Car, 

s. d. 
2 7£ 

2 ff 

3 3 
3 3 
2 *£ 

1 4 

1 ui 

1 4 

2 7£ 

! t 

\ 4 

1 ui 

2 7i 

3 3 



§i 



1 


4 


1 


»* 


3 


11 


3 


2 


2 


»* 


1 


114 


1 


4 


3 


3 


2 


r 


1 


4 


1 


4 


1 


4 


3 


11 


1 


11* 


l 


4 


i 


4 


i 


Mft 



252 



RATES OF CARRIAGES. 



PLACES. 



Island Bridge •»•••••■ 

luldonan 

Ki J Jester 

Kimmage .......... 

Rilgobbin 

Kilternan 

Kill of Grange 

K nocksedau ........ 

Kilmacud ......... . 

Kishoge ............ 

Knock! you ........ 

Laughiinstown ...... 

Leixlip 

Larkfield 

Lucan [Woodlands 
Luttrilstown, or 

Merrion *. 

Milltowii .......... 

IVlt. pel. Parade (B.R.) 
Mt. pel. place (B.R.) 
Mt. pel. Bow (B. R.) 
Mount Merrion ...... 

Malahide.... 

Monkstovvn ........ 

Mulhuddart ........ 

Merville 

Mount Venus ........ 

IN ewtown Avenue .... 

INewbrook 

Newland ............ 

2s ew Park 

iNewtown Park ...... 

Newt. Hall's, Barn .. 
Jseilstown .......... 

Oldbawn 

Palmer stow n ^ ..... . 

Pigeon House. ....... 

Prior's Wood ........ 

Puckstown . , . . 

Pickardstown. ....... | 7 

Priest House . . . | 3 



Coach 
s.d. 



3 5 

2 11 
8 11 

10 10 

5 5 
10 10 

9 

9 

5 

10 10 

10 10 

4 9 
8 li 

6 81 

3 1J 

3 U 

4 6 
4 6 
4 G 
4 1 

10 10 



J. Car. 

s.d. 
1 4 
1 11| 
1 Hi 
1 11* 



5 5 
5 5 
4 1 
3 5 
4' 9 
2 8* 

5 



3 11 

2 n 

3 11 

2 7± 

2 1% 

3 ?i 

3 11 
3 11 

2 7§ 

3 3 
2 7i 

1 3i 

1 y 

2 6 

2 6 

1 71 

3 11 

2 7h 
2 71 

1 31 

2 7| 
1 11| 
o 71 
* i <z 



PLACES. 



Park Palce ....... 

Philipsburgh 

Phipsborough 

Raheny (Country). 
Kaheny (Strand) .... 
Rathfarnham ........ 

Rathmines 

Ringsend 

Rath gar 

Rockbrook 

K oche's town 

River sdale 

Royal Charter School 
Royal Hospital ...... 

Ranelagh .......... 

Richmond .......... 

Ship on the Strand .. 
Shoulder of Mutton . . 
Stormanstown ...... 

Simmons Court 

Sea Mount 

Sandymount ........ 

Springfield 

Saggard 

St. Doulough's ...... 

St. Catherine's ...... 

: St. Margaret's ...... 

Santry 

Sea Point (B. R .).... 

Somerton 

Stillorgan 

Swords ............ 

Templeogue 

Tallagh 

Taylor's Grange. . . , . . 

Tubberbony 

Terenure... 

Warren Houee 

Wheatfiekl 

Williamstown ...... 

Windy Harbour .... 



A Set Down to any Place adjoining the Royal or Grand 

Canals, from 6 in the Morning to 12 at ]Sight., 

Do. from 12 at JSight to 6 ill the Morning.,...., 



Coach J. Car, 

s.d. 
|0 10 
2 6 



5 5 

3 5 

2 6 

2 oi 

2 6£ 

? 5-, 

8 H 

2 i>l 

2 8^ 

2 0£ 

2 6 

2 6 

2 6 
5 5 

3 5 



5 

y 
7 
io 10 



6 Ql 

4 1 

a 5 

6 6 

4 9 

10 10 

4 1 

5 5 
4 9 
4 I 
3 1 
8 1 



3 5 
3 5 



Carriages are deemed on their Stand wherever met with, provided they be not 
at that Time actually engaged. 

03" • A Set Down implies going to any of the above places, and returning with 
be employer, provided there be uot a delay of more than fifteen minutes. 



ARCHITECTURAL SYNOPSIS. 



253 



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254 



ARCHITECTURAL SYNOPSIS. 



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ARCHITECTURAL SYNOPSIS. 



255 






o o t- o ©» 

e-4 th ,_, o Ci 

=C t- CO QO t- 



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fa Q P *S tf tf « 



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256 
INDEX. 



Page 
ACADEMY , Royal Irish ...... 39 

of Painting, &c 238 

Aldermen of Skinner's-alley .... 108 
Anatomy House (University) . . . • 18 

, School of.... £03 

Ancient History of Dublin 1 

Apothecaries'-Hall 204 

Aqueduct 247 

Asylums for the Blind •••• 131 

Magdalen 119 

Bow-street 120 

Townsend-street .......... ib. 

*— — Female Penitentiary ib. 

-—Widows ...121 

Female Servants. ......... 1 22 

- Pleasants'.... , 134 

Arcbiepiscopal Palace. . . • 50 

Artists, Living .. •• 238 

Ballast Office » 169 

Bank of Ireland 22 

Cash Office 23 

— — House of Commons 24 

— — House of Lords .......... ib. 

Printing House ...« 25 

Bank-notes, printing of ib. 

- Engraving Engine for ...... 26 

Bankers 250 

Baptists 101 

Barracks 149 

Bay of Dublin 5 

Belfast Bank 250 

Blind, Asylums for the ........ 131 

Simpson's Hospital........ ib. 

Richmond Institution...... 132 

■ Molineux Asylum ........ 133 

Blue-coat Hospital 194 

Botany- bay-square 19 

Botanic-garden, (College) 22 

(Dublin Society) 29 

Boyd's, Mr. Paintings at 243 

Brehon Laws • 160 

Bridewell 118 

Bridge, Carlisle 149 

Iron 150 

Essex ib. 

■ Richmond 151 

Wbitworth 152 

Queen's ib. 

Bloody ib. 

Sarah 153 

Canals 6 



Page 

Carlisle-bridge .... 149 

Cash's, Alderman, paintings at .. 243 

Cash-office at the Bank 23 

Cassels, ( Architect)...... 25, 154, 213 

Castle, The 6 

St. Patrick's.hall 7 

Chapel. 8 

Record Tower. . .......... 9 

Cathedral , St . Patrick's 42 

Monumenss ............. • 44 

Chapter. house............ 48 

St. Mary's Chapel ........ 49 

Christ Church 51 

- — Relics , 53 

Nave. ............. >..... 54 

Monuments .............. 55 

- Transept ........... ...... 57 

- Choir 58 

St. Mary's Chapel . , 59 

Chapels, Roman Catholic 85 

Metropolitan • 86 

> Arran Quay...... • 87 

Bridge. street 88 

James. street. ib. 

Francis.street ib. 

Liffey. street.... ib. 

- Anne street .............. 89 

Meath.street Q0 

Exchange.street ib. 

Townsend" street ...» m 92 

Denmark. street .......... 93 

Clarendomstreet ib. 

Adam and Eve 9* 

Church-street ib. 

Hard wick, street ib. 

Ebenezer 100 

Zion ib. 

Chambers, Sir W. (Archit.) 14, 16, 153 

Chamber of Commerce 185 

. Charitable Associations ........ 122 

Loan. 124 

Charlemont.house. 158 

Paintings at.... 240 

Church, St. Michael's 60 

St. John's 61 

St. Michan's.. 62 

St. Audoen's (or Owen's) . . 64 

St. Nicholas Without. . .... 65 

St. Peter's 66 

— — St. Kevin's 67 

St. Wer burgh's 68 

St. Mary's 70 



INDEX. 



257 



Church, St. Anne's ............ 71 

St. Bridget's 72 

— r— St. George's 73 

St. George's (Little) 75 

St. Thomas's ib . 

St. Catherine's 77 

— — St. James's 78 

St. Paul's 79 

— ~ St. N icholas Within . a , . . . 80 

St. Andrew's 81 

St. Luke's 8.3 

St. Mark's 84 

St. Stephen's Chapel 85 

Circular. road.. 6 

City A ssembly-house 107 

Marshalsea 114 

College, Trinity 14 

Chapel . % . . ib. 

— — Theatre 15 

— -r— Refectory ib. 

■ (Intended) Triumphal Arch 16 

— — Library ib. 

Fagel Library * . . 17 

Manuscript-room • ib. 

Fellow's Garden .......... 18 

Park ^ ib. 

■ Anatomy House ib. 

Printing-honse * • 19 

Provost's-house ib. 

Botany-bay-square ib. 

Museum 20 

Observatory 21 

• Botanic-garden .......... 22 

College of Physicians 197 

• Surgeons 199 

Column, Nelson 144 

Phoenix 248 

Coombe Hospital 20Q 

Commercial Buildings 183 

Common Council 107 

Convents 93 

Cooley, ( Architect).... Ill, 157, 178 

Corn-Exchange • 182 

Corporation 108 

County Goal 112 

Courts ..v.. ••••*•• 115 

Courts of Law , . 156 

Court, Prerogative ............ 163 

Consistoral .............. 164 

Admiralty ib. 

of Conscience ............ ib. 

Custom House 172 

Long Room 176 

Docks .................. ib. 

Day Schools 135 

Daly's, Lady H., Paintings at . . 244 

JDeaf and Dumb Institution , 126 



Deanery, St. Patrick's. . , , 50 

Christ Church...., 60 

Dispensary, Talbot 234 

St. Mary's, &c ib. 

p- Dublin General ib. 

. Meath 235 

Drawing School 30 

Dublin, Ancient History of ».,, l 

Site and extent of ....... . 4 

Bay of 5 

Institution 40 

— r- Library Society 41 

Penitentiary ............ 117 

Environs of 245 

Dublin Society 28 

Botanic Establishment .... 30 

Drawing School .......... ib, 

Hall... 31 

G allery of Statuary ...... „ , 32 

Inner Hall ib. 

Library 33 

Museum.- ib. 

Drawing Schools 38 

Engine for engraving Bank Notes 26 

Environs of Dublin 245 

Eustace street Meeting-house .... 99 

Exchange 178 

Excise , ib. 

Executive Government 9 

Exhibitions of Paintings 237 

Fagel Library 17 

Farming Society 38 

Farnham's, Earl of, Paintings at 240 

Fellows of Trinity College ...... 13 

Fine Arts . . . 4 236 

First-Fruits Board 164 

Friaries 93 

Fountain, Merrion-square ...... 141 

Fountains, removal of . . . , 170 

Four Court* 157 

Foundling Hospital 228 

Gan don, James (Architect),.. 22, 157, 
163, 176 (note), 178, 225 

Ga6 Light Company... 186 

George's Hill Nunnery ........ 95 

German Church .............. 103 

Glasnevin, botanic garden ...... 29 

Government, Executive ..,...., 9 

Municipal ..104 

Harold's Crois Nunnery • 96 

Hardwicke Fever Hospital ...... 216 

Hospital, Royal, Kilmainham .. 189 
Steevens's. 206 

Mercer's 208 

— — Meath ib. 

Coombe , 209 

z 3 



258 INDEX. 

Page 
Hospital, Lying-in ............ 210 

— — Westmoreland Lock ...... 215 

. St. Mark and St. Anne's .. 2J6 

Hardwick Fever.......... ib. 

« Sir Patrick Dim's ........ 219 

Whitworlh 222 

Richmond Surgical £23 

• St. George's • ib. 

■ Whit worth Fever • • • ib. 

St. Peter and St. Bridget . . 224 

Incurables ».... 226 

— — House of Industry 227 

Foundling ..„ 228 

St. Patrick's ,. 230 

House of Commons • • 24 

— — Lords .................. ib. 

Refuge 122 

Industry 227 

Howth 5 

Abbey 246 

-—Castle • ib. 

Improvements 170 

Incorporated Society 125 

Incurables, Hospital for £26 

Independents J 00 

Infirmary, Jer vis-street 205 

Royal Military 225 

Inns of Court 160 

Inn, Collet's ib. 

Preston's , . 161 

King's ib. 

Insane, Asylums for the .... 230, 232 

Institution, the Dublin 40 

Insurance (Marine and Commer- 
cial) Offices 185 

Ivory, (Architect) 194, 197 



Jews 103 

Johnston, F. (Architect) 8; 23, 68, 74, 

82, 119, 1^6, 1Q4 

— — Academy erected by ...... 238 

his Gallery of Paintings .... 242 

Keating, (Prior) ., 190 

Kilmainham Gaol 112 

Priory I89 

Royal Hospital ib. 

King's Inns l6l 

King- street Nunnery g5 

Kirk, (Sculptor)... 55 

Kirwanian Society 40 

Law Courts , 155 

Latouchc's Bank , . 250 

Lectures, at the Dublin Society . . 28 
Medical 198 

> Botanical....... ., 399 

Lectures, at Surgeon's College.. 200 
at Apothecaries' Hall 204 



Page- 
Lectures on Midwifery 2 L 2 

Clinical 221 

Leskean Museum 30, 36 

Library, Trinity College 16 

Fagel 17 

Dublin Society 33 

Royal Irish Academy . . . , 3g 

Dublin Institution ........ 40 

<-— Dublin Library Society .... 4i 

Marsh's. ib. 

Lighthouses 5, 169 

Linen and Yarn Hall 1 BG 

Lord Lieutenant's Establishment 10 

Lord Mayor 104 

Lucas, Dr. Charles 3 

Monument 63 

Statue 181 

Lunatic Asylum (St. Patrick's 

Hospital) 230 

- Kichmond 232 

Glasnevin 233 

Donnybrook ib. 

Lunatics, treatment of ib. 

Lying-in Hospital 210 

- Chapel 213 

Mack (Architect) 168 

Mac A lister, artist 3* 

Magdalen Asylum . 1 10 

Magistrates of Police 110 

Mails 165 

Maiahicie Castle 245 

Malton ., 157 

Manning's, Henry, Paintings at . • 244 

Thomas, ditto 245 

Manor, Thomas Court 1 16 

St. Sepulchre ib. 

Deanery of St. Patrick .... 117 

Mansion House , 1 05 

Round Room 106 

— — Exchequer ib. 

Sheriff's R 00m ib. 

Manuscripts at Trinity College .. 17 

Dublin Society 33 

Royal Irish Academy . , . . 39 

Seabright 73 

Marsh's Library 41 

Marine School 196 

Marino 245 

Marshalsea, City 114. 

Four Courts .............. ib. 

Meath-street Chapel 90 

Meath Charitable Society ...... 124 

• Dispensary , • 235 

Mendicity Society 124 

Merchant's Hall ., 108 

Mercer's Hospital , 23S 

Merrion Square 141 



IKDE X. 



Page 

Methodists. 100 

Mineralogical collection (Dublin 

Society) 30, 36 

Model of the Bank 24 

of the Bridge at Schaff hausen 33 

Molineux Asylum 133 

Monuments, viz. — 

Provost Baldwin 32 

Dr. Marsh 42 

Archbishop Smyth ib. 

Earl of Cavan .......... ib. 

John Ball 44 

Stella ib. 

Archbishop Tregury .... ib. 

Dean Swift ib. 

Dean Keating 45 

Bishop Meredith ib. 

Lord Rosse ib. 

Earl of Cork 47 

Viscou ntess Doneraile • • . . ib . 
Duke of Schomberg .... ib. 

Archbishop Jones 48 

Sir S. Anchmuty 55 

Thomas Prior .......... ib. 

Strongbow 56 

Lord Bowes ib. 

Lord Lifford * 57 

Bishop Ellis ib. 

Earl of Kildare 58 

Bishop Fletcher 5y 

Agard, F ib. 

Dr. Woodward ........ ib. 

Dr. Lucas 63 

Malone 65 

Hamilton, Lieut. Gen. .. 66 

Westby, Lieut ib. 

Eitzgibbon (Lord Clare) .. 67 
Bishop Tennison ........ 70 

Dr. Law « ib. 

Mrs. Chevenin ib. 

Dean Fletcher ib. 

Watson, W 71 

Miss Phibbs .... 71 

Mrs. Pleasants 73 

Lady Galbraitb... ........ 75 

Whitelaw Dr 78 

Mylne 76 

Ellis .., 79 

Butler ib. 

Mrs. Meade 80 

Colonel Ormsby ib. 

Dr. Betagh 91 

MooTe's, Mr., Paintings at 241 

Moravians 102 

Morrison Messrs. (architects) . . £'0 

Mosse, Dr 210 

Mount-Merrion ................ 217 



259 

Tag 



Museum, University. , . . 20 

Dublin Society 33 

Musical fund Society , 123 

kelson's Pillar 144 

Newgate m 

]STew Rooms 214 

Nicholas St. Without 65 

Nunneries Q5 

Observatory , 21 

Ogle, Rt. Hon. G., statue of .... 49 
Oldham's, Mr., Apparatus for 

Printing Bank Notes 25 

Orphan House. Female 133 

Schools, Female Masonic . . 13* 

Ossified Man is 

Ouzel Galley Association ...... 123 



Papworth (architect) .......... 

Park, College 

PFicsnix 

Paving Board 

Penitentiary, Dublin 

Richmond .............. 

Lock 

Dublin, Female 

Fhcsnix Park 

Column 

Physic, School of 

Physicians' College . .. 

' Association of.... 

Pictures, at the Dublin Society . . 

Lists of ,., 

Pipe Water Committee 

Pleasants, Mr. ...... 3/, 73, 134, 

Asylum ...., 

Police. 

Pomeroy's, Mr., Paintings at .... 
Portraits at Trinity College ...... 

Mansion House 

P. oyal Hospital 

Post Office 

Penny 

Powers, Mr., Paintings at 

Prerogative Court . ^ 

Presbyterians 

Preston's Inn 

Printing House, University 

Bank 

Presses for Bank-notes .... 

Prisons ( 

Provost's House 

Paintings at ............. . 

Powerscourt House 



41 

18 

247 
170 
117 
118 
119 
120 
24T 
248 
202 
197 
201 

37 
240 
171 
187 
134 
100 
241 

16 
106 

1QZ 
164 
165 
24* 
163 
9T 
161 
10 
25 
26 

111 

19 

24S 
168 



Quakers .,...,..,• * . , •• . t 102 



260 



INDEX. 



Page 

Rates of Carriages- 251 

Refectory, Trinity College 15 

Religious Societies 138 

Richmond Penitentiary 1 L8 

— — Bridge lot 

Institution 132 

— — Lunatic Asylum 232 

Rotunda Rooms £13 

Royal Irish Academy 39 

Chapter House 49 

Arcade 149, 237 

Hospital, Kilmainham .... 189 

Hibernian Academy ...... £38 

Military Academy. ....... £25 

Savage (architect) 151 

St. Dolough 246 

St, Patrick's Hall 7 

Savings' Bauk 185 

School, St. Catherine's, Sunday . . 135 

Tree, day ... . 136 

Bell and Lancasterian .... ib. 

Seats £15 

Seceders 100 

Sessions House 115 

Seymour's, Rev. Mr., Pictures .. 214 

ShaWs Bank 250 

Sheriff's Prison 113 

■Simpson's Hospital 131 

Smith's Schools ^126 

Smith, J., (architect) 76, 77 

Smyth, (sculptor) 43, 71,72, 15Q, 171 

Spa at Stove Tenter House 188 

in Phcenix Park 240 

Square, Merrion 141 

Fitzwilliam 112 

Rutland ................ ib. 

Mountjoy 143 

Society, Dublin 28 

-Farming , 38 

Kinvanian 40 

Ibemo-Celtic ib. 

Dublin Library 41 

Stranger's Friend 123 

— — For Relief of Industrious 

Poor ib. 

Debtor's Friend ib. 

Musical Fund 124 

Meath Charitable ........ ib. 

Incorporated 125 

For Education of the Poor 136 

Sunday School 137 

Religious Tract ...» 138 

Bible, &c , 139 

Stamp Office 167 



Page 
Statuary Gallery (Dublin Society), 32 
Statue, George 111. Bank ...... 2*- 

Marquis of Buckingham . . 48 

George I. Mansion BE. .... 107 

George II. Stephen's Green 40 

William III. College, ditto. 144 

George III. Exchange .... 181 

Dr. Lucas, Exchange .... ib. 

Steevens Dr. 206 

's Hospital ib. 

Stephen's Green 139 

Stove Tenter House 187 

Strand -street Meeting-House .... 98 

Students at Trinity College 28 

Surgeons' College 199 

Surgery, study of 200 

Swift, Mask's Portraits of ...... 104 

's Monument 44 

Hospital , . 230 

Tailors'Hall ....^ 108 

Templars 189 

Tenter-house 187 

Theatres 145 

Theatre, Crow-street .......... 147 

New ib. 

Fishamble-street 148 

Tholsel 107 

Tobacco Stores 177 

Treasury 7 

University 2,31 

Livings 12 

Examinations ib. 

Scholars 13 

Usher's Quay Meeting-House .... 99 

Vaccine Institution ......... ...235 

Vau 2sost, (sculptor) .43, 181 

Vaults, St. Michan's 62 

Viceroy'? Lodge 248 

Waldre (Painter) 7 

Walker, John, 101 

Walkerites ib. 

Ward's-hill Nunnery 95 

Waterford-honse 154 

Paintings at 240 

Wax-models 19 

Weavers' Hall 212 

Wellington Testimonial ........ 145 

Whitworth Tever Hospital 222 

Wide- street Commissioners 171 

Winter (Provost), 97 

Widows* Houses 121 



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TOURS IN IRELAND, 
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